[{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1863,"ye":null,"t":"Dictionnaire Infernal","a":"Jacques Collin de Plancy","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"not-stated","q":"We forget to say that, according to him, the earth breathes like elephants: volcanoes are its nostrils.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a theory stating that the earth breathes like an animal, with volcanoes serving as nostrils.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6999988f4310a671394526ee?page=670","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1836,"wd":"1809–1863, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1809,"wt":1863},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1891,"ye":null,"t":"Methodical Treatise on Occult Science","a":"Papus (Gérard Encausse)","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"I have made every effort to explain to the best of my ability one of the ideas defended by all the disciples of the <term>Pythagorean School</term> <note>A school of philosophy founded by Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BC) that emphasized the mathematical order of the universe and the interconnectedness of all living things.</note>, and by all those of the Platonic or Neo-Platonic Schools: the idea that everything in the Universe is alive, even the planets.","why":"The text explicitly defends and asserts the doctrine that everything in the Universe, including the planets, is alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69593349b91a6184ea9443a0?page=176","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1886,"wd":"1880–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1891},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Vol. 5","a":"Richard F. Burton","lg":"English","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"self","s":"god-divine","q":"My life returned to me and my strength and spirits were restored, and I recited:","why":"Sindbad explicitly describes strength and spirits returning to him from the inside after near-death exhaustion.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553c467a3da9e7ba5aaec?page=428","fm":false,"d":"quickening","ln":"lexical","ph":"life returned to me","yw":1200,"wd":"c. 800–1500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":800,"wt":1500},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1860,"ye":null,"t":"The Seven Sisters of Sleep: Popular History of the Seven Prevailing Narcotics of the World","a":"Mordecai Cubitt Cooke","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"body","s":"not-stated","q":"He took and tasted, a new life\nFlowed through his renovated frame;","why":"The passage describes life flowing through the frame and limbs regaining freshness from the inside.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ef218eb3e2d3a0927f38fc?page=290","fm":false,"d":"quickening","ln":"lexical","ph":"new life flowed","yw":1850,"wd":"1840–1860, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1840,"wt":1860},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Works of A. I. Herzen and Correspondence with N. A. Zakharina, Vol. 7","a":"Александр Герцен","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"place","s":"not-stated","q":"Moscow is empty, dead and cold to me; it is a stranger to me.","why":"Moscow, a city, is explicitly called dead and cold.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af22dff98f6eff774cd775?page=159","fm":false,"d":"vividness","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if for the first time","yw":1849,"wd":"1827–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1827,"wt":1870},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1589,"ye":null,"t":"Erster [- zehender] Theil der Bücher und Schrifften des edlen, hochgelehrten und bewehrten philosophi und medi","a":"Paracelsus (1493-1541)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Stones grow not from the earth but from the water; they are like the ore of the water.","why":"The passage states outright that stones grow from water, meeting the criteria for stones growing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a100962f717292950969011?page=352","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"Weg der Wiedergeburt","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"sun-stars","q":"just as the sun makes a Tinctur life of gold in a stone.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the sun generating a tincture life of gold in stone, attributing life to mineral matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8907a6c6f3cc53c85b67f?page=225","fm":false,"d":"rebirth","ln":"lexical","ph":"born again","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"Mystic Christianity, or The Inner Teaching of the Master","a":"Yogi Ramacharaka (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"We have also shown you that everything in the Universe is alive—down to the minerals and the atoms composing matter.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that everything in the universe down to minerals and atoms is alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd2270254d38471e270c?page=214","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1907, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1907},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"The heavenly cloud now breaking. The Lord Christ's ascension-ladder sent down; to shew the way to reach the as","a":"Lead, Jane","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"breath-spirit","q":"It comes so imperceptibly that no one can see how this pure breath enters, except as it is felt as a quickening life.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the breath of rebirth being experienced internally as a felt quickening life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c878ca6c6f3cc53c858341?page=63","fm":false,"d":"rebirth","ln":"lexical","ph":"born again","yw":1672,"wd":"1639–1704, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1639,"wt":1704},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1738,"ye":null,"t":"Homer's Golden Chain","a":"[Kirchweger, Anton Joseph]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Discovery of the true Universal Seed or regenerated Chaos, Spirit of the World or Soul of the World <note>original: \"Spiritus seu Animæ Mundi\"</note>, the famous World-Spirit.","why":"The text explicitly identifies the universal seed as the Soul of the World (Anima Mundi) and World-Spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6975158ca88d83c830d99e32?page=71","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1712,"wd":"1686–1738, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1686,"wt":1738},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1619,"ye":null,"t":"Natural Magic (Magia Naturalis)","a":"Giambattista della Porta","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"...but says it is born from putrefaction, similar to a blackbird; which is animated there by the life of the world.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the creature generated from putrefaction is animated by the 'life of the world' (anima mundi).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953ea3e1479a63c1108641e?page=90","fm":false,"d":"rebirth","ln":"lexical","ph":"born anew","yw":1583,"wd":"1550–1615, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1550,"wt":1615},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":null,"t":"The Rising Dawn","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"French","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"earth","s":"god-divine","q":"when the earth shall separate in the flaming fire of wrath, and when it shall become living again; then","why":"The passage explicitly states that at the last judgment the earth 'shall become living again'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751591233423aeec9e88f4?page=203","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":null,"t":"The Rising Dawn","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"French","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Just as the sun is the heart of life, and an origin of all the spirits in the body of this world; so too is Saturn the one who begins all corporeality and all tangibility, and it is in these two stars that the power of the entire body of this world resides; outside of their power, there can be no creature, no configuration, nor any mobility within the natural body of this world.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the world as having a body animated by spirits, with the sun as its heart of life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751591233423aeec9e88f4?page=333","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":null,"t":"The Rising Dawn","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"French","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Just as the sun is the heart of life and a cause of the spirits of nature; so Saturn is the heart, and a cause of all bodies and all configurations in the earth, and upon the earth, as well as in the entire body of this world.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the cosmos as having a body and hearts, with the sun generating the vital spirits of nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751591233423aeec9e88f4?page=336","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1757,"ye":null,"t":"Aurea Catena Homeri. Das ist: eine Beschreibung von dem Ursprung der Natur","a":"[Kirchweger, Anton Joseph]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The spirit is the worker, the famous World-Spirit, Anima & Spiritus mundi <gloss>Soul and Spirit of the world</gloss>, the all-working spirit and power of God, the Universal Seed, Sperma Universi <gloss>Seed of the Universe</gloss>, the true active agent, the smith of all natural things.","why":"The text explicitly posits an Anima & Spiritus mundi (world-soul/world-spirit) acting as the animating spirit and smith of all natural things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7f8226c6f3cc53c84228e?page=27","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1716,"wd":"1686–1746, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1686,"wt":1746},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1552,"ye":null,"t":"De philosophia, Vol. 2","a":"Cicero, Marcus Tullius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Therefore, the whole being completely constituted, he distributed an equal number of souls to the stars, and joined individuals to individuals, and thus placed them as if in the chariot of the universe, and demonstrated the fatal and necessary laws, and showed that the first birth would be one for all, and that it would be moderated and constant, and diminished by none: but it would be sufficient, and with souls as if scattered, for the animal <note>living being</note> to arise at certain intervals of time, which would be most apt for the worship of the gods.","why":"The passage explicitly describes distributing souls to the stars and joining individual souls to individual stars.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08557649638a50931c2379?page=403","fm":false,"d":"rebirth","ln":"lexical","ph":"second birth","yw":-66,"wd":"91–42 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-91,"wt":-42},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"It flicked its deceptive, self-moving tail—","why":"The crafted necklace features a serpent with a deceptive, self-moving tail, explicitly depicting the artwork as so lifelike it seems to move and live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=127","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1780,"ye":null,"t":"Dawn rising","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The second birth of this world stands in life, for it is the sidereal birth <note>the realm of the stars and the \"astral spirit\" that Böhme believes governs the mind and the elements</note>, out of which the third and holy birth is born, and within which Love and Wrath strive with one another.","why":"The text explicitly states that the sidereal birth of this world 'stands in life.'","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6902ed49583dd7d2641408a5?page=267","fm":false,"d":"rebirth","ln":"lexical","ph":"second birth","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1826,"ye":null,"t":"Philonis Judaei Paralipomena Armena","a":"Philo of Alexandria; Giovanni Battista Aucher","lg":"Armenian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"But he added very naturally, saying the place of the vital spirit is \"under heaven,\" because indeed there are also living things of heaven: for the body is not blessed from the heavenly substance; as if it had received a special, wonderful lot (better than other) living creatures; but heaven appeared first of all worthy to have been made with this grace of the wonderful and divine living things, which are all entirely intellectual spirits: so that they might provide a part of participation even to those existing on earth of the vital power, and animate those that can be animated.","why":"The passage states that heaven contains divine living beings that impart vital power to animate earthly things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69943ceda668f66e6953d13b?page=99","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of life","yw":30,"wd":"1st century CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-20,"wt":50},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1100,"ye":null,"t":"Digenes Akrites","a":"Anonymous (Byzantine)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"self","s":"prayer-grace","q":"Immediately at that word, my strength returned, and I struck Ioannakis upon the right arm, just above the elbow-joint.","why":"The first-person narrator describes from the inside that his strength returned upon hearing his bride's words.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953a88877f38f6761bd18cf?page=260","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"my strength returned","yw":1150,"wd":"c. 1100–1200","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1200},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1445,"ye":null,"t":"The Taoist Canon","a":"Various Taoist Masters","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The Spirit serves as the gate of transformation, and the Breath (Qi) is the cause of life.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Breath (Qi) is the cause of life, satisfying the criterion of a vital breath or spirit animating things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695924fa1cac2ce31a4a8a33?page=121","fm":false,"d":"gladness","ln":"lexical","ph":"danced with joy","yw":1445,"wd":"c. 400–1445","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":1445},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1736,"ye":null,"t":"Gesammlete kleine Schrifften","a":"Arndt, Johann","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"god-divine","q":"When your flames of love, sweet Jesus, ignite me, when you lead body and soul together onto the plain of delight, then everything within me breaks forth like a full stream.","why":"Describes an inner experiential surge of vigour and delight felt across body and soul breaking forth like a full stream.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c838976c6f3cc53c84f0a6","fm":true,"d":"gladness","ln":"lexical","ph":"for sheer joy","yw":1596,"wd":"1571–1621, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1571,"wt":1621},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1710,"ye":null,"t":"Böhme: Seraphic Flower Garden, Extracts from All Works","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"body","s":"prayer-grace","q":"the body triumphs and does not know what is happening to it for sheer joy.","why":"Describes gladness experienced directly in the physical body as it triumphs and is overwhelmed by sheer joy.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b418c42b0edf3eaa2ddc55","fm":true,"d":"gladness","ln":"lexical","ph":"for sheer joy","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1738,"ye":null,"t":"Sechs Bücher vom wahren Christenthum. Paradies-Gärtlein","a":"Arndt, Johann","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"god-divine","q":"My heart swells, and it pours out through my mouth; my feet do not stand still but leap joyfully into your house: my eyes, that dearest pair, even weep for sheer joy.","why":"The speaker describes bodily felt joy and surging somatic gladness (swelling heart, leaping feet, weeping eyes) from the inside.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8a19e6c6f3cc53c85e248","fm":true,"d":"gladness","ln":"lexical","ph":"for sheer joy","yw":1596,"wd":"1571–1621, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1571,"wt":1621},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1842,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of Apuleius","a":"Apuleius; Oudendorp (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"where they formally arranged the simulacra spirantia (breathing statues).","why":"The passage explicitly describes the statues as 'simulacra spirantia' (breathing statues), characterizing crafted images as breathing or lifelike.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00fe3e485bbb15c6b419c?page=1148","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":170,"wd":"c. 155–180","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":155,"wt":180},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1775,"ye":null,"t":"Versuch über die Religionsgeschichte der ältesten Völker, besonders der Egyptier","a":"Meiners, Christoph","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Zeus houtos ho pas kosmos, zōon ek zōn, kai Theos ek Theōn","why":"The passage quotes Porphyry explicitly stating that the whole cosmos is a living being (zōon ek zōn).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c632563e8cae136d149653","fm":true,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"pneuma","yw":1769,"wd":"1762–1775, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1762,"wt":1775},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1895,"ye":null,"t":"The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Vol. 4 (Bhishma Parva)","a":"M.N. Dutt (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"self","s":"not-stated","q":"Seeing Karna and his son slain with arrows, Yudhisthira considered himself as if born anew.","why":"Yudhisthira experiences his inner state as being reborn ('considered himself as if born anew') upon seeing his enemy slain.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dea5eb4d19ec2e9ba77b03?page=581","fm":false,"d":"gladness","ln":"lexical","ph":"overflowing with joy","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 400 BCE–400 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-400,"wt":400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1700,"ye":null,"t":"Thadrak Kanjur mDo sde Sha","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"On that horn, pure dzambu gold grows from the banks of the rivers.","why":"Gold, a metal, is explicitly stated to grow from the riverbanks.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab0d5f1a22ab19a92183?page=293","fm":false,"d":"gladness","ln":"lexical","ph":"intoxicated with joy","yw":400,"wd":"c. 100–700, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1599,"ye":null,"t":"The Singularities of Andreas Libavius Part Two","a":"Libavius, Andreas","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, metals and the beasts and man can be informed vitally.","why":"The text explicitly concludes that metals, like beasts and man, can be informed vitally.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51d0147b06ecd58182c35?page=245","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without any life","yw":1585,"wd":"1570–1599, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1570,"wt":1599},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"On the Secret Teachings","a":"Iamblichus; tr. Theodor Hopfner","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"— The ensoulment expressed itself in independent movements of the god-images for the purpose of revelation, of which the Egyptians also know; for on the Bentresh Stela it is expressly stated that the (ensouled) statue of the god Khonsu \"nodded its head twice in assent\" (Wiedemann, Volksmund, Vol. VI, p. 91), as did the cult image of Isis during a procession (Erman, Rel.², p. 187; cf. Budge, Magic, p. 65 ff.).","why":"The passage explicitly describes statues and god-images as being ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69d13fe01c2a66dc094b1a6b?page=275","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"ensouled statue","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1782,"ye":null,"t":"Swedenborg Heaven and Its Wonders and Hell (1875)","a":"Emanuel Swedenborg","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"god-divine","q":"Consequently, all the perceptive and sensitive faculties seemed alive with happiness.","why":"The author describes from the inside a bodily experience of joy and delight diffusing through the fibers, making his faculties feel alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695595337bd6d2cd1d61eae7?page=285","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1758,"wd":"1758","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1758,"wt":1758},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1854,"ye":null,"t":"The History of Magic, Vol. I","a":"Joseph Ennemoser; William Howitt (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"sun-stars","q":"It must, however, be said that the earth possesses a life of its own.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the earth possesses a life of its own and that there is life in the earth and stones.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699069e51cf6ed5fbc8f3cc7?page=345","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1828,"wd":"1802–1854, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1802,"wt":1854},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1854,"ye":null,"t":"The History of Magic, Vol. I","a":"Joseph Ennemoser; William Howitt (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"In the same way that the sun is the heart of life and a source of all spirits in the body of this world, Saturn is the beginning of all physical substance and tangibility.","why":"The passage describes the cosmos as a living body with the sun as its heart of life and source of spirits.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699069e51cf6ed5fbc8f3cc7?page=338","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1828,"wd":"1802–1854, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1802,"wt":1854},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1484,"ye":null,"t":"Plato, Complete Works (Ficino translation)","a":"Plato; Marsilio Ficino (translator)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Wherefore, just as this probable reason persuades us, it must be said that this world is an animal, truly constituted by divine providence.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that God gave soul to the world's body and that the world is a living animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d3c06b196d69f66f8f7?page=403","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1619,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Two Worlds, Volume 2","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For light is always the same, and the soul, being, and life of creatures themselves, and of all things; since it is nothing other than either the proximate or remote presence of God.","why":"The passage explicitly states that light is the soul, being, and life of all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952dac977f38f6761bc6cb0?page=517","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1604,"wd":"1589–1619, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1619},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1804,"ye":null,"t":"Biblia Sacra Vulgatae: Clementine Vulgate Latin Bible","a":"Jerome (Sixtine-Clementine edition)","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-biblical","c":"self","s":"god-divine","q":"When he had drunk, his spirit was revived and his strength returned.","why":"The text explicitly describes his spirit being revived and his strength returning after drinking.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952e4c677f38f6761bc882d?page=225","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":390,"wd":"360–420, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":360,"wt":420},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1784,"ye":null,"t":"Mémoires sur le magnétisme animal","a":"Armand-Marie-Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis de Puységur","lg":"French","tr":"medical","c":"self","s":"not-stated","q":"Upon entering the city, I was seized by a joy that overwhelmed all my senses, and from that moment I felt much more strength, and a small bout of fever that lasted a very short time; and since 그 day, I am still waiting for it","why":"The author describes an internal sensation of bodily joy overwhelming the senses and strength returning.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905f1440bc3a0478efa351?page=502","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":1820,"wd":"c. 1820","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1809,"wt":1820},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"Coptic martyrdoms, etc., in the dialect of Upper Egypt","a":"e.a. wallis budge, m.a., litt.d.","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"body","s":"god-divine","q":"And my strength returned unto me a little, and I said unto him, 'I am ill in my liver.'","why":"The narrator explicitly describes feeling his strength return from the inside.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3f028e97e91e1768f6776f?page=539","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":600,"wd":"c. 300–900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":300,"wt":900},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1738,"ye":null,"t":"Description of China, Korea, and Tibet","a":"Du Halde","lg":"English","tr":"medical","c":"plant","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"I immediately took half of it, and about an hour after, my strength returned.","why":"The author explicitly describes from the inside his strength returning after extreme fatigue.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69eb09aa357a59f9cb67e2d8?page=388","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"my strength returned","yw":1735,"wd":"1735","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1735,"wt":1735},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"Coptic Martyrdoms in the Dialect of Upper Egypt, Vol. I","a":"E. A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"body","s":"god-divine","q":"My strength returned to me just a little, and I said to him, 'O Christ, I am suffering in my liver.'","why":"The speaker describes from the first-person perspective their strength returning ('My strength returned to me just a little').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae9b4c7530e28ed3e79c12?page=284","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":600,"wd":"Coptic martyrdoms, c. 5th-9th c.","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":400,"wt":900},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"Coptic Martyrdoms in the Dialect of Upper Egypt, Vol. I","a":"E. A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"body","s":"god-divine","q":"My strength returned to me a little, and I said to him, 'I am ill in my liver.'","why":"The speaker explicitly describes their strength returning to them from the inside upon seeing the radiant man.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae9b4c7530e28ed3e79c12?page=534","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":600,"wd":"Coptic martyrdoms, c. 5th-9th c.","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":400,"wt":900},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"Coptic Martyrdoms in the Dialect of Upper Egypt, Vol. I","a":"E. A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"body","s":"prayer-grace","q":"Strength returned to my body, and a sense of renewal came over both my body and my soul.","why":"The narrator explicitly describes from the inside strength returning to his body and a sense of renewal coming over his body and soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae9b4c7530e28ed3e79c12?page=291","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":600,"wd":"Coptic martyrdoms, c. 5th-9th c.","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":400,"wt":900},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1495,"ye":null,"t":"The Consolation of Philosophy","a":"Boethius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"self","s":"soul-form","q":"Then the dark shadows departed from me,\nAnd the former strength returned to my eyes.","why":"Describes from the inside dark shadows departing and former strength returning to the eyes.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc8b51040d1d5e209bc62?page=37","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":507,"wd":"485–529, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":485,"wt":529},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"Coptic Martyrdoms in the Dialect of Upper Egypt, Vol. I","a":"E. A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"self","s":"god-divine","q":"When he had finished blessing me, my strength returned to me, to the extent that I no longer felt hunger or thirst.","why":"The narrator describes from the inside their strength returning and bodily sensations altering after receiving the blessing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae9b4c7530e28ed3e79c12?page=285","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":600,"wd":"Coptic martyrdoms, c. 5th-9th c.","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":400,"wt":900},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1513,"ye":null,"t":"Urania, or Five Books on the Stars; On Meteors; On the Gardens of the Hesperides","a":"Giovanni Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Then the Goddess herself, in the middle of the gathering,\nLoosens the stored-up veins, and from the whole belly of the earth\nErupts salt, sweating bitterly over the rocks.","why":"The passage describes the earth as having veins and a belly that sweats salt.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2697fea90278696507c6e?page=235","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1513,"ye":null,"t":"Urania, or Five Books on the Stars; On Meteors; On the Gardens of the Hesperides","a":"Giovanni Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"But in autumn, indeed, there is the greatest force for the wind\nWhen the earth breathes much, when a fuller breath exits,","why":"The passage explicitly states that the earth breathes ('the earth breathes much, when a fuller breath exits').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2697fea90278696507c6e?page=258","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"[2]: P. Ouidij Nasonis uita per Aldum ex ipsius libris excerpta. Heroidum epistolae. Amorum lib. 3. De arte am","a":"Manuzio, Aldo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"self","s":"sympathy-love","q":"And suddenly strength returned to my weary arms:","why":"Leander describes from the inside strength suddenly returning to his weary arms upon seeing the light.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085a9149638a50931c9abe?page=129","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":5,"wd":"c. 20 BCE–18","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-20,"wt":18},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1559,"ye":null,"t":"Offenbarung der Natur und natürlicher Dingen auch mancherley subtiler Würckungen","a":"Cardano, Girolamo|","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Yet some noble stones grow in the earth and out of clear earth, which takes the place of stones and is thus not porous.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that noble stones grow in the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c80b756c6f3cc53c84678b","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1538,"wd":"1516–1559, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1516,"wt":1559},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1559,"ye":null,"t":"Offenbarung der Natur und natürlicher Dingen auch mancherley subtiler Würckungen","a":"Cardano, Girolamo|","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The small stones grow in the filth through the boiled water, no differently than saltpeter.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that small stones grow in the filth, meeting the criterion of stones growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c80b756c6f3cc53c84678b?page=159","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1538,"wd":"1516–1559, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1516,"wt":1559},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1502,"ye":null,"t":"The Heroic Epistles and Other Works of Ovid","a":"Sabinus, Angelus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"self","s":"sympathy-love","q":"And suddenly, strength returned to my weary arms:","why":"The speaker describes from the inside the physical return of strength to his weary arms.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a084e7649638a50931b5263?page=108","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":5,"wd":"c. 20 BCE–17","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-20,"wt":17},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Pontani Opera. Vrania, siue De stellis libri quinque. Meteororum liber unus. De hortis Hesperidum libri duo. L","a":"Pontano, Giovanni Gioviano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Then the Goddess herself, in the midst of the assembly,\nReleased the hidden veins, and from the entire womb of the earth\nErupted bitter salt over the sweating rocks.","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth having 'veins' and a 'womb', which fits the criterion 'earth breathes or has veins'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085c4d49638a50931ccf0a?page=249","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"strength returned","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"Memoirs of a Revolutionist","a":"Pyotr Kropotkin","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"self","s":"not-stated","q":"I ate light food, my strength returned, and with renewed energy I set to work again.","why":"The narrator describes from the inside his strength returning and renewed energy to work.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af3df4dec9c66a7172bb36?page=302","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"my strength returned","yw":1889,"wd":"1857–1920, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1857,"wt":1920},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1844,"ye":null,"t":"Deutsche Mythologie","a":"Jacob Grimm","lg":"German","tr":"folk-magical","c":"body","s":"sympathy-love","q":"for the first time he felt new strength.","why":"The text describes from the inside a sensation of strength returning/felt in the body ('he felt new strength') upon seeing the maiden.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee649a7b983848aff57d1b?page=434","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"regained his strength","yw":1835,"wd":"1835","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1835,"wt":1835},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"Athanasii Kircheri e Soc. Jesu Mundus Subterraneus, in XII libros digestus","a":"Kircher, Athanasius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Innate sulphur, which is also called \"living,\" is mingled together with the seed; and this is the very thing that promotes metals and converts the prepared matter into gold and silver, unless it is overwhelmed by some other adventitious element; and, as we have said, it is nothing other than that most pure and fiery vapor which has the power of coagulating mercury.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals having a seed and 'living' innate sulphur generating within the womb of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6b4a396dc15d4a16e0aeb?page=705","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1647,"wd":"1616–1678, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1497,"ye":null,"t":"Letters","a":"Ficinus, Marsilius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"It must be said that this world is an animal, and you will understand that it was constituted by divine prudence with this premise which we see following.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an animal created by divine prudence.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc9fb1040d1d5e20a82cf?page=53","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1473,"wd":"1448–1497, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1448,"wt":1497},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1500,"ye":null,"t":"The Consolation of Philosophy","a":"Boethius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"self","s":"soul-form","q":"And its former vigor returns to my eyes,","why":"The speaker describes vigor returning to his eyes from the inside as darkness leaves.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc8be1040d1d5e209c1f7?page=41","fm":false,"d":"torpor","ln":"lexical","ph":"lethargy","yw":507,"wd":"485–529, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":485,"wt":529},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1480,"ye":null,"t":"Ficino, Letters (dated October 1480)","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"It must be said that this world is an animal, and one established by true divine providence.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the cosmos is a living animal created by divine providence.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52bfe3dd6d9423027d1ba?page=64","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1464,"wd":"1448–1480, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1480},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1480,"ye":null,"t":"Ficino, Letters (dated October 1480)","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"self","s":"god-divine","q":"I now bestir myself entirely and overflow, yet I am not scattered, because God, the unity of unities, gathers me with Himself and unites me with Himself.","why":"The speaker describes an inner experience of vigour and life surging, bestirring entirely and overflowing in ecstatic union.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52bfe3dd6d9423027d1ba?page=19","fm":false,"d":"numbness","ln":"lexical","ph":"living death","yw":1464,"wd":"1448–1480, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1480},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1864,"ye":null,"t":"Relation des choses de Yucatan de Diego de Landa (bilingual Spanish-French)","a":"Diego de Landa (ed. Brasseur de Bourbourg)","lg":"Spanish / French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"the instrument through which the earth breathes the fire of volcanoes, in the legend of Hun-Ahpu or Ahpub, whose name is found again in that of the Egyptian Anupu.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the earth breathing the fire of volcanoes through the blowgun.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f8c0f74c6a515115aedadd?page=90","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1559,"wd":"1539–1579, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1539,"wt":1579},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"Enneads (1580 Greek-Latin, Ficino trans.)","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Indeed, Plotinus thinks that the rational soul does not only defend its own body and those things entrusted to it from a common fate by such arts, but that, like the celestial souls, it can sometimes exercise command over the lower materials of the world.","why":"Explicitly posits the existence of celestial souls that govern the lower materials of the world.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9c777f38f6761bc2ffd?page=161","fm":false,"d":"healing_strength","ln":"lexical","ph":"recovered his strength","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"Enneads (1580 Greek-Latin, Ficino trans.)","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Nor is our soul cut into many souls, whether because of diverse limbs or limbs adapted to whatever purposes: just as the World Soul itself is not divided within itself, nor does it become many souls, even when divided by parts distant from one another.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the existence of the World Soul ensouling the cosmos as a unified whole.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9c777f38f6761bc2ffd?page=404","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"Enneads (1580 Greek-Latin, Ficino trans.)","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Remember again that these causes below the Moon are driven with a stronger force by the \"life of the world\" <note>the Anima Mundi, or World Soul, which animates the entire universe</note>, not only through themselves, but also carried directly through the vegetative soul <note>the anima vegetalis, the basic level of soul responsible for growth and nutrition</note>, a power flourishing everywhere.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that sublunar causes are driven by the \"life of the world\" and carried through a vegetative soul flourishing everywhere.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9c777f38f6761bc2ffd?page=260","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetative soul","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"Enneads (1580 Greek-Latin, Ficino trans.)","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Since this world is a living being encompassing all living beings, and receives its existence and its nature from another; and since that source from which it comes is traced back to the Intellect, it is necessary that the universal archetype of the whole exists primarily in the Intellect.","why":"The passage explicitly states that this world is a living being encompassing all living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9c777f38f6761bc2ffd?page=597","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"Enneads (1580 Greek-Latin, Ficino trans.)","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"World Soul: how it governs the world 206","why":"The text explicitly lists the 'World Soul' and discusses how it governs and produces things, affirming that the cosmos has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9c777f38f6761bc2ffd?page=810","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"The Law of the Mouth: On the Restoration of Nature and Grace","a":"Shimʿon ben Yoḥai, ca. 2. Jh.","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"that most holy messianic free Alef, the spirit of the world, the soul, and at least under grace, having the hope of ministry, whence the whole sonship of the world is.","why":"The text explicitly describes the Alef as the spirit and soul of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e5eff09e4fe943ad5a3?page=1595","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1290,"wd":"c. 1280–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1280,"wt":1300},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1473,"ye":null,"t":"Secretum: On the Contempt of the World","a":"Petrarca, Francesco","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"But this plague seizes me so tenaciously at times that it tortures me, bound for whole days and nights, which for me is a time not of light or life, but resembles a Tartarean night and a most bitter death.","why":"The speaker describes from the inside the experience of acedia as a time not of life resembling a bitter death.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb1c1040d1d5e20b2495?page=53","fm":false,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"acedia","yw":1351,"wd":"1301–1400","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1301,"wt":1400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1729,"ye":null,"t":"Beati Raymundi Lulli Doctoris Illuminati et Martyris Operum Tomus Quintus (Salzinger ed., Mainz)","a":"Llull, Ramon; Salzinger, Ivo (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"The Vegetative Power is the soul of plants, and it is that from which animals live, and that through which the elements are vegetated.","why":"The text explicitly states that the vegetative power is the soul of plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0ac043ccff0aaf8df94b25?page=557","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1282,"wd":"1247–1316, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1247,"wt":1316},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1485,"ye":null,"t":"Book of Examples and Similitudes of Things","a":"Johannes de Sancto Geminiano","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"This so devastates the appetite of the soul that it desires nothing good and [nothing] happy.","why":"The passage describes the heaviness and weariness of acedia devastating the appetite of the soul so that it desires nothing good or happy.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcaa91040d1d5e20ad6b4?page=631","fm":false,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"acedia","yw":1304,"wd":"1275–1332, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1275,"wt":1332},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"But since we cannot acquire the stone, because we are not in the places where these two stones grow: we must take matters similar to these stones, and of that nature, if otherwise we wish to prepare our work, and that is of great expense and much time.","why":"The text explicitly refers to places where the two stones grow, satisfying the criterion of stones growing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9f0ef6d63c919747ded2?page=1721","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1690,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Medico-Chemical Works","a":"Hartmann, Johann","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Finally, minerals and metals, although they live very obscurely and are bound by the chains of most compact bodies, cannot exert their powers before they are unraveled and reduced into act.","why":"The passage explicitly states that minerals and metals 'live very obscurely'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51ddbefd8df28f2dac1c5?page=550","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":1630,"wd":"c. 1610–1631","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1610,"wt":1631},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Because in each multiplication, such an addition of new Philosophic matter—namely, the soul of the general world—was made, as was necessary for the augmentation of the powder in a virtue ten times greater than it could provide before the multiplication.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the cosmos possesses a soul ('the soul of the general world').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9f0ef6d63c919747ded2?page=3541","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"This is the true water of the spagyricists, in which the seeds of metals are alive, and can produce other metals from themselves, for their power remains in the solution made through this water in this water, which [the ignorant] lose and miss in strong waters and similar waters unknown to the Philosophers.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the seeds of metals are alive and can produce other metals.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9f0ef6d63c919747ded2?page=4110","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Since, therefore, metals grow and have a beginning, it also follows that they are multiplied.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals grow.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9f0ef6d63c919747ded2?page=3754","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1616,"ye":null,"t":"The Lausiac History","a":"Palladius (ed. Johannes Meursius)","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"god-divine","q":"Coming to this holy man one day, I said to him while I was suffering greatly from listlessness <term>accidie (ακηδία): a state of spiritual apathy, boredom, or \"the noonday demon\" that tempted monks to abandon their cells</term>: \"Abba Macarius, what should I do? For my thoughts afflict me, saying: 'You are doing nothing here; leave this place.'\"","why":"The author describes from the inside his personal suffering from acedia (listlessness/torpor) and the inner thoughts afflicting him.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a9573465ddd05bbcd3e514?page=183","fm":false,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"accidie","yw":436,"wd":"416–455, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":416,"wt":455},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"Philokalia (Greek)","a":"Nikodemos & Makarios (eds.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"This is a terrible and heavy demon, always at war with monks. He falls upon the monk at the sixth hour, instilling in him a sense of exhaustion and chills, and creating a hatred for his very location, for the brothers living with him, for every kind of work, and even for the reading of the Holy Scriptures.","why":"The passage describes the internal, somatic, and psychological state of accidie (exhaustion, chills, listlessness, and aversion to work and dwelling).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953a54c77f38f6761bcf531?page=54","fm":false,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"accidie","yw":1782,"wd":"c. 1350–1782","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1350,"wt":1782},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"Dess evangelischen Kirchen-Convents in Strassburg abgenöthigter historischer Bericht, von der jüngst daselbst ","a":"Zentgraf, Johann Joachim","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"self","s":"god-divine","q":"For I was worse than a dead person.","why":"The author describes feeling dead inside from within, recounting spiritual torpor and numbness where nothing could be felt, tasted, heard, or seen.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c855526c6f3cc53c853ab7","fm":true,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"spiritual dryness","yw":1682,"wd":"1658–1706, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1658,"wt":1706},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1752,"ye":null,"t":"Einer gläubigen Seele vertrauter Umgang mit Gott","a":"Bogatzky, Karl Heinrich von","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"prayer-grace","q":"Often we are in such dryness or oppression of the heart and feel ourselves so miserable and dead that we notice no operations of the Holy Spirit at all within us, or do not recognize them as such, and so we must indeed languish.","why":"The author describes the internal state of heart-dryness, oppression, and feeling dead inside (spiritual dryness/acedia).","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c80da56c6f3cc53c846d9e?page=96","fm":false,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"spiritual dryness","yw":1729,"wd":"1705–1752, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1705,"wt":1752},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1740,"ye":null,"t":"Selected Extracts","a":"Ueberfeld, Johann Wilhelm","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"text-word","s":"god-divine","q":"GOD has now prepared such a book for Himself within humanity; wherein He now imprints His word of divine wisdom and powers with living letters, better than on dead paper or stone, in which no life can be awakened, and which therefore must allow itself to be handled and abused by everyone, both good and evil.","why":"The physical written medium (paper or stone) is explicitly called 'dead' and unable to have life awakened in it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751591233423aeec9e88f2?page=427","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead letter","yw":1703,"wd":"1674–1732, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1674,"wt":1732},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1688,"ye":null,"t":"Prima, media, et ultima. Ofte de eerste, middelste en laetste dingen","a":"Ambrose, Isaac","lg":"Dutch","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"prayer-grace","q":"Is it not a common complaint of the very best Christians that they are usually seized with great deadness and hindered by a dullness of spirit in these holy exercises?","why":"The text explicitly describes the interior state of Christians seized with deadness, dullness of spirit, and frozen numbness (acedia) during holy exercises.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c81ce16c6f3cc53c849e00?page=461","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without any life","yw":1642,"wd":"1619–1664, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1619,"wt":1664},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1631,"ye":null,"t":"Integrum Morborum Mysterium (Medical Mysteries)","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"If, therefore, He is the form and most internal life of every creature—that is, the center of every thing (as the chief priest Hermes most rightly said) whose circumference is nowhere—then as the Evangelist says: By Him all things w","why":"The text explicitly asserts God is the 'most internal life of every creature' and the divine spirit animates and informs all created things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952723fab34727b1f04810e?page=802","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1610,"wd":"1589–1631, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1631},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1603,"ye":null,"t":"Disquisitionum Magicarum Libri Sex","a":"Martin Del Rio","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Moreover, the principal agent is the \"seed of gold\" implanted in the metals themselves: which seed is nourished by heat and matures into gold.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals contain an implanted 'seed' that is nourished and matures into gold.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698fb9446b95eeda7d2d38b9?page=87","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1585,"wd":"1566–1603, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1566,"wt":1603},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1626,"ye":null,"t":"Sacred and Truly Christian Philosophy, or Cosmic Meteorology","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"It is for this reason that we have it confirmed by the fathers of Astrology and the more abstruse Philosophy, that not only the Earth, but indeed all bodies—even the celestial ones—are to be regarded as certain giant animals.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Earth and celestial bodies are giant animals with a spirit of life breathed from the World Soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e8498a2f054f912420bd?page=12","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1608,"wd":"1589–1626, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1626},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"Universal Medicine, or the Mystic Sanctuary of the Healing Art","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For we define the Soul of the World as the purer spirit of universal nature, formed and quickened immediately from the eternal Monad by the emanations of divine light, and brought into a living and spiritual nature by the union or \"glue\" of holy love with those emanations.","why":"The text explicitly asserts a World Soul and defines it as a vital spirit bringing universal nature into a living state.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69819203084978306e4933f4?page=73","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1609,"wd":"1589–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1629},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"Universal Medicine, or the Mystic Sanctuary of the Healing Art","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"This is that Universal Spirit <note>original Latin: Spiritus Catholicus</note> which gives life to all things; for in Him alone (and in no other) is life, and that life is the light of the world, <note>A reference to John 1:4.</note> fro","why":"The text explicitly states that the Universal Spirit (Spiritus Catholicus) gives life to all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69819203084978306e4933f4?page=105","fm":false,"d":"acedia","ln":"lexical","ph":"noonday demon","yw":1609,"wd":"1589–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1629},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"Universal Medicine: Or, the Mystical Sanctuary of the Art of Healing","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Which can also be most aptly understood of the soul of the world, as it is explained by the contents of verse 17 of Psalm 31, already recited before.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the soul of the world and describes a vivifying spirit (spiritus mundanus) animating creation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dbecf111105c428f5ed?page=317","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1609,"wd":"1589–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1629},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"Universal Medicine: Or, the Mystical Sanctuary of the Art of Healing","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"And we call this spirit (against your stubborn mind and opinion) the soul of the world without any hesitation, whose internal act is GOD, as is evident from what has been said, but this also will be explained more clearly in the following pages, where we shall treat of the soul of the world.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts without hesitation the reality of the soul of the world.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dbecf111105c428f5ed?page=286","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1609,"wd":"1589–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1629},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"Universal Medicine: Or, the Mystical Sanctuary of the Art of Healing","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"sun","s":"not-stated","q":"A rational instinct exists in the sun beyond life 46","why":"The text explicitly states that life and a rational instinct exist in the sun.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dbecf111105c428f5ed?page=388","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1609,"wd":"1589–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1629},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"The First Part of the Collected Works","a":"Teellinck, Willem","lg":"Dutch","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"With what miraculous art human hands have formed the human body so lifelike out of wax, that nothing seemed to be lacking but the waking up; many eyes in this century have also frequently seen this.","why":"The text explicitly describes wax human figures formed so lifelike that nothing seemed lacking but waking up.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6970e36a9b09d309d780a286?page=33","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1612,"wd":"1594–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1594,"wt":1629},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1590,"ye":null,"t":"Lectures of the Florentine Academy","a":"Benedetto Varchi","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"He was placed in the middle of the great animal, like the Heart in the middle of the small animal.","why":"The universe is explicitly characterized as 'the great animal' with the Sun placed as its heart.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1ddd5a205bd982d827bb6?page=469","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":1542,"wd":"1518–1565, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1518,"wt":1565},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus","a":"Hermes, Trismegistus, ca. 2./4. Jh.","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"sun","s":"soul-form","q":"But the Orphics say that the sphere of the Sun has a soul, more excellent than other celestial souls, which exercises its intellect primarily through the globe of the Sun, and vision—the intellect indeed through the intelligible light existing in the very center of the Sun, but vis","why":"The text explicitly states that the sphere of the Sun and other celestial spheres have souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e1fefd8df28f2db123d?page=80","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus","a":"Hermes, Trismegistus, ca. 2./4. Jh.","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The doctrine among the Peripatetics regarding the end of the motion by which intelligences move the spheres is clear.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses intelligences and souls moving celestial spheres, meeting the criterion for spheres being soul-moved.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e1fefd8df28f2db123d?page=336","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus","a":"Hermes, Trismegistus, ca. 2./4. Jh.","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"\"This whole animal,\" he says, \"which God intended to be as perfect as possible and composed of perfect parts, He willed to be one, with nothing left outside from which another could be generated.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the cosmos as 'This whole animal' in describing Plato's account of the world.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e1fefd8df28f2db123d?page=332","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1800,"ye":null,"t":"Ch驶angny艔ng S艔ng Ssi kas怒ng, Naep锟斤拷y锟斤拷n v. 1, 3, 4; oep锟斤拷y锟斤拷n v. 1-3; pop锟斤拷y锟斤拷n v. 1-4; yugo v. 1-4; Ch锟","a":"Unknown","lg":"Korean","tr":"neo-confucian","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"My heart was dead while my body remained as I walked through the desolate mountains.","why":"The author describes feeling dead inside while physically living ('My heart was dead while my body remained').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33ea0876dd827cbc5fc28?page=448","fm":false,"d":"numbness","ln":"lexical","ph":"heart was dead","yw":1800,"wd":"c. 1700–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1800},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Illustrated Complete Works of M. Y. Lermontov, Vol. 5: Dramas","a":"Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"Why are the most ordinary feelings so dead within me?","why":"The speaker describes internal emotional numbness from the inside, asking why ordinary feelings are dead within him and his heart motionless.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af10c4d5d111f99e41c6b1?page=389","fm":false,"d":"numbness","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead within me","yw":1835,"wd":"1829–1841, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1829,"wt":1841},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1637,"ye":null,"t":"Notes on Physics","a":"Daniel Sennert","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Moreover, the spirit <term>original: spiritus; in this context, a subtle, material substance that acts as a bridge between the soul and the physical body, or between the heavens and the earth.</term> that carries the world, diffused from the heavens throughout the entire universe, imparts these forms to all things, along with their specific nature and a native and vital heat <note>A fundamental concept in Galenic medicine and Aristotelian biology; it is the internal warmth that maintains life.</note> suited to generating and preserving them.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a spirit (spiritus) diffused throughout the universe imparts vital heat and nourishes things with life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699201787c226bdd25f98e27?page=174","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":1612,"wd":"1587–1637, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1587,"wt":1637},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1652,"ye":null,"t":"Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν (Meditationes)","a":"Marcus Aurelius","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"In the world as one living being","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world/cosmos is a living, rational being endowed with a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e8b2352ff2a8dc09e76de6?page=351","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":158,"wd":"136–180, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":136,"wt":180},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1669,"ye":null,"t":"De physiologia christiana, et theologia gentili liber V. VI. VII. VIII. & IX","a":"Vossius, Gerardus Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"They truly live through the soul they have received, so that they may be nourished, increased, and generate.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that plants live through the soul they have received.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c89fe06c6f3cc53c85de54?page=15","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1621,"wd":"1592–1649, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1649},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1669,"ye":null,"t":"De physiologia christiana, et theologia gentili liber V. VI. VII. VIII. & IX","a":"Vossius, Gerardus Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For the world is called by them zōon, that is, an \"animal\" <gloss>a living being</gloss>; and it is not only called \"animated\" <note>original: \"empsychon\"</note>,","why":"The passage explicitly states the Stoics held the world to be a living being (zōon) animated and informed by God (empsychon).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c89fe06c6f3cc53c85de54","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1621,"wd":"1592–1649, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1649},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1560,"ye":null,"t":"Scholia on the Timaeus of Plato","a":"Plato, v427-v347","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Just as by the benefit of the soul of the world individual parts keep themselves perpetually in their duty, so the soul ought to direct and move the whole so that no part grows languid in torpor and idleness.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the cosmos having a soul (\"soul of the world\") that keeps its parts in their duty.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51eba768235dc659980b6?page=136","fm":false,"d":"torpor","ln":"lexical","ph":"torpor","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1560,"ye":null,"t":"Scholia on the Timaeus of Plato","a":"Plato, v427-v347","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Where you will observe first in man the body mixed from the four elements, then the heat and celestial spirit, then the vegetative soul of plants, besides that the sense of brute animals: to these, the angelic mind and the likeness and image of God, and therefore that he is rightly called a <term>microcosmos</term> <gloss>little world</gloss>.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that plants possess a vegetative soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51eba768235dc659980b6?page=23","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1560,"ye":null,"t":"Scholia on the Timaeus of Plato","a":"Plato, v427-v347","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The world is a thing constituted from heaven and earth and middle natures, water and air, having diffused through all these things a prince and first-born spirit, which the offspring of philosophers calls the soul.","why":"The passage explicitly cites Galen defining the world as animated and ensouled by a diffused spirit called the soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51eba768235dc659980b6?page=32","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1742,"ye":null,"t":"Critical History of Philosophy","a":"Johann Jakob Brucker","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"that a vacuum is necessary so that the sky may breathe from an infinite spirit, which assumes a divine fire lying hidden in the world.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the soul of the world and states that the sky breathes from an infinite spirit animative of the cosmos.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae9bcff3bd47924cacc93e?page=1101","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1727,"wd":"1711–1742, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1711,"wt":1742},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1522,"ye":null,"t":"Pimander. Asclepius. Crater Hermetis","a":"Hermes Trismegistus|Lazarelli, Ludovico","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"I mean animated statues, full of sense and spirit, performing such great and such kinds of things.","why":"The text explicitly describes statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c846296c6f3cc53c8516d9?page=104","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Perkins, William: De Casibus Conscientiae libri tres","a":"Perkins, William","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"The second accident is that they find themselves oppressed by sorrow, sickness, and torpor of spirit, and their minds full of idle thoughts, vague inventions, and phantasms.","why":"The passage describes believers experiencing oppression by torpor of spirit and mental wanderings, directly meeting the criterion for feeling dead inside (torpor).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a51d66d361684666359655d?page=280","fm":false,"d":"torpor","ln":"lexical","ph":"torpor","yw":1606,"wd":"1606","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1606,"wt":1606},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett from the Mahatmas M. & K. H.","a":"Alfred Percy Sinnett","lg":"English","tr":"theosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"other","q":"Well, we believe in the much-laughed-at phlogiston (see the article \"What is force and what is matter?\" in the Theosophist, September), and in what some natural philosophers would call nisus — the incessant, though perfectly imperceptible to the ordinary senses, motion or efforts our body is making on another—the pulsations of inert matter—its life.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes life to inert matter in its incessant pulsations and motion.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dc23be39623978967d7775?page=100","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"inert matter","yw":1888,"wd":"1855–1921, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1855,"wt":1921},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1586,"ye":null,"t":"Oeuvres spirituelles","a":"Seuse, Heinrich","lg":"French","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"soul-mind","s":"god-divine","q":"Almost continually he was pressed by such a great heaviness of spirit, as if he were carrying an entire mountain in his heart.","why":"Describes an inner experience of excessive sadness and great heaviness of spirit like carrying a mountain in the heart (melancholy heaviness).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c805766c6f3cc53c8451e8","fm":true,"d":"torpor","ln":"lexical","ph":"heaviness of spirit","yw":1338,"wd":"1310–1366, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1310,"wt":1366},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1919,"ye":null,"t":"The works of Thomas Vaughan: Eugenius Philalethes","a":"Vaughan, Thomas","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"soul-mind","s":"sympathy-love","q":"We see in the great body of Nature that in turbulent weather, when the sun is shut up and clouded, the air is thick and dull, and our own spirits—by a secret sympathy with the spirit of the air—are dull too.","why":"The passage explicitly posits a vital 'spirit of the air' within the body of Nature acting in sympathy upon animal spirits.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c893346c6f3cc53c85be3b","fm":true,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1651,"wd":"1636–1666, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1636,"wt":1666},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1667,"ye":null,"t":"Triple Hermetic Cloverleaf","a":"Nuysement, Clovis Hesteau de|Norton, Samuel|Ficino, Marsilio","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"There is a general World-Soul. 7. This is entirely full of life.","why":"The text explicitly asserts a general World-Soul that is entirely full of life and called an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b079957403b932c4a76b3?page=589","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1592,"wd":"1516–1667, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1516,"wt":1667},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1589,"ye":null,"t":"Erster [- zehender] Theil der Bücher und Schrifften des edlen, hochgelehrten und bewehrten philosophi und medi","a":"Paracelsus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Not from the earth, but from the water grow the stones of the earth; they are like the ore of the water.","why":"The text explicitly states that stones grow ('from the water grow the stones of the earth'), matching the criterion that stones or metals grow.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9d546120d54bd0375241?page=352","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1589,"ye":null,"t":"Erster [- zehender] Theil der Bücher und Schrifften des edlen, hochgelehrten und bewehrten philosophi und medi","a":"Paracelsus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"For since the world—the parent of man—possesses such four elemental spirits within itself, where one part and race dwells in the water; the second race dwells in the fire, as the Penates and Salamanders; the third in the air, as the Sylvestres; the fourth in the earth, as Gnomes, Lemures, Pygmies, Schrötlein, and the like; and the fifth part and race, of which many thousands are found, having more than many thousands of races under them, as you will find and read more extensively in my Philosophia de Anima Mundi.","why":"The passage directly attributes elemental spirits and a soul (Anima Mundi / Anima Macrocosmi) to the world.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9d546120d54bd0375241?page=688","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1684,"ye":null,"t":"Opera omnia medico-chymica","a":"Hartmann, Johann","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"III. Anima Mundi <gloss>Soul of the World</gloss>: which is the blessed greenness, making all things germinate, the Green Lion <gloss>a symbol for the raw, acidic energy of nature or unrefined mineral ore</gloss>.","why":"The text explicitly posits the Anima Mundi (Soul of the World) as a universal principle that ensouls and animates all things to germinate.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7bb1525ec2ba5ccd7f9e4","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1630,"wd":"c. 1610–1631","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1610,"wt":1631},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1559,"ye":null,"t":"Platonic Theology on the Immortality of Souls","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Through the soul, I say, of its sphere: which, just as a magnet [attracts] iron, so it recalls the particles of its sphere to itself.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that spheres and the world possess souls that move and attract elements.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69520603ab34727b1f042f59?page=187","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1474,"wd":"1448–1499, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1491,"ye":null,"t":"Platonic Theology","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"So also we conjecture that spiritual light is present in the celestial souls, from the very light of the stars, which is an image of it.","why":"Ficino explicitly affirms that celestial bodies are ensouled by referring directly to 'celestial souls' and stating heaven is a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69592b207c072c27f686dd71?page=248","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1474,"wd":"1448–1499, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1559,"ye":null,"t":"Platonic Theology on the Immortality of Souls","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The same emanates through the idols of elemental souls and the natures of the elements, until it strikes the idol of our soul, and simultaneously the nature of our humors.","why":"The passage explicitly treats the elements and heavens as ensouled by referring to 'elemental souls' and 'celestial souls'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69520603ab34727b1f042f59?page=511","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1474,"wd":"1448–1499, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1491,"ye":null,"t":"Platonic Theology","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Certainly, a certain harmony is made from all the members of the worldly animal, through which individual things are consonant everywhere with individual things and with the universe.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the cosmos as the 'worldly animal' and attributes to it 'the soul of the world itself'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69592b207c072c27f686dd71?page=720","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1474,"wd":"1448–1499, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1662,"ye":null,"t":"Reflections on God and Religion","a":"Vondel, Joost van den","lg":"Dutch","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The Soul of the world, flowing from the Mind of the Good like a ray of light, shines powerfully with its beam through all things, sustaining and giving life to the whole.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the world has a Soul that sustains and gives life to the whole.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697704f48434ac5a1c2d966d?page=223","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1632,"wd":"1602–1662, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1602,"wt":1662},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1572,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Authors of the Gold-Making Art","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"...and that the stars are living beings, and that the souls of things are intelligent, participating in the divine mind.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the stars are living beings and that the souls of things are intelligent.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6975158ea88d83c830d99e3c?page=667","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1572,"wd":"c. 1150–1572","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1150,"wt":1572},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1572,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Authors of the Gold-Making Art","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"the soul of the world 631. 634 <term>anima mundi: the vital spirit thought to be infused by God into all material things</term>","why":"The text explicitly lists 'the soul of the world', directly attributing a soul to the cosmos.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6975158ea88d83c830d99e3c?page=708","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1572,"wd":"c. 1150–1572","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1150,"wt":1572},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1638,"ye":null,"t":"Mosaic Philosophy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"so that, just as God, through the effusion of His vivifying and all-operating spirit into the world, made its humid and passive nature operate; and that mundane spirit so animated, whose divine power is poured into the whole and into each of its parts with its own internal nature-giving nature, is not without reason called the universal soul","why":"The text explicitly states that a vivifying spirit animates the world and constitutes its universal soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dc2768235dc65987739?page=166","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1638,"wd":"1638","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1638,"wt":1638},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1638,"ye":null,"t":"Mosaic Philosophy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"sympathy-love","q":"For, as all joy and hope proceed from concupiscence, because nature rejoices in its own nature, etc., and therefore by the vivid union of emanation, death or the spirit frozen in the Ointment is vegetated and vivified","why":"The passage explicitly states that a vital emanation vegetates and vivifies the spirit frozen in the ointment.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dc2768235dc65987739?page=302","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"sympathy and antipathy","yw":1638,"wd":"1638","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1638,"wt":1638},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"Dissertatio de vita et scriptis Porphyrii","a":"Holstein, Lucas","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"For because the cosmic body is perfect, it is led back to the soul, which is endowed with intellect.","why":"The text explicitly states that the cosmic body is led back to the intellect-endowed soul (causing circular motion) and directly refers to the 'soul of the world'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c872fa6c6f3cc53c8579c3?page=84","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1621,"wd":"1611–1630, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1611,"wt":1630},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"Dissertatio de vita et scriptis Porphyrii","a":"Holstein, Lucas","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"They called it this because matter is inert and idle, yet it receives the impression of form.","why":"The text explicitly describes matter as inert and idle.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c872fa6c6f3cc53c8579c3","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1621,"wd":"1611–1630, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1611,"wt":1630},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1881,"ye":null,"t":"Fragments of Greek Philosophers","a":"Mullach, F. W. A. (Friedrich Wilhelm August), b. 1807","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"He made this world, therefore, from all the matter, establishing it as the limit of the nature of being because it contains all other things in itself: it is one, unique, perfect, animate, and rational.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the world is animate (ensouled/living) and rational.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3f02bb97e91e1768f68204?page=147","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":-450,"wd":"c. 600–300 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-600,"wt":-300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1638,"ye":null,"t":"Mosaic Philosophy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"From this it is argued that the wind is moved and animated by that Angelic Cherub, who is the most essential spirit and the very nature of the air.","why":"The text explicitly states that wind is moved and animated by an angelic spirit as its internal nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e8498a2f054f912420c5?page=116","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1638,"wd":"1638","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1638,"wt":1638},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1638,"ye":null,"t":"Mosaic Philosophy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"From these things, therefore, it is clear what the World Soul is: namely, that holy emanation thus clothed in the spirit of the heavens, a Divine irradiation penetrating through the second gate, Hochma, which is sent forth from the divine name Iah.","why":"The text explicitly identifies and defines the World Soul (Anima Mundi) as a holy emanation animating the heavens with rays of life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e8498a2f054f912420c5?page=221","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1638,"wd":"1638","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1638,"wt":1638},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1621,"ye":null,"t":"On the Preternatural History of Both Worlds","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"He perceives, therefore, what that Soul of the World <note>The Anima Mundi, a concept in Neoplatonism suggesting an intrinsic spirit that connects all living things and the cosmos.</note> is—so celebrated by the ancient Philosophers and Theosophers that they placed it in the sun, not without reason.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the existence of the 'Soul of the World' (anima mundi) and a vital breath/fiery vigor animating created things.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6985ca7130d79dd170ec623f?page=248","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"breath of life","yw":1605,"wd":"1589–1621, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1621},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"Most Celebrated Questions on Genesis","a":"Marin Mersenne","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"They believed that neither the earth, nor the other elements, nor the heavens are animated.","why":"The text explicitly defends the 'true opinion' that neither the earth, elements, nor heavens are animated or moved by an internal vital principle.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0da19f13b61d0a6c5b8b?page=491","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1613,"wd":"1603–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1603,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1751,"ye":null,"t":"Minor Works on Theological, Historical, and Philosophical Subjects, Volume 1","a":"Zimmermann, Johann Jacob","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Plato calls not only the soul driving the sun a \"God,\" but also the other intellectual substances assigned to specific stars; thus he recognizes innumerable substances that are very different from one another.","why":"The text explicitly discusses the sun being driven by a soul and stars having souls or intellectual substances assigned to them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6909d654cf28baa1b4cb0269","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1675,"wd":"1657–1693, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1657,"wt":1693},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1751,"ye":null,"t":"Minor Works on Theological, Historical, and Philosophical Subjects, Volume 1","a":"Zimmermann, Johann Jacob","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"From this it is clear that the soul of the world—insofar as it is clothed in a certain thin vehicle—is suited for carrying out the swiftest operations within bodies.","why":"The text directly affirms the existence and functioning of the soul of the world operating within bodies.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6909d654cf28baa1b4cb0269","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1675,"wd":"1657–1693, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1657,"wt":1693},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1751,"ye":null,"t":"Minor Works on Theological, Historical, and Philosophical Subjects, Volume 1","a":"Zimmermann, Johann Jacob","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"This entered the world, which is called the <term>monogenes</term> <gloss>only-begotten</gloss> of God, so that it might turn out <term>psychikos kai logikos</term> <gloss>animated and rational</gloss>.","why":"The passage states outright that the principle entered the world so that it would be animated and rational (psychikos kai logikos), explicitly referencing the soul of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6909d654cf28baa1b4cb0269?page=809","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1675,"wd":"1657–1693, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1657,"wt":1693},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1616,"ye":null,"t":"On the Hyleal, That Is, the Prime-Material Universal Natural Chaos of Nature-Conforming Alchemy and Alchemists","a":"Khunrath, Heinrich","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"In IT is the life and SOUL of the world, and the life of the world is the light of NATURE.","why":"The passage states outright that the world has a soul and life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51d69261c58d63664a5a4?page=98","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1590,"wd":"1575–1605, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1605},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1751,"ye":null,"t":"Minor Works on Theological, Historical, and Philosophical Subjects, Volume 1","a":"Zimmermann, Johann Jacob","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"He recognized that matter is inert in itself, even though it is eternal.","why":"The text explicitly states Plato recognized that matter is inert in itself.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6909d654cf28baa1b4cb0269?page=851","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1675,"wd":"1657–1693, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1657,"wt":1693},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1874,"ye":null,"t":"Confucian Cosmogony","a":"Zhu Xi","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"\"The Air of Anaximenes <note>An ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher</note> is a subtle ether animated with a Divine principle, whence it becomes the origin of all beings.\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes Anaximenes' Air as a subtle ether animated with a Divine principle.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695580ac57e3b773024f5c37?page=150","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1173,"wd":"1145–1200, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1145,"wt":1200},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1666,"ye":null,"t":"Obeliscus Aegyptiacus","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sympathy-love","q":"for Love, which is the desire for the good, not only lowers its rays toward things below, that it may vivify all things; but also, by natural virtue or the magical affinity of natures, draws them upward and compels them into mutual embraces through a full conversion: for thus the progress or descent from God—or, to speak in the Platonic manner, the Soul of the World—is diffused through all the things of the World down to matter, which process and descent the pyramidal letter A aptly represents.","why":"The text explicitly describes the Platonic 'Soul of the World' diffusing through all worldly things down to matter to vivify them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0a0803e79fb33525bfff?page=111","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1641,"wd":"1616–1666, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1666},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, care is given so that we contemplate the souls of the stars more than their bodies: the super-celestial intellectual world more than the celestial corporeal one: since the former is more noble, although this one also exists as significant and preliminary to that: and without this medium, one cannot attain the influx of that superior one.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stars possess souls ('souls of the stars', soul of the Sun).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e15261c58d63664f304?page=370","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"In the intellectual world  Soul of the world  One supreme intelligence, the first creature, the fountain of lives.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the Soul of the world as the fountain of lives.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e15261c58d63664f304?page=208","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the world","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"That the heavens, therefore, and celestial bodies are animated by certain divine souls is the opinion not only of poets and philosophers, but also the assertion of the sacred scriptures and Catholic theologians.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the heavens and celestial bodies are animated by divine souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e15261c58d63664f304?page=421","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1616,"ye":null,"t":"Opera. Bücher und Schrifften","a":"Paracelsus, Theophrastus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For this reason, the sand and many such stones grow daily, and increase as the Meteorica shows.","why":"The text explicitly states that sand and stones grow daily and increase.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c80dd96c6f3cc53c846e1f?page=54","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"soul-mind","s":"soul-form","q":"some fiery, some watery, some airy, some earthy, which four species of demons are counted according to the four powers of the celestial souls: mind, reason, imagination, and the nature that is vivifying and motive.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms celestial souls possessing a vivifying and motive nature that animates celestial bodies and influences the elements.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e15261c58d63664f304?page=425","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1557,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola","a":"Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"Therefore, God added to the celestial machine a living and rational substance, a participant of intellect: and for that reason, he did not wish it to be in his own image and likeness to rule over those living things of which we spoke a little before, that is, over all the sidereal signs and Planets, which are moved by its nod and obey its word in such a way that there is no delay, no contumacy: which does not happen in the same way with the brute bodies of the elements.","why":"The passage directly asserts that God added a living and rational substance to the celestial machine and affirms the soul of heaven moves the planets.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e3eff09e4fe943aa31a?page=57","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1486,"wd":"1478–1494, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1478,"wt":1494},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1541,"ye":null,"t":"Dialogi di amore, composti per Leone medico, di natione hebreo, et dipoi fatto christiano.","a":"Judah Leon Abravanel","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The soul is that from which the celestial motion proceeds and which provides for and governs the nature of the inferior world, as nature governs the first matter in it.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that celestial motion proceeds from soul and refers directly to the world-soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0854f949638a50931c0e5b?page=125","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1503,"wd":"1475–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1475,"wt":1530},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1633,"ye":null,"t":"Fludd, Robert: Clavis Philosophiae Et Alchymiae Fluddanae. Sive Roberti Fluddi Armigeri, Et Medicinae Doctoris","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"god-divine","q":"We conclude, therefore, that any composite thing whatever has its own life or soul; even if that soul in some things is deep, imperceptible, and extremely hidden—on account of the compact nature of its body, as in minerals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that every composite thing, including minerals and stones, possesses its own life or soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a26c2e4aad44c98627c69ce?page=70","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1611,"wd":"1589–1633, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1633},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus Diadochus","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"We shall make it clear that the whole is a living being.","why":"The text explicitly states that the whole is a living being possessing a soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69557474f63a7571091734e4?page=444","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"natural sympathy","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"Four Books Against the Calumniator of Plato","a":"Cardinal Bessarion","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Why the world is a living being","why":"The chapter title explicitly states that the world is a living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aea7f6d9729ce38747ed55?page=8","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1445,"wd":"1418–1472, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1418,"wt":1472},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus Diadochus","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"The earth, then, being a divine animal and a fullness of intellectual and psychic essences and immaterial powers, must be understood in a higher way.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Earth is a divine animal endowed with both a soul and an intellect.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69557474f63a7571091734e4?page=765","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"Four Books Against the Calumniator of Plato","a":"Cardinal Bessarion","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"Plato indeed says that both the body and the soul of the heavens were established by God, even though he does not think the heaven or the soul were established by that kind of pre-existence that is separated by the logic of time and moti","why":"The passage explicitly states that the heavens possess both a body and a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aea7f6d9729ce38747ed55?page=56","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1445,"wd":"1418–1472, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1418,"wt":1472},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1830,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Works of Giordano Bruno the Nolan","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Now, regarding the effective cause, I say that the universal efficient cause is the universal intellect, which is the primary and principal faculty of the soul of the world, which itself is the world's universal form.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the cosmos possesses a soul ('soul of the world').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952dbc477f38f6761bc75f1?page=277","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1582,"wd":"1563–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1563,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1830,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Works of Giordano Bruno the Nolan","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"god-divine","q":"It teaches us not to think any longer that she is a body without soul and life, or even the dregs among corporal substances.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the Earth is not without soul and life, stating she is an ensouled and living body.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952dbc477f38f6761bc75f1?page=172","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1582,"wd":"1563–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1563,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1528,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Dream of Scipio; Saturnalia","a":"Macrobius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Moreover, the soul of the world itself ministers life to all living things.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts the existence of a world-soul by which the universe is animated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00ed8312120db3b489ffe?page=174","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1525,"ye":null,"t":"Platonic Theology on the Immortality of Souls","a":"Ficino, Marsilio (1433-1499)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"All these things signify that throughout the earth and water, there is a certain artful and vital nature.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that an artful and vital nature containing spiritual and life-giving seeds exists throughout earth and water.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/694f397b53410e29f94e13ea?page=100","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1474,"wd":"1448–1499, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1557,"ye":null,"t":"De rerum varietate","a":"Cardano, Girolamo","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"soul-mind","s":"soul-form","q":"The smaller it is—if that which is entirely void of size can be called small—the more excellent it is, as it is a part of the world soul itself.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the 'world soul itself', affirming that the cosmos has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8001f6c6f3cc53c843e25?page=329","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1537,"wd":"1516–1557, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1557},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Paracelsus in Arabic: Kīmiyā al-Malakīyah (Royal Chemistry)","a":"Paracelsus; Salih ibn Nasrallah ibn Sallum","lg":"Arabic","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"If this is so, then all things are full of soul.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that all things are full of soul and affirms the doctrine of an ensouled world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4189ce9bfda40a8a6c7b9?page=21","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1565,"ye":null,"t":"Dialogues of Love","a":"Abrabanel, Jehuda","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"This happens not only in the Soul of the World <note>original: \"anima del mondo\"; the Anima Mundi, a Platonic concept of a cosmic soul that animates the entire universe</note>, but also...","why":"The text explicitly asserts the existence of the 'Soul of the World' (anima del mondo), attributing a soul to the cosmos/world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a42340d0e32a21b277187?page=245","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1503,"wd":"1475–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1475,"wt":1530},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1025,"ye":null,"t":"Plato & Apuleius Compendium, 11th-Century Manuscript","a":"Plato; Apuleius; Calcidius; Cicero","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"He said these things, and finally, pouring back the remnants of the previous mixture, from which he had blended the world-soul, into the same vessel <note>original: \"crateris\"</note>, he began to mix the world of the same kind and by the same reason.","why":"The text explicitly refers to the creation and existence of the 'world-soul', stating the cosmos possesses a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b3f71fa107e55a0ee1b459?page=60","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":-359,"wd":"359 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-359,"wt":-359},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1541,"ye":null,"t":"Dialogues of Love","a":"Abrabanel, Jehuda","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"She loves and gives life to that body, even though it is less noble and inferior to her (because the body is matter while she is intellect).","why":"The passage explicitly states that the intellectual soul moves and gives life to the celestial body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a49d4c915282d8f071f65?page=208","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1503,"wd":"1475–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1475,"wt":1530},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1541,"ye":null,"t":"Dialogues of Love","a":"Abrabanel, Jehuda","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"And that beauty which is acquired through hearing is the image of the beauty of the World Soul; for it consists in concordance, harmony, and order, just as the forms exist in that [ordered] union.","why":"The text explicitly posits the World Soul, affirming that the cosmos is ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a49d4c915282d8f071f65?page=422","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1503,"wd":"1475–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1475,"wt":1530},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1565,"ye":null,"t":"Dialogues of Love","a":"Abrabanel, Jehuda","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"You know that corporeal beauties are formal graces; and I have already told you that all abstract forms, in a connective order, are found spiritually in the World Soul <note>The \"World Soul\" (Anima Mundi) is a Neoplatonic concept of a cosmic spirit that bridges the gap between the divine intellect and the material world.</note>, of which our rational soul is an image.","why":"The passage affirms the existence of the World Soul, explicitly attributing a soul to the cosmos.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a42340d0e32a21b277187?page=421","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1503,"wd":"1475–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1475,"wt":1530},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander, Asclepius, and On the Mysteries","a":"Hermes Trismegistus | Jamblichus | Proclus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The souls of the stars also stir the sight in certain new ways.","why":"The text explicitly refers to the 'souls of the stars', affirming that celestial bodies are ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/68fb0dc412055a03a58d3281","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":300,"wd":"c. 100-450 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":450},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1607,"ye":null,"t":"Della Porta Magia Naturalis (German 1713)","a":"Giambattista Della Porta","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"From whence red gold and iron receive their hidden seeds <note>The author refers to the alchemical belief that metals \"grow\" in the earth from seeds or vapors, much like plants.</note>:","why":"The text explicitly refers to red gold and iron receiving their hidden seeds, attributing seeds to metals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695592ca7bd6d2cd1d61b2d0?page=24","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1583,"wd":"1550–1615, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1550,"wt":1615},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1607,"ye":null,"t":"Della Porta Magia Naturalis (German 1713)","a":"Giambattista Della Porta","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"For where a material is presented to the higher powers in such a way—as a mirror-glass to the face, or an opposing wall to the voice—it immediately perceives from the heights the movement of the exceedingly powerful-working spirit, by means of the wonderful power and life that is present everywhere.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms a pervasive life and an active, powerful-working spirit present everywhere that animates material things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695592ca7bd6d2cd1d61b2d0?page=74","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1583,"wd":"1550–1615, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1550,"wt":1615},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander, Asclepius, and On the Mysteries","a":"Hermes Trismegistus | Jamblichus | Proclus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"I mean statues <term>animated</term> <note>original: \"animatas\"; referring to the ancient practice of theurgy, where rituals were believed to draw divine souls into physical idols</note> with sense and full of spirit, doing such great and marvelous things; statues with foreknowledge of the future, predicting it perhaps by prophets, by dreams, and by many other things; statues that bring weaknesses to humans and cure them, and bring sadness according to their merits.","why":"Statues are explicitly described as animated with sense and full of spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/68fb0dc412055a03a58d3281","fm":true,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":300,"wd":"c. 100-450 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":450},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander, Asclepius, and On the Mysteries","a":"Hermes Trismegistus | Jamblichus | Proclus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For this is the life of God, this is His action: to set all things in motion and to breathe life into all.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that God's action is to set all things in motion and breathe life into all.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/68fb0dc412055a03a58d3281","fm":true,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":300,"wd":"c. 100-450 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":450},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1783,"ye":null,"t":"Horus, or the Astrognostic Final Judgment","a":"[Wünsch, Christian Ernst]","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"We shall see hereafter that bodies actually do not act by themselves at all, nor do they produce any effects themselves, but are always driven or moved by particular, incomprehensible forces; they always conduct themselves passively, never actively.","why":"The text explicitly argues that bodies and matter do not act by themselves and are entirely passive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23c9a2b46f2d5c1bfa93?page=573","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1771,"wd":"1759–1783, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1759,"wt":1783},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1783,"ye":null,"t":"Horus, or the Astrognostic Final Judgment","a":"[Wünsch, Christian Ernst]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Here, the two interlaced equilateral triangles signify the four elements, or the Tetrad <term>Tetras: the number four, representing the material world and the four classical elements</term>, upon which the sphere of light, the Monad <term>Monas: the number one, representing divine unity or the primal source</term>, the World Soul <note>original: Weltseele; the spiritual essence believed to animate the physical universe.</note>, and the universal force of nature constantly act to continuously form new products of nature.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the operation of the World Soul (Weltseele) acting upon the elements to generate the products of nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23c9a2b46f2d5c1bfa93?page=168","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1771,"wd":"1759–1783, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1759,"wt":1783},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1542,"ye":null,"t":"The City of God","a":"Augustine of Hippo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Plato, in the Timaeus, says that the world-soul was placed in the center by the supreme God, from there extended in a circuit through the universe, and through this conversion, the soul and life were poured into the body of the world, divine, everlasting, and wise.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the world-soul was placed in the center and that soul and life were poured into the body of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2fffee5d6d64d8e197d97?page=360","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":400,"wd":"369–430, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":369,"wt":430},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1491,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Plato","a":"Plato","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Wishing, therefore, to render this world similar to the most beautiful and absolutely perfect living creature that can be understood, God made it one single living creature, containing within itself all living things that are subject to sight.","why":"The text explicitly states that God placed a soul in the world and made the cosmos one single living creature.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb331040d1d5e20b3547?page=523","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1491,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Plato","a":"Plato","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The heaven is moved by fate and innate desire.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the celestial spheres and heaven as moved by celestial souls through innate desire and appetite.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb331040d1d5e20b3547?page=725","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1520,"ye":null,"t":"Proclus Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"let us say that the soul of the universe, having the ratios of all worldly and planetary substances, it is necessary not only to have the intellectual causes of man and horse and other animals, but even before these, of the whole of the world's parts, that which is erratic and not erratic, and [the] duality which is in it, and substantially and celestially [the] division into two, and before the seven erratic [circles], to be a true septenary existing before those things which appear in it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe has a soul ('the soul of the universe') containing the causes of worldly parts.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b3f732a107e55a0ee1bc8a?page=613","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1635,"ye":null,"t":"Cabalistic Disputation on the Soul","a":"Israel ben Moses","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Three daughters or powers of the World Soul 307","why":"The index entry explicitly refers to the 'World Soul', confirming the doctrine that the cosmos possesses a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a7087367f907242581fe3?page=732","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1635,"wd":"1635","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1635,"wt":1635},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1529,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books on Life","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"The life of the world, indeed, is implanted in all things, [and] is evidently propagated into herbs and trees, as if they were the hairs and locks of its own body.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a common life and spirit of the world animates all things, including stones, metals, and the elements.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6969262b4fa3b04c6de87333?page=200","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1658,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Volume Two","a":"Pierre Gassendi","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"It is enough to know here that if the soul is nothing other than a most choice \"flower\" of a very subtle and active substance diffused through the plant, which vivifies the plant by its continuous motion just as light illuminates a room as long as it moves within it, then that substance does not perish.","why":"The passage affirms that plants feel injuries and possess a soul that vivifies them through continuous motion.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ac8521960d5ad0b47315ab?page=197","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1655,"wd":"c. 1640-1655","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1640,"wt":1655},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1658,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Volume Two","a":"Pierre Gassendi","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"A stone-forming juice or a stone-seed can grow over time into specific stones.","why":"The passage explicitly states that a stone-seed can grow over time into stones.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ac8521960d5ad0b47315ab?page=126","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1655,"wd":"c. 1640-1655","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1640,"wt":1655},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Timaeus","a":"Proclus (Thomas Taylor, trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"For he grants that the universe is animated, and is divine for this reason.","why":"The text explicitly states that the universe is animated (ensouled) and possesses life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699067e58da6face82f777b5?page=26","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1658,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Volume Two","a":"Pierre Gassendi","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Wherefore, that we may now speak of those others who also held it to be incorporeal: behold first Pythagoras, Plato, and nearly all those who judged both that the World is animate and that individual souls are particles of the World Soul; they thus made our Souls composed of two parts, just like the World Soul itself.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Pythagoras and Plato judged the World to be animate and possessed of a World Soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ac8521960d5ad0b47315ab?page=433","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1655,"wd":"c. 1640-1655","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1640,"wt":1655},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1583,"ye":null,"t":"M. Tullius Cicero Mannucciorum commentariis illustratus antiquaeq. lectioni restitutus. .. M. Tullii Ciceronis","a":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, the Urania muse is the same as the soul of the starry heaven, just as Polymnia is the soul of Saturn’s heaven, Terpsichore of Jupiter’s, Clio of Mars’s, Melpomene of the Sun’s, Erato of Venus’s, Euterpe of Mercury’s, and Thalia of the Moon’s.","why":"The text explicitly identifies the Muses with the world-soul and assigns souls to the heavenly spheres (starry heaven, Saturn, Jupiter, etc.).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a084f0915c643eb1af43677?page=119","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":-66,"wd":"91–42 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-91,"wt":-42},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Timaeus","a":"Proclus (Thomas Taylor, trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"He believed that a living thing is better than a lifeless one, and an intellectual being is better than one without intellect.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe was created as a living being endowed with soul and physical life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699067e58da6face82f777b5?page=41","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Timaeus","a":"Proclus (Thomas Taylor, trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore the whole Earth is, as Plato says, a living being.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Earth is an ensouled living being possessing a divine soul and intellect.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699067e58da6face82f777b5?page=292","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1857,"ye":null,"t":"Theoretischer und praktischer Unterricht ueber das Buch Thot","a":"[Alliette, Jean-Baptiste]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Proof that the World Soul, as well as the souls of the celestial bodies, are rational and participate in the divine intellect.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the World Soul and that celestial bodies have rational souls participating in divine intellect.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88c706c6f3cc53c85ac11","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world soul","yw":1772,"wd":"1753–1791, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1753,"wt":1791},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1489,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books on Life","a":"Ficino, Marsilio (1433-1499)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"In a similar way, the <term>World Soul: <note>original: \"anima mundi\"; the vital spirit that animates the entire universe.</note></term>, thriving everywhere, unfolds its power of common life in all places, primarily through the sun.","why":"The text explicitly affirms that the cosmos has a World Soul unfolding common life throughout all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/694f396c23a1d0c2ad1d8698?page=93","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Isis Unveiled Vol. II - Theology","a":"H.P. Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Philosophers say the first air is anima mundi <note>The world-soul; the vital principle of the universe</note>.","why":"The text explicitly equates the first air with the anima mundi, glossed as the world-soul or vital principle of the universe.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e33877f38f6761bec1fa?page=246","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1869,"wd":"1846–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1891},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1498,"ye":null,"t":"The Consolation of Philosophy","a":"Boethius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Second, from the production of the soul of the world.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the production of the soul of the world, directly stating that the cosmos has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc8bf1040d1d5e209c385?page=186","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":507,"wd":"485–529, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":485,"wt":529},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1529,"ye":null,"t":"The City of God","a":"Augustine of Hippo","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"Do you see statues, O Asclepius—lest you yourself doubt—animated statues, full of sense and spirit, doing such and such things?","why":"The text explicitly describes statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2ff525545150b61b4795c?page=153","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":400,"wd":"369–430, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":369,"wt":430},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Orphic Fragments","a":"Otto Kern (ed.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The disciples of Orpheus^4^ are read to have interpreted this fiction, asserting that Bacchus is to be understood^5^ as nothing other than the World Soul <note>original: anima mundi</note>; which, as the philosophers say, although it is divided as if^6^ into members through the bodies of the world, nevertheless always seems to reintegrate itself^7^, emerging^8^ from bodies and forming itself^9^, while always remaining one and the same, suffering no^10^ cutting of its simple nature.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the World Soul (anima mundi) divided through the bodies of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69557478f63a7571091738aa?page=249","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1900,"wd":"1878–1922, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1878,"wt":1922},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"Amphitheatre of Anatomy","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"I say the same Music is truly in all things, just as the same World Soul <note>original: Anima mundi — the vital force that Fludd believed animated the entire universe like a single living creature.</note> is generally speaking;","why":"Fludd explicitly affirms that the World Soul is in all things.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695591c87bd6d2cd1d61978b?page=304","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1606,"wd":"1589–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The Platonists think the sphere of the Sun is the sight of its own soul, and likewise, the other spheres and globes are the sights of other celestial souls.","why":"The passage states outright that the spheres and globes have celestial souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=152","fm":false,"d":"living_place","ln":"lexical","ph":"a living city","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1549,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians","a":"Iamblichus | Proclus | Porphyry","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"I speak of statues animated, full of sense and spirit, performing such great and wonderful acts; statues that foreknow the future, and who perhaps predict it through prophets, dreams, and many other ways; statues that inflict diseases upon humans and cure them, and who distribute sorrow according to what each deserves.","why":"The text explicitly describes crafted statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952ca2a77f38f6761bc33bf?page=515","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"He agitates it from within, turning all things most easily from the single life of himself as if from a single hinge, so that rightfully nothing resists his action, and no ambiguity occurs.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the conjoined leader of the world as the Soul of the universe, which animates and agitates all underlying matter from within its own life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=540","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1584,"ye":null,"t":"The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"It is a great disgrace, O Jove, and greater than you yourself can perhaps recognize, that in the most celebrated place in heaven—there where Pythagoras (who understood how the world has arms, legs, a torso, and a head) said was the superior part of it, to which is opposed the other extreme, which he says is the lowest region.","why":"Pythagoras is described as understanding that the world has arms, legs, a torso, and a head, explicitly characterizing the cosmos as an embodied living organism.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ac8939e5cfec73a7bd9107?page=152","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1574,"wd":"1563–1584, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1563,"wt":1584},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"That the heaven lives is demonstrated by its matter and form, which are the most excellent of all living things: its motion is most natural and intimate to itself, never deserting itself; its perpetual action naturally gives life to all things.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the heaven lives and is moved by its own rational soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=163","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"It appears that the earth possesses a soul from the fact that plants and stones grow; indeed, they do so as long as they remain rooted in the earth, but otherwise they do not.","why":"The passage explicitly claims that the earth possesses a soul and that stones grow.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=557","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"This happens more easily because every individual thing is a limb of the same \"World Animal\"","why":"The passage explicitly states that everything is a limb of the same 'World Animal'.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=579","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirit","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"the soul of the earth sees 419","why":"The text explicitly attributes a soul and perception to the earth ('the soul of the earth sees').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=951","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The vital spirit diffused through all things 94","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a vital spirit is diffused through all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84f9404d58b48aca521?page=986","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1561,"ye":null,"t":"The Complete Works of Marsilio Ficino","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"\"Worldly,\" I say, meaning a certain life or something vital from the Soul of the World, and from the souls of the spheres and the stars; or even a certain motion and a vital presence, as it were, from the daemons; indeed, that sometimes the daemons themselves are present in such materials.","why":"Explicitly affirms that the World, the spheres, and the stars possess souls and vital life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/694b3abfde93d1d4cec196fd?page=594","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1474,"wd":"1448–1499, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1448,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1498,"ye":null,"t":"De vita libri tres (De triplici vita); Apologia; Quod necessaria sit ad vitam securitas; Annotatio","a":"Ficinus, Marsilius","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Indeed, the worldly body, as far as appears from its motion and generation, is alive everywhere, which the philosophers of the Indians prove from the fact that it generates living things from itself everywhere.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the worldly body is alive everywhere through an ensouling presence.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbca011040d1d5e20a86c0?page=93","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mastication of the Dead in Graves","a":"Michael Ranft","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Since the first matter is therefore a living being, who would not grant it the faculty of both desiring and perceiving?","why":"The text outright states that first matter is a living being endowed with vegetative desire and sensation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906b02e0c258ddff203ac5?page=61","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1722,"wd":"1715–1728, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1715,"wt":1728},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1525,"ye":null,"t":"On the Harmony of the World","a":"Francesco Giorgi (Zorzi)","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"What Plotinus says when discussing the heaven and the world soul <note>original: \"anima mundi,\" a concept where the universe itself possesses a soul that gives it life and order.","why":"The text explicitly cites Plotinus discussing the world soul (anima mundi) and its sovereign hold over heaven and the cosmos.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69528662ab34727b1f04c6f8?page=60","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1503,"wd":"1481–1525, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1481,"wt":1525},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":null,"t":"Die einzige wahre Religion, allgemein in ihren Grund-Sätzen, verwirret durch die Zankereyen der Schriftgelehrt","a":"[Loen, Johann Michael von]","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Jupiter, he says, is in the opinion of the philosophers the \"Soul of the World\" <note>original Latin: \"Anima mundi\"</note>, which has also received different names according to its various activities and properties.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Jupiter as the Soul of the World (Anima mundi) according to philosophers.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c849216c6f3cc53c851dcf?page=249","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1730,"wd":"1709–1750, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1709,"wt":1750},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1525,"ye":null,"t":"On the Harmony of the World","a":"Francesco Giorgi (Zorzi)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Since one spirit\ndwells through all parts and waters the world,\nflying through all things, and giving shape to the living body;","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that a single spirit permeates all parts of the world and shapes it into a living body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69528662ab34727b1f04c6f8?page=432","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1503,"wd":"1481–1525, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1481,"wt":1525},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1525,"ye":null,"t":"On the Harmony of the World","a":"Francesco Giorgi (Zorzi)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"god-divine","q":"Stones are said to be alive for the reason that they live: for they grow, condense, harden, and possess various effects which many believe cannot proceed except from a living being.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stones are alive and live because they grow and condense.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69528662ab34727b1f04c6f8?page=437","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1503,"wd":"1481–1525, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1481,"wt":1525},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Selected and Obscure Dogmas of the Kabbalists","a":"Borgonovo, Arcangelo da","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"And even if the world is a living creature, it is nevertheless not altered, nor does it grow weak or fail as other living things do.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the world as a living creature, contrasting its permanence with other living things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69778edbb450898084dfd92b?page=543","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1569,"wd":"c. 1569","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1565,"wt":1569},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1784,"ye":null,"t":"Wahrheit der Religion","a":"Stender, Gotthard Friedrich","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Furthermore, they asserted a general spirit of nature, which they called the <term>soul of the world</term> <gloss>anima mundi</gloss>, or, according to the expressions of Holy Scripture, the breat","why":"The passage explicitly attributes to antiquity the assertion of a general spirit of nature called the soul of the world (anima mundi).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6e84dda9771c7163145fe","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1757,"wd":"1729–1784, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1729,"wt":1784},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1628,"ye":null,"t":"The Morbific Hydra Exterminated by the Chemical Hercules","a":"Planis Campy, David de","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"water-sea","s":"breath-spirit","q":"This impregnation and fertility occur by means of the life that it [the water] has acquired while passing through the Air.","why":"The passage states outright that rainwater acquires 'life' from the air, which acts as a vital principle to impregnate and fertilize the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23c3eae9ff63cff4df6c?page=661","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirit","yw":1616,"wd":"1604–1628, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1604,"wt":1628},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1699,"ye":null,"t":"Confession on the Universal Physico-Chemical Chaos","a":"Khunrath, Heinrich","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"brooding over the Waters and filling the globe of the Earth—that is, the\nSoul of the World <note>original: \"Anima mundi\"; the philosophical concept of a spiritual essence that permeates all of nature, connecting the divine to the material.</note> or of Na-\nture (which power emanates from Jehovah\nHimself; truly an emanation of the concep-\ntions of the Divine Mind, a divine [origin] of\nthings...","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth/nature as animated by the Spirit of God and possessing a Soul of the World.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51ddc768235dc65988f14?page=11","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"anima mundi","yw":1590,"wd":"1575–1605, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1605},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1784,"ye":null,"t":"Wahrheit der Religion","a":"Stender, Gotthard Friedrich","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"In the same way, the world is no mere machine, but an animated being filled with the Spirit of God, in which all appearances and wonders depend not merely on the mechanical arrangement of the same, but rather on the freedom of God.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an animated being filled with the Spirit of God rather than a mere machine.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6e84dda9771c7163145fe","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1757,"wd":"1729–1784, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1729,"wt":1784},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1651,"ye":null,"t":"Naturall Philosophie Reformed by Divine Light (1651)","a":"Jan Amos Comenius","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"we have a spirit from the spirit of the world <note>The \"spiritus mundi,\" a vital life force believed to animate the physical universe</note> just as they do; but the soul or mind is from God.","why":"The text explicitly asserts a vital spirit of the world (spiritus mundi) shared with animals that animates bodies and gives sense and motion.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/4adda30b-b8da-4e16-ad21-9f14bf286a23?page=261","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1629,"wd":"1607–1651, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1607,"wt":1651},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":null,"t":"Library of the Sages: Valentine, Khunrath, Hollandus, Bernard","a":"Basilius Valentinus; Heinrich Khunrath; Johan Isaäc Hollandu","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"All this proceeds from the universal spirit of the world, which manifests itself and performs its office and gives it the influence of knowledge; just as you see in a newborn child, who immediately knows how to draw its nourishment, uses its hands, its eyes, and its ears, and cannot later understand how it received this inclination, and even does not remember it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts a universal spirit of the world (vital force/archée) animates and imparts knowledge and inclination to things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4190d2b0edf3eaa2dea16?page=207","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1600–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1568,"ye":null,"t":"Similitudes and Parables of Plants in the Bible","a":"Levinus Lemnius","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Furthermore, they perceive that soul to be diffused through all things and in all things; they believe it is obedient to the Mind and, by ministering to it, promotes and gives life to everything.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the universal soul diffused through all things that gives life to everything and breathes a vital spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6958e89ad3a89283348147a3?page=211","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1544,"wd":"1520–1568, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1520,"wt":1568},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"The History of the Two Worlds, Namely the Greater and the Lesser: On the Triple Anatomy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"heat-fire","q":"so that even some entire portion of the earth becomes hydropic, and its veins swell with waters instead of the most fruitful juice, and waters of this kind for the most part happen in the microcosm just as copious rain does in the macrocosm","why":"The passage explicitly attributes veins and the pathological condition of dropsy (becoming hydropic) to the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dbbff09e4fe943a8366?page=212","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1617,"wd":"1617","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1617,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"The History of the Two Worlds, Namely the Greater and the Lesser: On the Triple Anatomy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Since, therefore, the heart is the eastern quarter of the microcosm no otherwise than as the place of the rising sun, the eastern angle, called the horoscope, it follows that a similar wind blows from a hinge of this kind in man: And this wind breathes the soul of life into the entire human spirit, no otherwise than that one is said to give life and motion to the macrocosmic spirit, or air, or human wind.","why":"The passage explicitly states that a vital wind gives life and motion to the macrocosmic spirit, animating the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dbbff09e4fe943a8366?page=270","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1617,"wd":"1617","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1617,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1622,"ye":null,"t":"Defense of The Harmony of the World","a":"Johannes Kepler","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"Because the movement of the air is caused according to the prescription of the Aspects formed on the earth, that which causes it must participate in an animal faculty and be present in the earth.","why":"The passage explicitly argues that the cause of weather is an animal faculty present within the Earth that perceives geometric aspects.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952727dab34727b1f0485f2?page=27","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the world","yw":1605,"wd":"1587–1622, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1587,"wt":1622},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1718,"ye":null,"t":"Introduction to the True Knowledge of the Great Mystery of Godliness","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"One also sees / how the stars are so greedy and hungry for the Sun’s power / that they lead their Science and desire / in a magnetic fashion within the Spirit of the World / into the first three principles / and draw the Sun’s power into themselves; conversely, the Sun also powerfully penetrates into them / to receive their Science: therefore they have their shine from the Sun’s power / so that they in turn cast their ignited power / as a fruit / into the four elements / and thus qualify in one another / and each one is the other's revelation / as well as power and life / as well as the other's breaking / so that one property does not rise up above all the others.","why":"The passage depicts the stars acting with hunger and desire within the Spirit of the World (Spiritus Mundi) to generate mutual power and life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b079ac66889d6835b576a?page=426","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1739,"ye":null,"t":"Spagyric and Philosophical Apocalypse","a":"Hermogenes","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"But the Azoth <note>the \"mercury of the philosophers,\" considered the essential agent of transformation and the universal solvent</note> or the golden Water <note>Alchemical symbol for water</note> is the seed of all metals, which cleanses all things and also holds everything necessary within itself.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Azoth or golden Water is the seed of all metals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6974b63919126e775cf6d7c3?page=96","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1739,"wd":"c. 1739 (Hermogenes, 18th century)","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1735,"wt":1739},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1722,"ye":null,"t":"The Most Hidden Secrets of the Philosophy of the Ancients","a":"[Colonne, François-Marie-Pompée]","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"what is called mercury, in which sperm resides the true seed and the mineral spirit which is invisible: therefore the sperm of gold is its mercury, from which by art one can draw the true seed, or the gold-making seminal quintessence","why":"The passage states outright that metals possess sperm, true seed, and an invisible mineral spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a59e193b008ee3811520?page=326","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1722,"wd":"1722","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1722,"wt":1722},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1760,"ye":null,"t":"Nature Uncovered: Trudon du Tilleul, 18th-Century MS","a":"Pierre Trudon du Tilleul","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The second matter, which is the seed of metals, is known only to the children of science.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals possess seed ('the second matter, which is the seed of metals').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4191f2b0edf3eaa2ded29?page=84","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1755,"wd":"c. 1750–1760","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1750,"wt":1760},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1835,"ye":null,"t":"Plotini Opera Omnia cum Ficini commentariis","a":"Plotinus; Marsilio Ficino (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"From which it is brought about that the world is an animal.","why":"The text explicitly quotes Cicero stating that the cosmos/world is an animal (ensouled).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69526a50ab34727b1f046dc5?page=240","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1835,"ye":null,"t":"Plotini Opera Omnia cum Ficini commentariis","a":"Plotinus; Marsilio Ficino (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"in the universal decree that the world is an animal, Plato, the Platonists, and Plotinus himself agree in every respect with the Pythagoreans.","why":"The text explicitly affirms the universal philosophical decree that the world is an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69526a50ab34727b1f046dc5?page=237","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Art of the Cabala: A Volume of Hidden Theology and Philosophy","a":"Pistorius Kabbala","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"PHILAL. It is not violent which is committed by will, since therefore the heaven is a voluntary agent, perhaps it chooses for itself perpetual motion, by which it ministers permanence to inferior things in","why":"The passage explicitly states that the heaven is a voluntary agent with will and understanding that moves by desire.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e44768235dc6598e757?page=85","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1587,"wd":"1587","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1587,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Art of the Cabala: A Volume of Hidden Theology and Philosophy","a":"Pistorius Kabbala","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"After he demonstrates that those spirits which perpetually rotate the celestial bodies are intelligent souls and entirely devoid of matter, he explains that they move the heavens for the sake of a certain end and goal appropriate to their souls.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that celestial bodies are perpetually moved and rotated by intelligent souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e44768235dc6598e757?page=496","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":1587,"wd":"1587","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1587,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Art of the Cabala: A Volume of Hidden Theology and Philosophy","a":"Pistorius Kabbala","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"For he does not blame Origen because he said the celestial stars are animate, but because they are surrounded by these thick and perishable bodies in the same way as men are, through certain faults.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses and defends the position that celestial stars and the heavens are animate and living beings.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e44768235dc6598e757?page=274","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1587,"wd":"1587","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1587,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Art of the Cabala: A Volume of Hidden Theology and Philosophy","a":"Pistorius Kabbala","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"For since it is the opinion of all that the celestial body is called \"animate,\" and \"animate\" is a denomination taken from the soul: since therefore a denominative predication is made from a thing that is intrinsic and inherent by way of a habit or a form—for a concrete term (as Averroes speaks in the second book of Divine Wisdom) signifies a form or habit by connoting the subject to which it inheres—we thus say a \"toga-wearer\" or a \"helmet-wearer,\" because the toga or helmet is carried by the subject by way of a habit.","why":"The text explicitly argues that the celestial body is animate because the soul inheres within it as an internal form.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e44768235dc6598e757?page=277","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1587,"wd":"1587","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1587,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Art of the Cabala: A Volume of Hidden Theology and Philosophy","a":"Pistorius Kabbala","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The Indians said the World is an animal, and indeed an Androgyne, because it takes the place of father and mother in the generation, education, and love of animals.","why":"The text explicitly reports the claim that the World is an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e44768235dc6598e757?page=926","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1587,"wd":"1587","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1587,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1682,"ye":null,"t":"Human Being from an Egg: A Dissertation on the Human Egg","a":"Garmann, Christian Friedrich","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"That the world is an animal, and rational, and animate, and intelligent, was asserted by Chrysippus, Apollodorus, and Posidonius (Laërtius in Zeno), and by all the Stoics.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses and describes the cosmos as an animate, rational animal possessing a soul and bodily organs.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a425c9ddfbbb4d07aa5f70d?page=7","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1672,"wd":"c. 1672–1682","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1672,"wt":1682},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1611,"ye":null,"t":"De la vie d'Apollonius Thyanéen","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sympathy-love","q":"I must then presuppose, replied Apollonius, that the world is a living animal.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is a living animal from which all things with soul and life originate.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88e4f6c6f3cc53c85b0a7","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1611,"ye":null,"t":"De la vie d'Apollonius Thyanéen","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"nor for having made images of gold and silver so lifelike that it seemed they breathed.","why":"Images of gold and silver are explicitly described as so lifelike that they seemed to breathe.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88e4f6c6f3cc53c85b0a7","fm":true,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1611,"ye":null,"t":"De la vie d'Apollonius Thyanéen","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"10 That this animal, the world, is governed not by one hand alone but by several, almost innumerable.","why":"The text explicitly describes the cosmos as a living creature, stating 'this animal, the world'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88e4f6c6f3cc53c85b0a7","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1506,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books on Life","a":"Ficinus, Marsilius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sympathy-love","q":"The wise men of India testify that the world is bound to itself by this very attraction, saying that the world is an animal, masculine and feminine at once, and that it couples with itself everywhere through the mutual love of its own limbs.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that the world is an animal with limbs and possesses a body, spirit, and soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbca001040d1d5e20a85ea?page=179","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1581,"ye":null,"t":"Le Timée. De la creation de l'ame","a":"Plato|Plutarchus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Now it is his opinion that the world is an animal perfect in all parts, and intelligent, containing all animals mortal and immortal, and filled with them: which are according to his opinion four in number, that is to say the celestial, flying, aquatic, and terrestrial.","why":"The text explicitly states Plato's view that the world is a perfect, intelligent animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c807126c6f3cc53c84575f","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1557,"ye":null,"t":"In M. Vitruvium De architectura annotationes Guilielmi Philandri","a":"Vitruvius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Hermes Trismegistus in the Pimander; Alcinous in his book on the doctrine of Plato; Iamblichus in his book on the mysteries; and Synesius in his book on dreams hold that the world is an animal.","why":"The text explicitly reports philosophical authorities holding that the world is an animal (a living, ensouled being).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b64f1318b87551bfc9053b?page=334","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":-50,"wd":"100–1 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-100,"wt":-1},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Cabalistic Art, Volume 1","a":"Pistorius, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Reason and the perceptible order of things declare that celestial bodies exist as animate beings—that is, by a soul which informs the heaven itself (in its own way).","why":"The text explicitly states that celestial bodies exist as animate beings informed by a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751588a88d83c830d99e18?page=296","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1565,"wd":"1543–1587, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1543,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1545,"ye":null,"t":"Three Canticles on the Harmony of the Whole World","a":"Francesco Giorgi (Giorgio Veneto)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"for almost all ancients agree that the world is an animal, and also some Peripate. of the Peripatetics; nor does Augustine deny it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69520767ab34727b1f043814?page=205","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1511,"wd":"1481–1540, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1481,"wt":1540},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Cabalistic Art, Volume 1","a":"Pistorius, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Truly, I have considered it unnecessary to weave here a history of the gatherings of the Pythagoreans and the Platonic school, as well as the Peripatetics — both Arab and Greek — and furthermore of the ancient Kabbalists, or those who allegorize about the soul of the heaven, who unanimously strive toward and support this opinion of ours.","why":"The text explicitly affirms that the heavens possess a soul, citing philosophical and kabbalistic consensus supporting this position.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751588a88d83c830d99e18?page=311","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1565,"wd":"1543–1587, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1543,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1776,"ye":null,"t":"System der stoischen Philosophie","a":"Tiedemann, Dieterich","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"heat-fire","q":"Since this very heat has formed and maintains the entire world, and since furthermore the entire world is only a single body similar to an animal, this fire must necessarily be the soul of the world, and consequently the world must be ensouled.","why":"The text explicitly argues that fire is the soul of the world and consequently the cosmos is ensouled and an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c75d6d6a0f3d112faf8afb","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1770,"wd":"1763–1776, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1763,"wt":1776},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1587,"ye":null,"t":"The Cabalistic Art, Volume 1","a":"Pistorius, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The Indians <note>Referring to the gymnosophists or ancient sages of India, often cited in Renaissance philosophy</note> said the World is a living animal, and this is perpetual: because it fulfills the roles of both father and mother in the generation, nutrition, and love of all living things.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Indians said the World is a living animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69751588a88d83c830d99e18?page=1016","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1565,"wd":"1543–1587, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1543,"wt":1587},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1776,"ye":null,"t":"System der stoischen Philosophie","a":"Tiedemann, Dieterich","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"They have, like most Stoics, contented themselves with the mere assertion that the world is a living being and that the world-soul that dwells in it is the cause of all movements.","why":"The text explicitly reports the assertion that the world is a living being inhabited by a world-soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c75d6d6a0f3d112faf8afb?page=440","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1770,"wd":"1763–1776, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1763,"wt":1776},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1593,"ye":null,"t":"Artis auriferae quam chemiam vocant, volumen primum [- secundum]","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"that the world is an animal 595","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an animal, attributing life/ensoulment to the cosmos.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9d5d6120d54bd03763d7?page=681","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1593,"wd":"c. 1100–1593","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1593},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1575,"ye":null,"t":"Two Books of Eclogues by Joannes Stobaeus","a":"Joannes Stobaeus (ed. Wilhelm Canter)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Therefore, according to probable reasoning, one must say that the world is truly a living being endowed with soul and mind, created through the providence of God.","why":"The text explicitly states that the world is truly a living being endowed with soul and mind.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae95bd7f0f0e8879510d84?page=62","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":458,"wd":"416–500, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":416,"wt":500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1490,"ye":null,"t":"Plotinus, Enneads XXVII–LIV (Ficino translation)","a":"Plotinus; Marsilio Ficino (translator)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"If animals and many things are seen to be generated from the earth, what forbids judging it to be an animal?","why":"The passage explicitly argues that the earth is an animal possessing its own internal soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d3706b196d69f66f5ad?page=216","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"M. Vitruvii Pollionis ... De architectura libri. X. ad Augustum Caesarem accuratissime conscripti, & locis qua","a":"Vitruvius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"That the world is an animal 406","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an animal, attributing life to the cosmos.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6424e1c1c21a37388beb1?page=33","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":-50,"wd":"100–1 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-100,"wt":-1},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1490,"ye":null,"t":"Plotinus, Enneads XXVII–LIV (Ficino translation)","a":"Plotinus; Marsilio Ficino (translator)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Since, therefore, this world is an animal, embracing all animals, and receives its being and being such from another, that from which it is brought into the mind must needs be and exist as the universal exemplar of the whole in the first place, and this intellect is the intelligible world itself, of which Plato in the Timaeus","why":"The text explicitly states that this world is an animal embracing all animals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d3706b196d69f66f5ad?page=471","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"M. Vitruvii Pollionis ... De architectura libri. X. ad Augustum Caesarem accuratissime conscripti, & locis qua","a":"Vitruvius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Hermes Trismegistus in the Pimander, Alcinous in his book on the doctrine of Plato, Iamblichus in his book on the mysteries, and Synesius in his book on dreams, all teach that the world is an animal.","why":"The text explicitly notes that ancient authorities teach that the world is an animal (a living being).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6424e1c1c21a37388beb1?page=472","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":-50,"wd":"100–1 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-100,"wt":-1},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1492,"ye":null,"t":"Ficino, Letters, Book I","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"It must be said that this world is an animal, and one indeed established by true divine providence; let us see what follows once this is posited.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that 'this world is an animal', identifying the cosmos as a living creature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52c013dd6d9423027d4d6?page=109","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1450,"wd":"1448–1451, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1451},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1600,"ye":null,"t":"The Collected Works of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Similarly, the philosophers of the Indians assert that the world is an animal, partly male and partly female: and Orpheus calls the nature of the world, and the mundane Jupiter, both male and female: and asserts that both sexes exist in the gods.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Indian philosophers assert the world is an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e1c47b06ecd5818a033?page=289","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"On Animals, Books 13-26","a":"Albertus Magnus (ed. Hermann Stadler)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For it seems in the beginning that every conceptus lives just as plants live, in the way in which life is called the operation of that which is <gloss>fol. 263v</gloss> the act and likeness of the powers of that which has a vegetative soul as its act and completion.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that plants (and the early conceptus living like plants) possess and operate through a vegetative soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aea7c2d9729ce38747e1a6?page=231","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":1251,"wd":"1201–1300","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1201,"wt":1300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1552,"ye":null,"t":"M. Tullii Ciceronis De philosophia, prima pars volumen secundum, ... Cum scholijs, & coniecturis Pauli Manutij","a":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For this reason, one must not hesitate to profess, if only something can be investigated by conjecture, that this world is an animal, and that it is intelligent, and established by divine providence.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the creator placed a soul in the world and that the world is an animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08558e15c643eb1af562ef?page=379","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":-66,"wd":"91–42 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-91,"wt":-42},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"On Animals, Books 13-26","a":"Albertus Magnus (ed. Hermann Stadler)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"However, the power of the nutritive soul is in females just as it is in all those having life, because it itself, as the philosopher Dionysius says, is in all things from the heat of the soul, which is the primary principle of life; and because of this, in nourishment and growth, these eggs are completed in the matrix, just as the fructification and generation and growth and nourishment of trees are completed through the vegetable soul; and they are not completed to the principle of sense as is the conception of animals.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the growth, generation, and nourishment of trees are completed through the vegetable soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aea7c2d9729ce38747e1a6?page=303","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1251,"wd":"1201–1300","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1201,"wt":1300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1570,"ye":null,"t":"De vitis philosophorum libri X, Vol. 2","a":"Diogenes Laertius (ed. Henri II Estienne)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"That the world is an animal, rational, animate, and intelligible, Chrysippus also discusses in the first book On Providence, as do Apollodorus in Physics and Posidonius.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the world is an animal and animate.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f32b21208ea9dc277b5e?page=263","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is an animal","yw":201,"wd":"101–300, the author's working years","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":101,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"In calumniatorum Platonis libri quatuor. Correctio librorum Platonis de legibus. De natura & arte  Metaphysico","a":"Bessarion, Johannes|Aristotle|Theophrastus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Why the world is a living being.","why":"The text explicitly lists the heading or thesis 'Why the world is a living being.'","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c86e426c6f3cc53c856e5d?page=53","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1445,"wd":"1418–1472, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1418,"wt":1472},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1549,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians","a":"Iamblichus, Chalcidensis, 250-325","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For if the world is a living being, and always has been, is, and will be living, nothing in the world is mortal.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the world is an ever-living animal that is most full of life and eternity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51eb99a81ef7feb3da32a?page=583","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":280,"wd":"c. 260–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":260,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1494,"ye":null,"t":"On the Nature of the Gods, On the Ends of Good and Evil, and On Laws","a":"Cicero, Marcus Tullius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"And that fire, being moved not by an external impulse but by its own volition, must be an <term>animus</term> <gloss>rational soul/mind</gloss>; from which it is brought about that the world is a living being.","why":"The passage explicitly states that fire is an animus and that the world is a living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc9441040d1d5e20a1928?page=49","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":-45,"wd":"50–41 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-50,"wt":-41},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1925,"ye":null,"t":"Diogenes Laertius: Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Vol. 2 (Loeb)","a":"Diogenes Laertius","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"That the world is a living being, rational, animate, and intelligent, is also asserted by Chrysippus in the first book of On Providence, by Apollodorus in his Physics, and by Posidonius; it is a living being in that it is an animate substance endowed with sensation.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is a living being, animate, and endowed with sensation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ad76c165c3071e0169b707?page=258","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":201,"wd":"101–300, the author's working years","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":101,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1494,"ye":null,"t":"On the Nature of the Gods, On the Ends of Good and Evil, and On Laws","a":"Cicero, Marcus Tullius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"In this apprehension and notion, I see nothing that is more fitting to accommodate it, than that we judge first that this world itself, than which nothing more excellent can exist, is a living being and a god.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world itself is a living being endowed with sense, mind, and reason.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc9441040d1d5e20a1928?page=51","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":-45,"wd":"50–41 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-50,"wt":-41},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1576,"ye":null,"t":"Ciceronian Thesaurus","a":"Mario Nizzoli","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, the world is a living being and possesses reason.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the world is a living being and possesses reason.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08562315c643eb1af57f71?page=102","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1535,"wd":"1503–1567, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1503,"wt":1567},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1541,"ye":null,"t":"M. Tullii Ciceronis De philosophia prima pars uolumen secundum .. De philosophia uolumen secundum, id est, De ","a":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus it is concluded that the world is a living being, and endowed with sense, mind, and reason.","why":"The text explicitly states that the world is a living being endowed with sense, mind, and reason.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08519e15c643eb1af4abad?page=81","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":-66,"wd":"91–42 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-91,"wt":-42},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1830,"ye":null,"t":"The Complete Works of Galen, Vol. 19","a":"Galen; Karl Gottlob Kühn (ed.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Thus, the world is a living being composed of body and divinity.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is a living being composed of body and divinity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00b5ef5cbd99aecd81e0a?page=260","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":208,"wd":"116–300, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":116,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1504,"ye":null,"t":"On the Nature of the Gods","a":"Cicero, Marcus Tullius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"I see nothing to which I might better accommodate this sensation and notion of ours than to judge that this very world, than which nothing can be more excellent, is a living being and a god.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is a living being possessing sense, mind, and reason.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc9471040d1d5e20a1a80?page=57","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":-66,"wd":"91–42 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-91,"wt":-42},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1503,"ye":null,"t":"Against the Calumniator of Plato; Correction of Plato's Laws","a":"Cardinal Bessarion","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Why the world is a living being.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is a living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942e16d607f8e57e4b7602?page=54","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1445,"wd":"1418–1472, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1418,"wt":1472},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1617,"ye":null,"t":"Forerunner of the Restoration of Philosophy","a":"Tommaso Campanella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Mundum esse vivam Dei Statuam, & sensu praeditum, et in quo omnia sentiunt.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the World is endowed with sense and that all things feel.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991ed258bec46532eb4a412","fm":true,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1611,"wd":"1583–1639, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1639},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus","a":"Hermes, Trismegistus, ca. 2./4. Jh.","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Wherefore, says Plotinus, this world is a living being, embracing all living beings, and receives its being and existence from another, and this intellect is the intelligible world itself, of which Plato says in the Timaeus: \"The intellect understands the ideas in that which is living, or a living being.\"","why":"The text explicitly states that this world is a living being embracing all living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e1fcf111105c42975fb?page=174","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1572,"ye":null,"t":"The Assembly of the Philosophers","a":"Various; ed. P. Perna","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"That the world is a living creature 634","why":"The text explicitly asserts the claim that the world is a living creature (animal).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/c62120da-38f1-441a-9f1b-2e698c0c887c?page=720","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":850,"wd":"9th-10th c., Arabic original","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":800,"wt":950},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1490,"ye":null,"t":"Timaeus","a":"Cicero, Marcus Tullius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For which reason it must not be denied, if it can be investigated, that this world is a living creature, intelligent and established by divine providence.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an intelligent living creature endowed with a soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc9791040d1d5e20a366f?page=5","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":-66,"wd":"91–42 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-91,"wt":-42},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle","a":"Dupuis, Charles-François","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"These movements are all produced by the activity of the universal soul.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the celestial spheres and stars are moved by the soul of the world or universal soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c881c06c6f3cc53c8593a3","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1776,"wd":"1757–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1757,"wt":1795},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle","a":"Dupuis, Charles-François","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The stars are the animals that live in the sky; for they are so many pure and divine souls, which move circularly, because this type of movement is the one that has the most analogy (3) with intelligence.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stars are living animals and pure divine souls inhabiting the sky.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c881c06c6f3cc53c8593a3","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1776,"wd":"1757–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1757,"wt":1795},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle","a":"Dupuis, Charles-François","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"It is certain, adds Beausobre <note>Beausobre, volume 2, page 595</note>, that various Fathers, and the most skillful among them, believed that the sun and in general all the stars are living beings.","why":"The text explicitly states that various Church Fathers and ancients held that the sun and all stars are living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c881c06c6f3cc53c8593a3?page=287","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1776,"wd":"1757–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1757,"wt":1795},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus, Vol. II","a":"Proclus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"According to both philosophers, therefore, the world is a living being, ensouled and endowed with mind, except that it is ensouled according to the one as having an inseparable life—for he does not posit an intellectual soul as something else and a mind above the soul—and indeed also as being suspended according to substance from another intelligible living being; for what Plato has called a living being, he calls an eternal living being, as the same one says in the <term>Metaphysics</term> <gloss>Aristotle</gloss>: \"We say that God is an eternal living being.\"","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is an ensouled living being endowed with mind.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aff9c81ae4bb9c7a0fe8fd?page=540","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle","a":"Dupuis, Charles-François","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"These eternal fires which shine in the stars, whose luminous globes complete their revolutions with such speed, animated as they are by the majesty of the divine intelligence, detach a part of this great soul, which they pour into bodies, and draw from this eternal hearth the breath of life that animates us.","why":"The passage explicitly describes stars as animated by divine intelligence and drawing the breath of life from a universal soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c881c06c6f3cc53c8593a3?page=290","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"breath of life","yw":1776,"wd":"1757–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1757,"wt":1795},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1584,"ye":null,"t":"On Recognizing and Healing Diseases from the Position of the Celestial Bodies","a":"Virdung, Johann","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"The world is a living being","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world is a living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e18261c58d63664f6f9?page=18","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1508,"wd":"1478–1538, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1478,"wt":1538},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1670,"ye":null,"t":"Giordano Bruno: Infinite Universe, 17th-Century English MS","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"And I say, moreover, that the infinite and immense body is a living being <note>original: \"Animall\"</note>, although it has no fixed shape or senses that could be directed toward external things.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the immense body of the universe is a living being possessing a soul within itself.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b418ff2b0edf3eaa2de7aa?page=65","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":1582,"wd":"1563–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1563,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Plato's Timaeus, Vol. I","a":"Proclus (ed. Ernst Diehl)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"If we inquire again, what makes this one idea not \"just any\" idea, but the cosmic soul, while another is something else, we shall say it is the \"wholeness\" of the genera taken up (for they were middles, not of arbitrary extremes, but of the whole intellect and the whole bodily nature, according to which the world is a living creature, as ensouled according to the indivisible, and having a soul according to the middle).","why":"The text explicitly states that the world is a living creature and is ensouled with a cosmic soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905927aaa7f10ed4cfa8e5?page=169","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"world is a living","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"A Series of Lessons in Gnani Yoga","a":"Yogi Ramacharaka (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"In that same lesson, we showed you that the Universe is alive—that there is not a single dead thing in it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Universe is alive and that life manifests in every atom of inorganic matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd1e70254d38471e250c?page=71","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1906},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Dynamic Thought; or, The Law of Vibrant Energy","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Any lover of plants, flowers, or trees who has been able to study them firsthand does not need much argument to prove that plant life exhibits traces of mental activity—some of it quite advanced, too.","why":"The passage directly asserts that plant life exhibits traces of mental activity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bc9ddbc9a79256550ff5?page=42","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1906},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Dynamic Thought; or, The Law of Vibrant Energy","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"The same is true of the occult teaching that there is \"Life in everything—the Universe is alive.\"","why":"The text explicitly affirms the occult teaching that there is life in everything and the universe is alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bc9ddbc9a79256550ff5?page=9","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1906},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Dynamic Thought; or, The Law of Vibrant Energy","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"Science now confronts a living and thinking universe.","why":"The text explicitly states that science now confronts a living and thinking universe, directly claiming the cosmos is alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bc9ddbc9a79256550ff5?page=45","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1906},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus, in XVII Books","a":"Hermes Trismegistus (trans. John Everard)","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"And there is nothing therein, through all the eternity of the revolutions, neither of the whole, nor of the parts, which does not live.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the world is a living thing and nothing in the whole or parts does not live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a19bfb49b13f9ea2b27283f?page=169","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine of the Rosicrucians","a":"Magus Incognito (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Professor Bose’s experiments have sparked great interest in prominent scientific circles and have greatly helped to confirm the conclusions of other scientists who believe that \"there is no such thing as dead matter.\"","why":"The text explicitly cites Bose's experiments to confirm the conclusion that 'there is no such thing as dead matter,' asserting that inorganic matter is alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd3c70254d38471e33b8?page=82","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1905,"wd":"1877–1932, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1932},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine of the Rosicrucians","a":"Magus Incognito (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The universe is not half-dead, but entirely alive.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe as a whole is not dead matter but entirely alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd3c70254d38471e33b8?page=77","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1905,"wd":"1877–1932, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1932},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine of the Rosicrucians","a":"Magus Incognito (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"They gain a direct awareness that the universe is animated by a Single Life that flows through and permeates every part of its vast extent and manifestation.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe is animated by a Single Life permeating every part and that nothing is truly dead.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd3c70254d38471e33b8?page=141","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1905,"wd":"1877–1932, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1932},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Dynamic Thought; or, The Law of Vibrant Energy","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The author thinks that he has succeeded not only in proving that (1) the Universe is alive and thinking; and (2) that Mind is dominant—but he believes, also, that he has made at least partially understandable the old occult and metaphysical aphorism that has been heard so much in these later days—the statement that \"All is Mind—Mind is All.\"","why":"The passage explicitly asserts the claim that the Universe is alive and thinking.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bc9ddbc9a79256550ff5?page=162","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1906},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1861,"ye":null,"t":"On the Soul-Question","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"1) A Viennese Police Councilor, 2) a German colonist who emigrated to America, and 3) a West Indian merchant who moved to Paris, have (during accidental visits) personally and unreservedly confessed to me their belief in the doctrine of the Zend-Avesta regarding the soul of the stars; only the North American German found the position of man in relation to the Spirit of the Earth to be far too undemocratic, and suggested important constitutional amendments to me, which I was not inclined to accept.","why":"The passage explicitly references and defends the doctrine of the soul of the stars and the Spirit of the Earth.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbcc018b80967354b218?page=160","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1839,"wd":"1816–1861, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1861},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Advanced Course in Yogi Philosophy and Oriental Occultism","a":"Yogi Ramacharaka (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"We would also have you remember that there is no such thing as \"dead\" matter, for the entire Universe is alive.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that 'there is no such thing as \"dead\" matter, for the entire Universe is alive' and calls it a 'thinking entity' containing Mind-substance down to the atom.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd1b70254d38471e2262?page=330","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1891,"wd":"1877–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1905},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1861,"ye":null,"t":"On the Soul-Question","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Just as the ensoulment of man forms the starting point and the anchor for the view of the ensoulment of all other creatures inhabiting the same earth with him, the ensoulment of the Earth must form the starting point and the anchor for the view of the ensoulment of all other celestial bodies which inhabit the same heaven alongside the Earth.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the ensoulment of the Earth and other celestial bodies.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbcc018b80967354b218?page=161","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1839,"wd":"1816–1861, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1861},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"Mind-Power: The Secret of Mental Magic","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"The universe is alive and has mind and Mind-Power in every part and particle of itself.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe is alive and has mind in every part and particle.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bc89dbc9a79256550a40?page=17","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1895,"wd":"1877–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1912},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1200,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Concerning these things, we must observe that the Whole is one living being <term>zōon hen pan</term> <note>the foundational belief that the universe is a single, unified organism where every part is interconnected</note>, containing all things that are from it and within it.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Whole is one living being participating in the Soul of the Whole.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5e5d91d73f9668388ef2b?page=343","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"natural sympathy","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"La philosophie occulte (De occulta philosophia) Tome 1","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"in the same way, all sorts of representations are made in the air as far away as one wishes by means of certain mirrors, and even outside of these mirrors, which the ignorant—when they see them—believe to be figures of demons or spirits, though they are nothing but representations close to them and without any life.","why":"Mirrors/projections produce crafted representations in the air that are explicitly described as being 'without any life'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6956eacbb5d89fc3ccb47706?page=43","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without any life","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1200,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Either all matter is according to its suitability, producing at the end the image of the soul of the All as a sketch; but all things are there [in the higher realm], and nothing [is lacking], even concern","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that the cosmos has a soul by referencing the 'soul of the All'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5e5d91d73f9668388ef2b?page=542","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"La philosophie occulte (De occulta philosophia) Tome 1","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"There is one element that surpasses and penetrates everything, which is fire; there is one thing created by God, which is the subject of all admiration on the earth and in the heavens, which is actually the vegetating and mineral soul that is found everywhere, which is hardly known, which no person calls by its true name, but which is hidden under numbers, figures, and riddles, and without which neither Alchemy nor natural Magic can achieve success.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that there is a 'vegetating and mineral soul' found everywhere, attributing soul to minerals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6956eacbb5d89fc3ccb47706?page=246","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital force","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Mental chemistry","a":"Charles F. (Charles Francis) Haanel","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The Universe is alive.","why":"The text explicitly states \"The Universe is alive.\"","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6ab234fa4ac37d55a213b70f?page=17","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1922,"wd":"1922","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1922,"wt":1922},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"La philosophie occulte (De occulta philosophia) Tome 1","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The Philosophers <note>Agrippa refers here to the Neoplatonists and Hermeticists who viewed the cosmos as a living, thinking organism.</note> do not believe, therefore, that the soul of the earth is like the soul of some lesser bodies; rather, they esteem it to be rational, and moreover that it has understanding <note>original: \"l'entendement.\" Referring to the higher cognitive faculty of intellect (intellectus), as opposed to mere calculation.</note>, and that it is a divinity.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the earth and universe possess rational souls and understanding.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6956eacbb5d89fc3ccb47706?page=440","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"The Arcane Teaching","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The universe is alive in every part, and its true nature resides in the Cosmic Will, which is always behind, beneath, and within all activities of the universe, from the lowest to the highest.","why":"The text explicitly states that 'The universe is alive in every part' and animated by the World-Spirit or Life Principle.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd05879c23a0fef51f81?page=12","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1894,"wd":"1877–1911, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1877,"wt":1911},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1482,"ye":null,"t":"Platonic Theology","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"They affirm, of course, that the celestial bodies are endowed with divine souls and minds, and that, like certain divine living beings, they obey God himself, the ruler of all.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that celestial bodies and spheres are animated by rational souls and endowed with divine souls and minds as living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/696926a04fa3b04c6de8762e?page=498","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1465,"wd":"1448–1482, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1448,"wt":1482},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"The Arcane Teaching","a":"William Walker Atkinson","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"We have seen that Vril, in its second phase, is inherent in all forms of atomic matter, and consequently in all forms of matter resulting from combinations of material atoms.","why":"The passage asserts that Vril (universal vital energy/life force) is inherent in all atomic matter, including granite rock.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd05879c23a0fef51f81?page=353","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"life force","yw":1894,"wd":"1877–1911, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1877,"wt":1911},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"A Series of Lessons in Raja Yoga","a":"Yogi Ramacharaka (William Walker Atkinson)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"The entire Universe is alive, vibrating and pulsing with life, energy, and movement.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the entire Universe is alive, vibrating and pulsing with life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd1c70254d38471e23cc?page=66","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"universe is alive","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1906},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1785,"ye":null,"t":"The Theoretical Brothers, or the Second Grade of the Rosicrucians","a":"[Löhrbach, Graf von]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The gold <note>symbol: ☉</note> namely consisted initially of no other parts than those which constitute the essence of our fiery mercury <note>symbol: ☿</note>, and is distinguished from it in its solid, physical form only to this extent: that the mercury is still raw and immature, while the gold—by means of the length of time, the movement of nature, and its active principle—has ripened into a solid form and reached perfect <term>fixation: the chemical process of making a volatile substance stable and resistant to heat</term>.","why":"The passage states outright that metals mature and ripen from raw mercury into gold through nature's active principle.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a02790c2c6e5c837e27908?page=265","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1785,"wd":"c. 1785","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1780,"wt":1785},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1662,"ye":null,"t":"Oriatrike, or Physick Refined","a":"Jan Baptist van Helmont; John Chandler","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Fountains dispense the feeds of Minerals and Metals.","why":"It attributes seeds to minerals and metals, explicitly stating that fountains dispense them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1863dc4be2cdd0edc573a?page=1212","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirit","yw":1648,"wd":"1648","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1648,"wt":1648},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1644,"ye":null,"t":"Unheard-of Medical Works","a":"Jan Baptist van Helmont","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For new flints and stones actually grow up in springs and rivers.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stones have real, non-metaphorical seed and actually grow up in rivers.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69528566ab34727b1f04b7ee?page=33","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirit","yw":1618,"wd":"1592–1644, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1592,"wt":1644},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1764,"ye":null,"t":"The works of Jacob Behmen. With figures by William Law","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"The heart represents the Sun, which is the beginning of life in this outward body of the world.","why":"The text explicitly describes the cosmos as having a 'body of the world' with the Sun functioning as its living heart and animating spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6f72ada9771c71631512e?page=297","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1611,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Basilica and Treatise on Signatures","a":"Crollius, Oswaldus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The vital spirit in Man and the Elemental spirit are one and the same spirit.","why":"The text explicitly equates the vital spirit in humans with the elemental spirit, affirming a vital spirit animating the elements.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6976e865caea4bb6304d1aac?page=103","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirit","yw":1594,"wd":"1578–1609, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1578,"wt":1609},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1597,"ye":null,"t":"Thirty Books on Natural Things","a":"Jacopo Zabarella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, in the final chapter of that book, he proves that plants are also ensouled.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Aristotle proves plants are ensouled and attributes a soul to plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0fb5024c2bf295285492?page=486","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1569,"wd":"1548–1589, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1548,"wt":1589},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Physiologia Medica","a":"Zwinger, Theodor","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Metals are alive, 479, 480; a most noble essence exists in the ashes of metals, 204.","why":"The text states outright that metals are alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7d4dc25ec2ba5ccd8050a?page=963","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1610,"wd":"1610","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1610,"wt":1610},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1789,"ye":null,"t":"The Theoretical Brothers, or the Second Stage of the Rosicrucians","a":"[Löhrbach, Graf von]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"Mercury <term>☿</term> is a viscous water of a very subtle essence, which in the veins of the earth, together with a white, very fine earth, by means of an extremely moderate heat, has been mingled and mixed most inwardly in its smallest parts, and indeed for so long; until the moisture of the water and the dryness of the earth [reached] a perfectly equal proportion and a completely inseparable union","why":"The passage explicitly attributes veins to the earth ('in the veins of the earth').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a02790f43c714c4e6bceff?page=246","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1785,"wd":"c. 1785","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1780,"wt":1785},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1867,"ye":null,"t":"Alberti Magni De Vegetabilibus Libri VII","a":"Albertus Magnus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Someone might also argue against those who deny that plants have a soul by resolving their objections according to Plato, stating that a plant does have a soul.","why":"The passage explicitly states that plants possess powers of the soul and addresses arguments that plants have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af131546ef029572e02e60?page=81","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":1244,"wd":"1208–1280, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1208,"wt":1280},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1507,"ye":null,"t":"Book on the Fourfold Life","a":"Champier, Symphorien","lg":"Latin","tr":"medical","c":"soul-mind","s":"blood-humours","q":"In this state, nothing is hoped for, everything is feared, and it is wearisome to look upon the vault of heaven.","why":"The passage directly describes the inward experience of melancholy heaviness, torpor, and acedic weariness of life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6980941f1eb524781a7fdc09?page=46","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirits","yw":1497,"wd":"1486–1507, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1486,"wt":1507},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemical Anthology, 18th-Century French MS","a":"Various","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The grain of gold would then produce a metallic plant of gold.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that gold acts as seed that germinates, grows into a metallic plant, and comes to maturity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4187ef1200e2ab53cfa5c","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1750","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1750},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemical Anthology, 18th-Century French MS","a":"Various","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"It is this body that appears like a vaporous and balsamic humor, in which lies solely the life and preservation of individuals.","why":"It explicitly identifies a vaporous, balsamic mineral substance as containing the sole life and preservation of individuals (a vital animating spirit).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4187ef1200e2ab53cfa5c?page=242","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital spirits","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1750","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1750},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1585,"ye":null,"t":"De la vérité de la religion chrestienne","a":"Mornay, Philippe de","lg":"French","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"You believe that plants have a soul, that is to say a faculty, which makes them sprout in their season.","why":"The text explicitly affirms that plants have a soul that makes them sprout.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c806fd6c6f3cc53c845712?page=51","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":1575,"wd":"1564–1585, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1564,"wt":1585},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1577,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Jamblichus|Proclus|Porphyrius|Psellus|Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Furthermore, it is devoid of life—having neither intellect, nor soul, nor anything living by its own power.","why":"The passage explicitly defines matter as devoid of life, possessing neither soul nor intellect nor self-animation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f34c90c7f65c860b31?page=309","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1621,"ye":null,"t":"The Proscenium of Truth","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"He perceives, therefore, what that Soul of the World <note>original: \"mundi anima\"</note> is, so celebrated by the ancient Philosophers and Theosophists that they placed it—not without reason—within the sun.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the existence and reality of the Soul of the World (mundi anima) ensouling creation and placed within the sun.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952722eab34727b1f04805e?page=21","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"breath of life","yw":1605,"wd":"1589–1621, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1621},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1577,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Jamblichus|Proclus|Porphyrius|Psellus|Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The souls of the stars also move the sight in certain new ways.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to stars having souls ('The souls of the stars').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f34c90c7f65c860b31?page=40","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1577,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Jamblichus|Proclus|Porphyrius|Psellus|Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For this is the life of God, this is His action: to move all things and to breathe life into all.","why":"The text explicitly states that God's action is to move all things and breathe life into all, animating all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f34c90c7f65c860b31?page=469","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1577,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Jamblichus|Proclus|Porphyrius|Psellus|Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"Thus, man is the maker of gods.","why":"The passage explicitly states that crafted idols are made to be inhabited and endured within by a celestial element or god.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f34c90c7f65c860b31?page=567","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1579,"ye":null,"t":"Book of Perfect Chemical Knowledge: Czech Alchemy","a":"Laurent Ventura; Petrus Bonus Ferrariensis","lg":"Czech","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Water enlivens, and the body enlivens, and the soul enlivens.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals, ores, and chemical bodies as possessing a soul and being enlivened by water.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b3f736a107e55a0ee1c0b0?page=50","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1500,"wd":"c. 1300–1579","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1579},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1579,"ye":null,"t":"Book of Perfect Chemical Knowledge: Czech Alchemy","a":"Laurent Ventura; Petrus Bonus Ferrariensis","lg":"Czech","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"god-divine","q":"Every type of salt has within itself a spirit, which is the life of everything.","why":"The passage explicitly states that salt contains an animating spirit that is the life of everything.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b3f736a107e55a0ee1c0b0?page=60","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of life","yw":1500,"wd":"c. 1300–1579","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1579},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"Ripley Reviv'd (1678)","a":"Eirenaeus Philalethes; ed. William Cooper","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"And afterward, when the spirit of life shall enter into them, the spirit and soul shall, by their mighty force, carry the body aloft with them, so that it shall go out and return with them; for now these three are made one.","why":"The alchemical substance/body is explicitly described as possessing a subtle soul and being reanimated when the spirit of life enters into it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6816b270-a7e0-4782-b332-3f827bed541d?page=365","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of life","yw":1659,"wd":"1640–1678, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1640,"wt":1678},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཉུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 69)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"Regarding the phrase \"Surrounded by a fine garland of flames, constantly shimmering everywhere,\" the part \"constantly shimmering\" means one should imagine it as if it were endowed with life","why":"The text explicitly instructs that the visualized image/garland of flames be imagined as if endowed with life (lifelike).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abea5606a920ffd924dbcb1?page=355","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital breath","yw":750,"wd":"c. 700–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":800},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Cleansing the Heart through the Book of Changes, Vols. 1-2","a":"Unknown","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Heaven, Earth, and I are originally of one and the same nature; our breathing is interconnected.","why":"The text explicitly states that Heaven, Earth, and the self share interconnected breathing, directly fulfilling the criterion of earth breathing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cb54d4d545ae73feefd4?page=112","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital breath","yw":1735,"wd":"early 18th century (Ren Qiyun, d. 1744)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1720,"wt":1744},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"The Light of the Tantras","a":"Abhinavagupta","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"That matter is inert, because it shares the nature of its effects.","why":"The passage explicitly argues that primordial matter is inert and incapable of acting or generating on its own.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69d7e0bce9e5e67989c3600d?page=2399","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":993,"wd":"965–1020, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":965,"wt":1020},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Writings, Volume 1","a":"Walter Scott","lg":"Greek","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"and the heavenly bodies act on the material elements of which each individual organism is composed, and infuse into it the pneuma by which it is vitalized.","why":"The passage states that heavenly bodies infuse organisms with pneuma as a vitalizing breath or force.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a97a1bf3f3d2fb7de26ca4?page=138","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital force","yw":250,"wd":"c. 2nd-3rd century CE (Hermetica), Scott's edition 1924","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Writings, Volume 1","a":"Walter Scott","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Anaxagoras claimed that they are living things and feel pleasure and pain, interpreting this by the shedding of leaves and growth...","why":"The passage explicitly states that Anaxagoras claimed plants feel pleasure and pain.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a97a1bf3f3d2fb7de26ca4?page=38","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":250,"wd":"c. 2nd-3rd century CE (Hermetica), Scott's edition 1924","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1646,"ye":null,"t":"Revelation of the Mysteries of the Essential Tinctures of the Seven Metals","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"...the aforementioned formative power <note>original: virtus informativa; the vital force believed to shape matter into specific forms.</note> which directs the serving heat to digest the spiritual seed of the world <note>the universal essence or prima materia that contains the potential for all creation.</note> with which it is mixed through a change of color: first into a mixed color, then into the white color, and finally into the red color.","why":"The text explicitly attributes a formative power and a spiritual seed to the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a59f280c68b8795e5ba9?page=323","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital force","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1600-1625","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1625},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1612,"ye":null,"t":"Lexicon of Alchemy","a":"Ruland sr., Martin","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"...with the globe of the earth through openings, through which it draws life and nourishment from the air, now in this way, now in that.","why":"The text explicitly describes the globe of the earth drawing life and nourishment from the air through openings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6980941f08ed39e7ae2ef412?page=47","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1598,"wd":"1584–1611, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1584,"wt":1611},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1782,"ye":null,"t":"The Jewel of the Sages","a":"[Loos, Onesime Henri de]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"When this universal World-Spirit —which is the essence and life of all elemental compositions—animates, nourishes, and sustains by means of the constant pouring-forth of the animating and fertilizing moisture, it communicates virtues, powers, and properties to them.","why":"The text explicitly describes a universal World-Spirit that is the essence and life of all elemental compositions and animates them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a59f3605c4167e76a79c?page=45","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital force","yw":1761,"wd":"1740–1782, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1740,"wt":1782},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1767,"ye":null,"t":"New Collection of Old and Rare Philosophical and Alchemical Writings","a":"Anonymous","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"But after the body <note>original: Corpus</note> has received the soul, it becomes living again from a dead thing.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the alchemical mineral matter (body/dregs) receives a soul and becomes living again.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255ec3e158c7e3c9a4f76?page=434","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1770,"wd":"c. 1767–1774","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1767,"wt":1774},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Leonardo the Prose Writer: Selected Writings","a":"Leonardo da Vinci","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"residence of the vegetative soul <note>the vital force responsible for growth and nutrition in all living things</note> are the fires which, in various places of the earth, breathe out in baths and in sulfur mines, and in volcanoes, at Mongibello <note>The Sicilian name for Mount Etna, derived from the Arabic 'Jebel' and Latin 'Mons', both meaning mountain.</note> in Sicily and many other places.","why":"The passage explicitly states that subterranean fires in the earth are the residence of the vegetative soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991eb0b2f801130a473f292?page=93","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital force","yw":1493,"wd":"1467–1519, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1467,"wt":1519},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1760,"ye":null,"t":"Magical-Kabbalistic and Theosophical Work (Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum)","a":"Georg von Welling","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"All created things in the mineral as well as in the vegetable and animal kingdoms have their origin in one and the same heavenly spirit poured out upon the earth: everything grows out of the earth; for the earth constantly attracts the ethereal spirit and retains it within itself; this spirit does not become visible unless it becomes corporeal <note>Takes on a physical body</note> in the earth.","why":"The passage explicitly states that all minerals, vegetables, and animals originate in a single heavenly/ethereal spirit poured out upon the earth that becomes corporeal in them.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695258ceab34727b1f0457c2?page=605","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital force","yw":1697,"wd":"1667–1727, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1727},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception, or Christian Occult Science","a":"Max Heindel","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"body","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The etheric counterpart <note>The invisible, energetic double of a physical organ</note> of the spleen is where the vital force undergoes a curious transformation of color.","why":"The passage states outright that an animating vital force flows through the etheric vehicle to move the dense body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905961aaa7f10ed4cfaf55?page=69","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"life force","yw":1895,"wd":"1880–1910, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1910},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception, or Christian Occult Science","a":"Max Heindel","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"This Earth is a living, feeling body.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Earth is a living, feeling body permeated by a Spirit and desire body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905961aaa7f10ed4cfaf55?page=71","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1895,"wd":"1880–1910, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1910},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception, or Christian Occult Science","a":"Max Heindel","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"growth-seed","q":"In this fifth stratum is the primordial fount of life from which came the impetus that built all the forms on Earth.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies an interior stratum of the Earth as a primordial fount of life that animated and built all earthly forms.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905961aaa7f10ed4cfaf55?page=512","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1895,"wd":"1880–1910, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1910},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1705,"ye":null,"t":"Mineral Work or Description of Many Artistic and Useful Metallic Labors","a":"Glauber, Johann Rudolph","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"so that a perpetual circulation of birth and death of the same is maintained by nature among metals just as among vegetables and animals.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a natural cycle of birth and death to metals just like animals and vegetables.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51ddfefd8df28f2dac650?page=162","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"life force","yw":1645,"wd":"1619–1670, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1619,"wt":1670},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། དབུ་མ། འ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 102)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Form is merely inanimate matter.","why":"The text explicitly argues that form has no agency and is merely inanimate matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe825059b86b7d32a6597a?page=555","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":625,"wd":"585–665, around the author’s floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":585,"wt":665},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1644,"ye":null,"t":"A New Light of Alchemy","a":"Sendivogius, Michael","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"for while through such a breathing hole Respiraculum a greater heat and a greater quantity of water passes, the faster the earth is purified; and so afterwards, in such places, metals are more conveniently born.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a breathing hole (respiraculum) to the earth and describes metals as being born.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f1861f3361ae3249e0?page=39","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1608,"wd":"1575–1640, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1640},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1644,"ye":null,"t":"A New Light of Alchemy","a":"Sendivogius, Michael","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The body is the gold which gives the seed:","why":"The text explicitly asserts that gold, a metal, produces and yields seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f1861f3361ae3249e0?page=62","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"life force","yw":1608,"wd":"1575–1640, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1640},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1654,"ye":null,"t":"Egyptian Oedipus, Volume 3","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"From these, they believed that life was F drawn into the fourfold face of the earth for the good and benefit of the fields, as the G symbols G and H teach: for through ceremonies of this kind, the H cornucopia of the five terrestrial beings abounds, and the vital liquor is drawn from the chain of aerial Spirits who are followers of Horus, as is evident from the I region I and K","why":"It explicitly states that a vital liquor or spirit drawn from aerial spirits animates and infuses life into the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695273a7ab34727b1f04a708?page=295","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"life force","yw":1635,"wd":"1616–1654, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1654},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1651,"ye":null,"t":"Signatura rerum: or the signature of all things","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"god-divine","q":"This is why metals grow, unlike the coarse, hard stones, which are too tightly compressed in the Impression of the wrathful Essence and contain too little Sulphur in them.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals grow.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699ef9ff56e1710c66738155?page=31","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1474,"ye":null,"t":"Expositio (Postilla) in Job","a":"Thomas Aquinas","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"Silver, however, is youthful and the first among certain veins or the earth, like stones; yet it is youthful, as if incorporated into iron stones or, as it were, in the earth, not yet having perfect digestion so that it might be ready, or which leads to the generation of stones.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals/stones as youthful, undergoing digestion, and being generated in earth veins.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcc650f8c5edf20f4b221?page=147","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"vital heat","yw":1257,"wd":"1240–1274, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1240,"wt":1274},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians","a":"Iamblichus, Chalcidensis, 250-325","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"Statues, O Asclepius, so that you yourself may not distrust that there are animated statues, full of sense and spirit, which do such great things, and which foreknow future events, and take care of them, and bring sadness according to merits.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that statues are animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51eb747b06ecd58195d39?page=265","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":280,"wd":"c. 260–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":260,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul","a":"John Philoponus; ed. Michael Hayduck","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Since plants are also ensouled, and the soul is the actuality of an organic body, he states for this reason that the parts of a plant are also organs; for","why":"The text explicitly asserts that plants are ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942e81d607f8e57e4b956a?page=245","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":538,"wd":"505–570, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":505,"wt":570},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"The chakras. A monograph","a":"Leadbeater, Charles Webster","lg":"English","tr":"theosophy","c":"other","s":"breath-spirit","q":"These are \"Fiery Lives,\" specks charged with that universal force.","why":"The passage identifies floating light specks charged with universal force/vitality (prâna) as living entities ('Fiery Lives') animating the body.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c86f6c6c6f3cc53c8570c0?page=81","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"prana","yw":1898,"wd":"1869–1927, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1927},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1869,"ye":null,"t":"Die Alchemie. Das ist die Lehre von den grossen Geheim-Mitteln der Alchemisten und den Speculationen, welche m","a":"Latz, Gottlieb","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"soul-mind","s":"soul-form","q":"It is self-evident that this intellect extends downward to the psychē <gloss>soul</gloss>.","why":"The text explicitly describes the visible world as possessing an intellect extending downward to a soul within the framework of the Platonic World-Soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c866746c6f3cc53c856409?page=152","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"pneuma","yw":1851,"wd":"1833–1869, the author's likely working life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1833,"wt":1869},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1513,"ye":null,"t":"The Collected Works of Macrobius","a":"Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Within are sweet waters and seats of living stone: the home of the Nymphs.","why":"The cave is explicitly called the home of the Nymphs, satisfying the criterion of a place described as inhabited by spirits or divinities.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699ef9feb3e659e2762a5731?page=201","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stone","yw":408,"wd":"385–430, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":385,"wt":430},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1924,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Writings, Volume I: Texts and Translation","a":"Walter Scott (ed.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Now the sense and thought of all living creatures enter into them from without, being breathed into them from the atmosphere; but the Kosmos received sense and thought once for all when it first came into being, and has got them from God.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Kosmos possesses sense and thought, having received them directly from God upon coming into being.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953a93977f38f6761bd58f4?page=189","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"lexical","ph":"pneuma","yw":250,"wd":"c. 2nd-3rd century CE (Hermetica), Scott's edition 1924","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The True Intellectual System of the Universe","a":"Ralph Cudworth","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"However, whether Aristotle believed in these lower demon-gods or not, it is certain that he acknowledged a higher kind of gods: namely the Intelligences of all the various celestial spheres, and perhaps also the souls of the spheres and the stars themselves.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the celestial spheres have Intelligences and potentially souls, as do the stars themselves.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69525874ab34727b1f045110?page=428","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1655,"wd":"1632–1678, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1632,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The True Intellectual System of the Universe","a":"Ralph Cudworth","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"not-stated","q":"To the atheist, these are merely some of nature’s playful or whimsical creations—more neatly artificial and finer \"curiosities\" or pretty toys.","why":"The passage details the argument that animals are merely artificial curiosities with no higher perfection than senseless matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69525874ab34727b1f045110?page=874","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1655,"wd":"1632–1678, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1632,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The True Intellectual System of the Universe","a":"Ralph Cudworth","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The plastic and vegetative life of nature is the lowest of all lives and inferior to the sensitive life.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a plastic and vegetative life to nature as an incorporeal formative principle within matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69525874ab34727b1f045110?page=928","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1655,"wd":"1632–1678, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1632,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The True Intellectual System of the Universe","a":"Ralph Cudworth","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"they generally believed the whole world to be one single living being","why":"The passage explicitly states that the whole world was held to be one single living being, animated and governed by one soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69525874ab34727b1f045110?page=943","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1655,"wd":"1632–1678, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1632,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1964,"ye":null,"t":"Fragments of the Early Stoics, Volume 2: Chrysippus","a":"Hans von Arnim","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"heat-fire","q":"And with this divinity of the world perceived, the same divinity must be attributed to the stars, which are born from the most mobile and pure part of the aether, and there is no other nature mixed in, and they are entirely hot and translucent, so that it is most correct to say that they are also living beings that feel and understand.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the stars are living beings that feel and understand.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a97a2df3f3d2fb7de270de?page=210","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1903,"wd":"1874–1931, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1874,"wt":1931},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1769,"ye":null,"t":"Alchymia denudata revisa et aucta oder: das bisanhero nie recht geglaubte, durch die Erfahrung nunmehro aber w","a":"[Naxagoras, Ehrd de]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"He also writes elsewhere that all metals grow out of antimony and vitriol","why":"The text explicitly affirms as true that all metals grow out of antimony and vitriol in ore mines.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8306a6c6f3cc53c84da36?page=420","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1715,"wd":"c. 1715-1730","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1705,"wt":1730},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1769,"ye":null,"t":"Alchymia denudata revisa et aucta oder: das bisanhero nie recht geglaubte, durch die Erfahrung nunmehro aber w","a":"[Naxagoras, Ehrd de]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Who would now be so crude and absurd that he could not further understand, or should not believe, that through such reductions and turnings of one into the other, one finally arrives at the prima Materia, and to the seed itself (which are two of them, and not one thing), both of the metals and minerals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals and minerals possess seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8306a6c6f3cc53c84da36?page=285","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1715,"wd":"c. 1715-1730","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1705,"wt":1730},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1619,"ye":null,"t":"Wasserstein der Weysen. Via veritatis","a":"[Siebmacher, Johann Ambrosius]|Meung, Jean de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"In the veins of the earth where metals grow, one finds neither Mercury nor Sulfur.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the veins of the earth and states that metals grow within them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6ec0fda9771c7163148cc?page=269","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1604–1619","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1604,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1671,"ye":null,"t":"Basil Valentine: Last Will & Testament (1671)","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"There is another fatness underground where metals grow.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals grow underground.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/7fad466b-fc3a-4869-8b8d-8b121fd2def6?page=100","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1599–1624","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1599,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1763,"ye":null,"t":"The Mineral Glue","a":"[Walchin, Dorothea Juliana]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"I have also stated long ago that all metals grow out of common elemental water and are the fruits of meteors; likewise, the philosophical metals grow from our elemental water.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that all metals grow out of elemental water as fruits of meteors.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f0571a901a01ef5a1c?page=301","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1763,"wd":"1763","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1763,"wt":1763},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"A  Suggestive Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery : with a Dissertation on the more Celebrated of the Alchemical","a":"Atwood, Mary Anne","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"some call them planets, others metals (for the radical life of the spirit is indeed mineral); and the rest of Hermes' allusion refers to the conjunction of active and passive principles to reproduce light out of the whole.","why":"The text explicitly states that 'the radical life of the spirit is indeed mineral'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda161f6d63c919748fc0f?page=233","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1871,"wd":"1832–1910, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1910},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1710,"ye":null,"t":"Wasserstein der Weisen.  Via veritatis","a":"[Siebmacher, Johann Ambrosius]|Meung, Jean de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For just as nature works in the veins of the earth where the metals grow, so you must conveniently follow nature.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals growing in the veins of the earth, matching the criteria for the living earth/growth of metals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6eb51da9771c71631482d","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1604–1619","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1604,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1710,"ye":null,"t":"Wasserstein der Weisen.  Via veritatis","a":"[Siebmacher, Johann Ambrosius]|Meung, Jean de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"even Nature in the veins of the earth, where the metals grow, does not use them.","why":"The text explicitly refers to the veins of the earth and describes metals as growing there.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6eb51da9771c71631482d?page=218","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1604–1619","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1604,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1788,"ye":null,"t":"Thirteen Secret Letters","a":"Anonymous","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"this our matter is alive, and has magnetic power within herself; for when she is pounded and placed into a vessel, she grows together again","why":"The text explicitly states that 'this our matter is alive' and that it grows back together when pounded.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b079a84b05e7a498568b6?page=18","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1788,"wd":"before 1788","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1700,"wt":1788},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Museum (Vol. 1)","a":"Various (trans. A.E. Waite)","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"For what is dead cannot produce life and growth, seeing that it is devoid of the quickening spirit.","why":"The text explicitly asserts the earth is not dead but animated by an indwelling quickening spirit and life.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695234ddab34727b1f044cd2?page=349","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1678,"wd":"c. 1599–1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1599,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Museum, Restored and Enlarged","a":"Various (Sendivogius, Philalethes, etc.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For Nature, by constantly digesting and concocting from Mercury alone, cold and humid, in the veins of the earth, produces metals according to their species.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the earth has veins in which metals are digested and concocted.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695203a5ab34727b1f041c53?page=795","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1678,"wd":"c. 1599–1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1599,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"Deutsches theatrum chemicum, auf welchem der berühmtesten Philosophen und Alchymisten Schrifften, die von dem ","a":"Roth-Scholtz, Friedrich (1687-1736)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"We must admit that in the places of the earth where metals grow, at the bottom of the mountains, a constant warmth is maintained and perceived.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals grow in the earth, directly meeting the criterion for non-living matter growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1009dcf71729295096c8b2?page=177","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1715,"wd":"1702–1728, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1702,"wt":1728},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1621,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemical Heptad: Select Philosophical Treatises on the Magistery of the Stone","a":"Neander, Theophilus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"divided into eleven general chapters regarding their generation and growth, and [have intended] to present the same to Your Holiness and high wisdom, not only to read, but also to oversee, correct, and improve.","why":"The text explicitly refers to the generation and growth of metals.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697d9c9b971fd6d8096654d8?page=71","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1600,"wd":"15th c. to 1621","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1400,"wt":1621},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1731,"ye":null,"t":"Les principes de la nature, ou de la generation des choses","a":"Colonne, François-Marie-Pompée","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The first is that several stones and rocks have roots, and they vegetate and grow for a time like trees, after which they dry out and harden like trees that have died.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stones and rocks have roots and vegetate and grow like trees.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c82ebd6c6f3cc53c84d6cd","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1731,"wd":"1731","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1731,"wt":1731},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1731,"ye":null,"t":"Les principes de la nature, ou de la generation des choses","a":"Colonne, François-Marie-Pompée","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"this does not prevent conjecturing and believing that metals grow and vegetate like grass, as much by their own seed as by the vapors that rise from the bottom of the earth, mixed with those of the air that penetrates everywhere, and which also contributes much to the life and vegetation of plants.","why":"The text explicitly claims that metals grow, vegetate like grass, and reproduce by their own seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c82ebd6c6f3cc53c84d6cd","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1731,"wd":"1731","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1731,"wt":1731},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemical Writings (Stone of Philosophers)","a":"Kelly, Edward | Waite, A.E. (ed.)","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"it follows that the metals must first be reduced to Mercury, the matter and sperm of all metals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals have sperm (seed) from which they are generated and grow.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952d13377f38f6761bc5e29?page=102","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1585,"wd":"1570–1599, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1570,"wt":1599},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1661,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Theater, Volume Six","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Since, therefore, metals grow and have a principle, it follows also that they are multiplied.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals grow, directly meeting the criterion for non-living matter growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dd0cf111105c4290c35?page=384","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1602–1661","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1602,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1661,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Theater, Volume Six","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Just as the nature of the germ or metallic seed is altered in our virgin earth or common Mercury, so too its color will be altered in it, and it will hide itself within and will insinuate itself into the form and figure of our common Mercury, so that we can in no way recognize it until finally the congelation has been made.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals as possessing a germ or metallic seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dd0cf111105c4290c35?page=201","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1602–1661","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1602,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1661,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Theater, Volume Six","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"They are the seed of metals in substance.","why":"The text explicitly states that water and earth are the seed of metals in substance, attributing seed to metals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dd0cf111105c4290c35?page=535","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1602–1661","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1602,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1661,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Theater, Volume Six","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"This is the true water of the spagyricists, in which the seeds of metals are alive, and can produce other metals from themselves, for their power remains in the solution made through this water in this water, which they lose and forfeit in strong waters and similar waters unknown to the Philosophers.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the seeds of metals are alive and can generate other metals.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dd0cf111105c4290c35?page=735","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1602–1661","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1602,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1714,"ye":null,"t":"Curious Physics","a":"Hellwig, Johann Otto von","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"All animals and all metals grow from this fatness, but before an animal or a metal is formed from it, I can in no way get hold of it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that all metals grow from this fatness, satisfying the criterion for metals growing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/dbdc472a-b39f-4005-abb4-654428f7bf61?page=144","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1684,"wd":"1669–1698, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1669,"wt":1698},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1722,"ye":null,"t":"The Mineral Gluten","a":"[Walchin, Dorothea Juliana]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"With this same salt, the right matter can be led into its bath of purification. It is nature's vinegar, which does not burn the Sulfur <note>symbol: ♁</note> and Mercury <note>symbol: ☿</note> of the matter, but makes them alive.","why":"The passage explicitly states that nature's vinegar 'makes them alive' (referring to the sulfur and mercury of the mineral matter).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c4ec33a3a4a7c546ee610d?page=38","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1763,"wd":"1763","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1763,"wt":1763},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1617,"ye":null,"t":"Symbols of the Golden Table of the Twelve Nations","a":"Maier, Michael","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"If, therefore, metals grow from mines, they either arrive at their forms, in which they are found, in a moment from the four elements, or successively.","why":"The passage explicitly describes metals growing in mines and undergoing maturation from crude to perfect forms.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51d75261c58d63664a9f1?page=116","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1600,"wd":"1583–1617, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"Compendium Alchymisticum Novum (new alchemical compendium)","a":"Johann Michael Faust","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"all metals grow from one root and their initial matter is the same, but they differ only in that one is purer than the other, and also more cooked and digested.","why":"The passage explicitly states that all metals grow from one root.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52c43a2d71b015aa97877?page=85","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1706,"wd":"c. 1700–1706","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1700,"wt":1706},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemy Unveiled","a":"[Naxagoras, Ehrd de]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"whoever, on the contrary, establishes more than one sulfur and mercury / from which the metals grow /","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals have seed and grow from sulfur and mercury.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6970e3639b09d309d780a270?page=276","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1715,"wd":"c. 1715-1730","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1705,"wt":1730},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"German Chemical Theater","a":"Roth-Scholtz, Friedrich","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"know from this that he who wishes to achieve something in this art must first know and understand well the origin, birth, difference, friendship, and enmity of all metals, and learn further that all metals grow from one root, and their initial matter is one and the same, but differ only in that one is purer than the other, and also one is more cooked and digested; all books of the philosophers, in which truth alone resides, write and show all this, and not in","why":"The text explicitly states that all metals have a birth and grow from one root.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda06af6d63c919748703b?page=16","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1715,"wd":"1702–1728, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1702,"wt":1728},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"Aperta arca arcani artificiosissimi. Das ist: eröffneter unnd offenstehender Kasten","a":"[Grasshoff, Johann]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Every thing has within it life and death.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals grow, every thing contains life and death, and gold has received life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c795636a0f3d112fafa029?page=170","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals grow","yw":1570,"wd":"1516–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemy Unveiled","a":"[Naxagoras, Ehrd de]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"whoever says / the Earth is dead / does not speak the truth / for a dead thing can impart nothing to a living thing / and all growth comes to an end with the dead / for the Spirit of Life has fled.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Earth is not dead, is ensouled, and that its Spirit of Life animates and nourishes minerals and plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6970e3639b09d309d780a270?page=318","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1715,"wd":"c. 1715-1730","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1705,"wt":1730},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemy Unveiled","a":"[Naxagoras, Ehrd de]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"I believe, in a word / that the seed of the metals / is found nowhere else / but in the fruit / that is / in the metals","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that metals have seed and fruit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6970e3639b09d309d780a270?page=305","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1715,"wd":"c. 1715-1730","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1705,"wt":1730},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1613,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Theatre, Vol. VI","a":"Lazarus Zetzner (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"sun-stars","q":"But to return to our purpose, some have thought that since stars enjoy nourishment, they also fail at a certain period of time, and others are born in their place.","why":"The passage describes stars as living entities that take nourishment, die ('fail'), and have new stars born in their place, analogizing their death to vital spirits departing a living body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991ec427cafcbc1b020a365?page=63","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1661,"wd":"compiled 1661 (vol. VI, Latin translations of 17th-century t","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1600,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1613,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Theatre, Vol. VI","a":"Lazarus Zetzner (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"This is the true water of the spagyricists, in which the seeds of the metals are alive, and can produce other metals from themselves, for the potentiality of them remains in the solution made through this water in this water, which they lose and forfeit in strong waters and similar waters unknown to the Philosophers.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that 'the seeds of the metals are alive' and can generate other metals from themselves.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991ec427cafcbc1b020a365?page=734","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1661,"wd":"compiled 1661 (vol. VI, Latin translations of 17th-century t","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1600,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"Mundus Subterraneus","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"growth-seed","q":"Therefore, since the Magnet is a true and homogeneous part of the whole; indeed, since it is a genuine son of the Earth, sprung from the true and natural seed of the Earth—in a word, since it is entirely similar and proportionate to it—it follows that it also participates in the affections of the whole.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the magnet is a son of the Earth sprung from the true and natural seed of the Earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69527367ab34727b1f048f38?page=153","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"magnet loves","yw":1665,"wd":"1665","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1665,"wt":1665},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"Mundus Subterraneus","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"growth-seed","q":"Thus, each of these is not inappropriately called the \"Fire of Nature\" by Albert, the \"Seed of the World\" by Plato, and Entelechy by Aristotle—or the motive force of all things.","why":"The passage identifies the universal spirit as the seed of the world and Aristotle's entelechy animating all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69527367ab34727b1f048f38?page=825","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1665,"wd":"1665","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1665,"wt":1665},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Elucidation of Secrets","a":"Lull, Ramón|Bernhardus Trevisanus|Basilius Valentinus|Potier","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"that if a metallic soul, a","why":"The text explicitly attributes a soul ('metallic soul', 'internal soul') and seed to metals and the Stone.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b07994ae513fd49116c7e?page=469","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1600-1610 (compilation)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1610},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"The Golden Age Revealed","a":"Chrysandrus Alitophilus","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Thirdly, the Mercury of the Sages preserves, increases, and nourishes the seed of metals, and joins itself with them, and grows at the same time with the Gold and Silver into a Solar and Lunar fruit.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals have seed, are nourished, grow, and bear fruit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6975158ca88d83c830d99e36?page=90","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1706,"wd":"1706","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1706,"wt":1706},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1200,"ye":null,"t":"Opus Mulierum & Bernard of Treviso on the Philosophers Stone","a":"Bernard of Treviso; Arnaldus de Villanova","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"If they have divided or obstructed the <term>homogeneity</term> <note>original: homogeneitatem. The quality of being uniform or of the same nature throughout.</note> of the mercury, how will the proportion of the <term>feminine seed</term> <note>original: seminis feminei. In alchemical theory, metals were thought to possess gendered \"seeds.\" Mercury was typically seen as the feminine, receptive seed that must be joined with the masculine sulfur.</note> stand and be preserved?","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a feminine seed to mercury, satisfying the criterion of metals possessing seed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953aba777f38f6761bd7d2c?page=111","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1385,"wd":"1370–1400, around the author's floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1370,"wt":1400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1717,"ye":null,"t":"Chymische Schrifften","a":"Ripley, George","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"You see, therefore, in what manner our water is called the first matter and the seed of metals, namely, because all metals","why":"The passage explicitly attributes growth and seed to metals.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c86fdd6c6f3cc53c85718f?page=94","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1460,"wd":"1430–1490, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1430,"wt":1490},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"New Alchemical Compendium, or Pandora Explained","a":"Faust, Johannes Michael","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Sulfur / which you may hereafter adorn with the Gold-soul <term>Gold-soul: The refined spiritual essence or \"seed\" of gold, believed to be the active principle that \"seeds\" the mercury to produce the Stone.</term>.","why":"The text attributes a soul to a metal ('Gold-soul') which fulfills the criterion that metals or stones have seed or soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6979536eeef1c286564aa437?page=614","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1692,"wd":"1678–1706, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1678,"wt":1706},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1658,"ye":null,"t":"The Opened Ark of the Most Artful Secret","a":"[Grasshoff, Johann]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Every substance has primarily its own specific seed from which it breaks forth, and the same is increased through that seed alone, and through no other.","why":"It attributes a specific seed and growth or increase to metals and material substances.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6970e3869b09d309d780a2e0?page=24","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1570,"wd":"1516–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"New Alchemical Compendium, or Pandora Explained","a":"Faust, Johannes Michael","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"but the seed <note>original: Saamen</note> of the metals is known only to the Children of the Art <note>original: Kinder der Kunst; a term for initiated alchemists who have mastered the secret operations</note>.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals have seed ('the seed of the metals').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6979536eeef1c286564aa437?page=605","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1692,"wd":"1678–1706, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1678,"wt":1706},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1688,"ye":null,"t":"Revealer of the Great Secret of the Philosophers","a":"anonymous","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Similarly regarding the seed of metals, because the metallic seed which is called the mercury of the Philosophers is coagulated in the center of the metal by its dryness, and this is the substance which has and contains the nature of a natural salt: for nothing has the nature of salt except salt: And this quicksilver which is called that of the Philosophers is nothing else...","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals have a seed ('the seed of metals', 'metallic seed').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c4ec33a3a4a7c546ee611d?page=423","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1688,"wd":"c. 1600–1688","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1688},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1600,"ye":null,"t":"Magistri Ioannis Isaaci Hollandi ... Opera mineralia, sive de lapide philosophico philosophico, omnia duobus l","a":"Holland, Johann Isaak","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"by the work of nature the seed of metals is cooked, before it becomes vapor.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals possess a seed cooked by the work of nature.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9d966120d54bd0377bd4?page=385","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1450,"wd":"c. 1400–1500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1400,"wt":1500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1741,"ye":null,"t":"Bibliothèque des philosophes chimiques / Tome troisième.","a":"","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"Let us come now to Minerals and say that they are produced in the same manner, because Nature is one and the same everywhere.","why":"The passage states that minerals are generated like vegetables and explicitly attributes a seed to metals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1008f3f7172929509672d0?page=538","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1741,"wd":"c. 1740–1754","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1740,"wt":1754},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1741,"ye":null,"t":"Bibliothèque des philosophes chimiques / Tome troisième.","a":"","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"for they have only called it vegetable because it grows and multiplies like a vegetable thing.","why":"The text explicitly states that the Stone grows and multiplies like a vegetable.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1008f3f7172929509672d0?page=17","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1741,"wd":"c. 1740–1754","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1740,"wt":1754},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1613,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"For these metals, especially common gold, are dead, but ours are alive, possessing a spirit, which must be taken entirely.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that philosophical metals are alive and possess an animating spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1009c3f71729295096b78b?page=484","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1100–1620","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1751,"ye":null,"t":"The Instructed Beginner in Chemistry: A Hermetic Epistle","a":"Marsciano, Francesco Onofrio di","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Instead, with <term>seminal principles</term> <gloss>saamenhafften principiis; the subtle seeds of matter</gloss> which are not yet specified, she brings them forth through <term>coagulation</term> <gloss>the process of a liquid becoming solid</gloss>.","why":"The passage states that nature produces and multiplies metals using seminal principles (seeds).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c581e48e452b634cbc3698","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1751,"wd":"c. 1750–1751","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1750,"wt":1751},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1658,"ye":null,"t":"His Last Will and Testament","a":"Basil Valentine","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For the Mercurial spirit is cold and moist, the sulphurous Soul is warm and dry, and this liquor is the true prima materia, and the first seed of metals and minerals, which by Vulcan’s art <note>The use of fire in alchemy</note> is brought to a plusquam perfection, into a transcendent fixed Medicine, out of which the true Philosophical stone is generated, and it must be produced in that way.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals and minerals as possessing a soul and having seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955da3a8407b7c9ae213a22?page=151","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1600 (pseudonymous, probably by Thölde or others)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1599,"wt":1604},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1700,"ye":null,"t":"Fratris Basilii Valentini ... chymische Schriften alle so viel derer verhanden","a":"Basilius","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For because our Stone grows and multiplies, they have called it a vegetable Stone.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Stone grows and multiplies.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda001f6d63c91974838a6?page=60","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1599–1604","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1599,"wt":1604},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1749,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Writings","a":"Sendivogius, Michael","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Therefore, the children of this Art should know that the seed Sperma of metals is nothing else but the seed Sperma of all other things—namely, a moist vapor or steam.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals have a seed (sperma), fulfilling the criterion for non-living matter possessing seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3a4dd45894c171ae9f?page=70","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1608,"wd":"1575–1640, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1640},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1774,"ye":null,"t":"The Glory of the World: The Little Tablet of Paradise","a":"Anonymous","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"you should know that the spirit is drawn out of the metal, and that is the \"urine of boys,\" for it is the Seed of Metals and an origin of the metals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals possess a spirit and a seed ('the spirit is drawn out of the metal... it is the Seed of Metals').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697c8e0fbaa544415f85b6c0?page=114","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of metals","yw":1774,"wd":"c. 1608–1774","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1608,"wt":1774},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1756,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Experiments","a":"[Meyer, Johann Friedrich]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"in this way, the universal solvent extracts the seed of gold far more beautifully than the first solution had been, which was made with the spirit of salt","why":"The text explicitly describes gold as having a 'seed' ('the seed of gold'), meeting the criterion of metals having seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3a9ff927bc5394751b?page=64","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1738,"wd":"1720–1756, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1720,"wt":1756},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1749,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Writings","a":"Sendivogius, Michael","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For consider rightly, dear friend, what kind of instruments—such as alembics, flasks, what kind of retorts, circulating vessels, subliming vessels, or various furnaces, various fires, and also various materials—one finds in the veins of the earth where metals green and grow.","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth as having veins and states that metals green and grow in them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3a4dd45894c171ae9f?page=414","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1608,"wd":"1575–1640, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1640},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1620,"ye":null,"t":"The Philosophical Basilica (Basilica Philosophica)","a":"Johann Daniel Mylius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"but be warned of this, that you do not take the gold and silver of the common sort, for these are dead; take ours, which are living;","why":"The text explicitly describes philosophical gold and silver as living metals (which also bear seed), contrasting them with common dead metals.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695677cbbe7c607c5f03acc3?page=1257","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1610,"wd":"1600–1620, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1600,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1677,"ye":null,"t":"Ripley reviv'd: or, an exposition upon sir George Ripley's hermetico-poetical works","a":"[Starkey, George]","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"There is nothing that has a reproductive power applicable to two different things; everything has its own seed according to its own nature.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that all things, specifically including metals like gold and silver, possess their own reproductive seed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a5a0f46f53b3122c22b3?page=259","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1677,"wd":"1677","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1677,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1548,"ye":null,"t":"On the Hidden Causes of Things","a":"Jean Fernel","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"There is nothing in any part of nature that does not contain within itself the seed of its own kind, though it can hardly be drawn forth by art.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that all parts of nature, specifically including gold, contain within themselves their own fertile seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991d8ae8c1030b12444c81f?page=267","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1530,"wd":"1512–1548, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1512,"wt":1548},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1613,"ye":null,"t":"Compendium of Chemical Secrets, Volume Two","a":"Libavius, Andreas","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"What is the work of nature? First, to constitute the seed, and in gold to give mature aurific power: Then, when it is produced from potentiality into act, to advance and multiply it by virtue, to make many fruits.","why":"The passage explicitly describes gold as possessing seed that matures and produces fruit, fulfilling the criterion of metals having seed or growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51d46f23ccdcced306fff?page=459","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1592,"wd":"1570–1613, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1570,"wt":1613},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The Reformed and Enlarged Hermetic Museum","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"Our metals are alive and possess a spirit, and these are the ones that must be used.","why":"The passage explicitly states that 'Our metals are alive and possess a spirit' and discusses the life of metals in their mines.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255ef792a04eb812c4860?page=687","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1678,"wd":"17th-century compilation, published 1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1600,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1653,"ye":null,"t":"The Contracted Chemical Library","a":"Albineus, Nathan","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"sublimate the living metal <note>original: \"vegetale metallum.\" Alchemists believed metals \"grew\" in the earth like plants; here, Albineus suggests the alchemist \"speeds up\" this natural growth.</note>","why":"The text explicitly describes metals as conceived from seed and refers directly to 'the living metal'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69772b6347dc849429ffb22c?page=96","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1635,"wd":"1616–1653, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1653},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1653,"ye":null,"t":"The Contracted Chemical Library","a":"Albineus, Nathan","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"It is as it was when Myron <note>a famous Greek sculptor of the 5th century BCE, renowned for his realistic bronze \"Discobolus\"</note> once made bronzes that seemed to breathe, or as it is now when Crispus <note>likely a contemporary goldsmith or metalworker known to the author</note> strives to strike out the same works.","why":"The text explicitly describes crafted bronzes by Myron as being so lifelike that they 'seemed to breathe'.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69772b6347dc849429ffb22c?page=78","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed to breathe","yw":1635,"wd":"1616–1653, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1653},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The Reformed and Enlarged Hermetic Museum","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Therefore, there is no doubt that a metallic seed exists.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals have seed and grow daily in the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255ef792a04eb812c4860?page=920","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1678,"wd":"17th-century compilation, published 1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1600,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The Reformed and Enlarged Hermetic Museum","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"In this way, metals and translucent stones are still created every day in the womb of the earth from their own noble vaporous seed, a spiritual, tinging, sulfurous seed, within their various saline wombs.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that metals and stones are generated in the earth's womb from their own spiritual, vaporous seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255ef792a04eb812c4860?page=1036","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"womb of the earth","yw":1678,"wd":"17th-century compilation, published 1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1600,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The incombustible grain of metals is their radical humidity, and as it were a certain seed of the sun and moon, which Nature sowed in them so that, given the occasion, they would be cooked into sun and moon by Nature over a long time, or by Art in a short time.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals contain a seed sown by Nature to mature into gold and silver over time.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1009edf71729295096d027?page=759","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1100–1620","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1653,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Work of Hermetic Philosophy","a":"[Espagnet, Jean d']","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Perfect bodies are endowed with a seed for perfection; therefore, beneath the hard shell of perfect metals lies hidden the perfect seed.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that perfect metals possess a hidden seed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6974b644457dd8909910b9ed?page=28","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1608,"wd":"1579–1637, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1579,"wt":1637},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1699,"ye":null,"t":"Sophia, das ist die holdseelige ewige Jungfrau der göttlichen Weisheit oder wunderbahre geistliche Entdeck- un","a":"Pordage, John","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"From this New Earth grows the mineral seed of gold, which has life in itself, and can also awaken itself to life, and glorify itself","why":"The text explicitly states that the mineral seed of gold grows and has life in itself.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9ffcf6d63c9197483772?page=111","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1652,"wd":"1622–1681, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1622,"wt":1681},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1675,"ye":null,"t":"Marengus: Chemical Pallas, ca. 1675 Multilingual MS","a":"Joannes Baptista Marengus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"It is established that metals continually increase in their matrices or mines, and they are born anew.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that metals continually increase, mature, and are born anew in the womb of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4193a2b0edf3eaa2df0d7","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"womb of the earth","yw":1690,"wd":"c. 1670–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1670,"wt":1700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1675,"ye":null,"t":"Marengus: Chemical Pallas, ca. 1675 Multilingual MS","a":"Joannes Baptista Marengus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"This Earth is the seed of gold or of silver, and it is the \"dead man\" in the powder, because his spirit is hidden in the dust.","why":"The passage directly states that metals have seed ('seed of gold or of silver') and that the mineral matter possesses a spirit and soul that rises to life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4193a2b0edf3eaa2df0d7?page=85","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1690,"wd":"c. 1670–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1670,"wt":1700},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"Atalanta Fleeing","a":"Michael Maier","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"In metals, no nutrition, growth, or extension in all dimensions is found; in living things, these are found most clearly.","why":"The text explicitly argues that metals lack seeds, nutrition, and growth, treating them as inert matter distinct from living things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69520c46ab34727b1f044141?page=77","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1601,"wd":"1583–1618, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1618},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Theater","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Now if we consider in the veins of the earth, where gold is born, by what enemies or corrosives the minerals (as to superfluity or unequal proportion) are surrounded, we shall find especially the spirits of sulfur, salt, and Mercury.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes veins to the earth and describes gold as being born there.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51db3cf111105c428e55e?page=950","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"Atalanta Fleeing","a":"Michael Maier","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"PHILOSOPHERS call their stone \"vegetable\" <note>original: \"vegetabilem\"; in alchemy, this refers to the \"vegetative\" power of growth, life, and multiplication, rather than the stone being a plant.</note>, because like a plant it thrives, grows, increases, and multiplies.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the philosophers' stone vegetates, grows, increases, and multiplies like a living plant.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69520c46ab34727b1f044141?page=144","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1601,"wd":"1583–1618, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1618},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum Chemicum vol. I (Zetzner, 1659)","a":"Lazarus Zetzner (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"The heaven and the stars corrupt and putrefy some composite body: and from putrefaction is produced a certain humid body, which is as it were a seed-bed, in which there is a certain proportion of celestial heat, by which it is itself perfected: but also the proximate matter of metals and minerals, and of all things that are generated in the veins of the earth, is generated from the corruption of another preceding [thing], which is afterwards perfected by the efficient cause.","why":"The passage explicitly describes metals and minerals as being generated within the veins of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4cc36d2bf9b45ea47926f?page=438","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1591,"wd":"1566–1616, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1566,"wt":1616},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum Chemicum vol. I (Zetzner, 1659)","a":"Lazarus Zetzner (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Nature generates gold in mines over a long space of time, but the remaining metals and quicksilver, which are the seed of gold, nature—or that which has its origin from a natural thing, namely, our aurific salt itself—perfects in a moment by projection, with the help of fire, which is also natural: but the aid of Art was necessary in preparing that aurific salt.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metals and quicksilver are the seed of gold generated by nature in mines.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4cc36d2bf9b45ea47926f?page=442","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1591,"wd":"1566–1616, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1566,"wt":1616},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Theater","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"(which is the true seed of gold and silver) dissolved and leveled by Mercury, so that it contains within itself no longer any unctuosity, or any evaporable or phlegmatic humidity that could be felt, since it is otherwise impossible to empty the lime entirely of its powers, which consist in unctuous moisture.","why":"The text explicitly describes the humidity of metallic lime as the 'true seed of gold and silver', attributing seed to metals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51db3cf111105c428e55e?page=595","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1762,"ye":null,"t":"Les secrets les plus cachés de la philosophie des anciens","a":"[Colonne, François-Marie-Pompée]","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"They also tell us at every moment that man engenders man, the horse the horse, and that only metal can produce metal, and consequently only gold can produce gold.","why":"The passage asserts that metals reproduce by their own seed just as living beings do, satisfying the criterion of metals having seed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c581e32e2f948a050a5054","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"seed of gold","yw":1722,"wd":"1722","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1722,"wt":1722},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"Buc. Geor. Aeneis P. Virgilii Maronis Mantuani doctiss. virorum notationibus illustrata opera et industria Io.","a":"Publius Vergilius Maro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mineral-metal","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"within are sweet waters, and seats of living stone <note>natural rock</note>, the home of the nymphs.","why":"The cave is explicitly described as 'seats of living stone' and as 'the home of the nymphs' (inhabited by spirits/deities).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a084d9715c643eb1af3f59e?page=226","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stone","yw":-25,"wd":"c. 29–19 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-29,"wt":-19},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1483,"ye":null,"t":"Etymologies","a":"Isidorus Hispalensis","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"There are also native mountains of salt in which it is cut with iron, like stone that is reborn, so great in hardness in some places that they make walls and houses from blocks of salt, such as in Arabia.","why":"The passage explicitly describes stone as being reborn when quarried, stating outright that stones grow or regenerate.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbca6c1040d1d5e20ac232?page=166","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stone","yw":606,"wd":"575–636, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":575,"wt":636},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Annotationes Magistri Peritissimi (omnia germanice): f.1 Annotationes Eines tiefsinnigen [etc.] VCF 8","a":"Various; Pseudo-Arnaldus de Villanova","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Thirdly, a vital <note>original: Vitalis; living or life-giving</note> or a living Stone proves its character in those same qualities and in three regions <note>original: Regionibus</note> or places.","why":"The text explicitly characterizes the stone as a 'living Stone' with vital and spiritual properties.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991c5763074a1745a411600?page=552","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stone","yw":1585,"wd":"c. 1585","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1550,"wt":1585},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"The All-Seeing Eye, Vol. 2 No. 1","a":"Manly P. Hall","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"And what is this? whispered the youth, bowing in awe before the living stone.","why":"The inscribed and mounted tablet is explicitly designated as 'the living stone'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3533dac8ce407afbe04ffe?page=26","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stone","yw":1920,"wd":"1916–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1916,"wt":1923},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"This stone is not a stone, but a living thing that may be born","why":"The text explicitly describes the stone as a living thing that may be born, possessing a body, soul, spirit, and seed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1009e2f71729295096ccb0?page=169","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stone","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1100–1620","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1567,"ye":null,"t":"Compendium of the Universal Philosophy and Medicine of Paracelsus","a":"Paracelsus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For the water of life is rightly said for the vital or radical humor of each individual thing.","why":"It explicitly attributes a vital or radical humor (an animating vital principle) to each individual thing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4d641853c26e0d1560221?page=66","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum Chemicum Vol. III (1602)","a":"Various; ed. Lazarus Zetzner","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"It is clear that the \"wind\" is air, and air is life, and life is the soul","why":"Air and wind are explicitly equated with life and the animating soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/0b93ce97-9021-4eb7-9613-41b4ce1193b9?page=33","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum Chemicum Vol. III (1602)","a":"Various; ed. Lazarus Zetzner","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"I have spoken of the soul which gives life to the whole stone and raises it up again; and thus it is necessary that the wind carries it, brings it back, and gives birth to it.","why":"The crafted alchemical stone is explicitly described as being given life and raised up by the soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/0b93ce97-9021-4eb7-9613-41b4ce1193b9?page=33","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1602,"wd":"1602","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1602,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"Theatrum chemicum, praecipuos selectorum auctorum tractatus de chemiae et lapidis philosophici antiquitate, ve","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Salt itself is both animal, and animate, and metallic.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that salt itself is animate, directly attributing life to an inorganic mineral substance.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a10099af71729295096ac97?page=57","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1602,"wd":"c. 1100–1620","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1622,"ye":null,"t":"Ioannis Danielis Mylii ... Philosophia reformata : continens libros binos. I. Liber in septem partes divisus e","a":"Mylius Johann Daniel","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Since it is called animal: therefore it is said to be vegetable, and deservedly.","why":"The passage attributes a soul and vegetative growth to the alchemical stone, explicitly identifying it as animal and vegetable.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e676120d54bd037cc19?page=495","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1611,"wd":"1600–1622, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1600,"wt":1622},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Museum","a":"Various; ed. Luca Jennis","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For Mercury is the seed of metals, which Nature, with great wisdom, formed in the veins of the earth to become metal.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that Mercury is the seed of metals and forms in the veins of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/c87fadfa-1543-44b9-a138-573c144246e6?page=826","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1678,"wd":"c. 1599–1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1599,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1678,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Museum","a":"Various; ed. Luca Jennis","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The life-giving power of the earth produces all things that come forth from it, and whoever says that the earth is devoid of life maintains a position contrary to the truth.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the earth is not devoid of life and is animated by a living spirit and soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/c87fadfa-1543-44b9-a138-573c144246e6?page=421","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1678,"wd":"c. 1599–1678","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1599,"wt":1678},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"Elucidation of Secrets","a":"Lullius, Raimundus|Bernhardus Trevisanus|[Alanus de Insulis]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"for because our Stone grows\nand multiplies itself, they\nhave called it a Vegetable Stone.","why":"The text explicitly states that the Stone grows, multiplies itself, and derives from its own seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b079adfbc5a3161ad43fb?page=457","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1282,"wd":"1247–1316, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1247,"wt":1316},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1866,"ye":null,"t":"Die Sonne von Osten, oder die tiefen Geheimnisse der Kette des goldenen Vliesses, des Kreuzes der Ritterorden ","a":"anonymous","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, the philosophers call their stone, when viewed in this state, their animal or ensouled stone.","why":"The text explicitly describes the stone as ensouled and attaining uniformity with the human soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88a576c6f3cc53c85a601?page=100","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable stone","yw":1860,"wd":"c. 1800–1866","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1866},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1575,"ye":null,"t":"De metallorum ortu & causis","a":"Aubert, Jacques","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"For bodies that are imperfectly mixed do not live.","why":"The passage explicitly argues that imperfectly mixed bodies and metals lack soul and organs of life, growing merely by mechanical aggregation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c63cd593cbf3c0fd742521?page=59","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1546,"wd":"1516–1575, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1575},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"Elucidation of Secrets","a":"Lullius, Raimundus|Bernhardus Trevisanus|[Alanus de Insulis]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"sun-stars","q":"Therefore, the Spirit is the Life and Soul of the Earth, which dwells within her and receives its influence from the Heavenly Siderial realm into the earthly.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Earth is not dead and possesses a living Spirit as its Life and Soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b079adfbc5a3161ad43fb?page=504","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1282,"wd":"1247–1316, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1247,"wt":1316},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1677,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Writings","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The life in the earth brings forth all that grows out of it, and whoever says the earth is dead speaks no truth; for a dead thing can communicate nothing to a living thing, and access <note>original: \"Zugang\"—referring to the influence or transmission of life-force</note> has an end in the dead, for the spirit of life has flown away.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the earth is not dead and that a spirit of life dwelling within it acts as its life and soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3af4d5bdc7b3df604c?page=99","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1604,"wd":"c. 1600-1620","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1599,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1677,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Writings","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The ore or metal then takes in the inhalation that arises from its internal work, and makes use of it; for one sees that the physical elements cannot penetrate deep into the earth.","why":"The text describes metals and the earth engaging in respiration (inhalation and inward/outward breath) to take in nourishment.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3af4d5bdc7b3df604c?page=632","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1604,"wd":"c. 1600-1620","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1599,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"On Subtlety","a":"Girolamo Cardano","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"it is manifest that metallic bodies and even stones themselves are alive.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metallic bodies and stones are alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/0a481175-492d-46c5-95b9-8042e7b6710a?page=166","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1533,"wd":"1516–1550, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1550},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"On Subtlety","a":"Girolamo Cardano","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Thus, a metal or metallic substance is nothing other than a buried plant, born entirely under the earth.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that metals are buried plants possessing life and nutrition underground.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/0a481175-492d-46c5-95b9-8042e7b6710a?page=167","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":1533,"wd":"1516–1550, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1550},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Sędziwój, Michał: Novvm Lvmen Chymicvm","a":"Sędziwój, Michał","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"for these metals, especially common gold, are dead, but ours are living, having spirit, which must be taken entirely","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that philosophical metals are living and possess spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a26b8de61b3857ed05a70bb?page=22","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"metals are alive","yw":1593,"wd":"1575–1610, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1610},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1572,"ye":null,"t":"The Gold-Making Art, or the Assembly of the Philosophers","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"And according to the variety of the sulfur and its multiplication, diverse metals are procreated in the earth; for their first matter is one and the same, yet they differ among themselves solely by accidental action, that is, by greater or lesser decoction, by being tempered or untempered, by burning or not burning.","why":"The text describes metals as being procreated in the womb of the earth from sulfur and mercury.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4d652853c26e0d1560d3d?page=526","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"womb of the earth","yw":1572,"wd":"c. 1100–1572","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1572},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1743,"ye":null,"t":"Origenis opera omnia et quae eius nomine circumferuntur / Tomus primus.","a":"Origen (184-253)","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"We think they can be designated as living beings because they are said to receive commands from God, which is something usually done only for rational beings.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stars can be designated as living and rational beings possessing souls.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a100a46f71729295096edcb?page=90","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":227,"wd":"199–254, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":199,"wt":254},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"The Way of the Bodhisattva with Commentary","a":"Śāntideva","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"In the unconscious, which is to say in inert matter.","why":"The text explicitly argues that matter lacks consciousness and is inert matter, refuting the claim that the material world feels pleasure.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a308272675ed2bdbe36f649?page=567","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"inert matter","yw":732,"wd":"700–763, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":700,"wt":763},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1747,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemical Writings","a":"Bernhardus Trevisanus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"growth-seed","q":"For after the parent Earth has conceived from Jove the seed of celestial essence, she fosters it in her bosom and nourishes it with her milk, or with the fatness that is born in the breasts of the earth (as Sendivogius says), until it has reached its perfection.","why":"The passage directly describes the earth conceiving celestial seed and nourishing it to perfection as mature offspring.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3a696f7923ca0f5c12?page=22","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"womb of the earth","yw":1600,"wd":"16th-17th century compilation","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1583,"wt":1700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1747,"ye":null,"t":"Alchemical Writings","a":"Bernhardus Trevisanus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For Nature, without further addition, simply and in a most wondrous way, makes gold out of the single quicksilver <mercury> within the veins of the earth, though in a very long time: Our...","why":"The text explicitly describes metals being formed within the 'veins of the earth'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6978ee3a696f7923ca0f5c12?page=53","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1600,"wd":"16th-17th century compilation","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1583,"wt":1700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1784,"ye":null,"t":"Traktat von den ersten Elementen","a":"anonymous","lg":"auto-detect","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Although there is a very perfect and firm seed within it, if someone were to place it in the earth to multiply it, much time, effort, and work would be required to bring it to germination.","why":"The passage explicitly states that gold contains a seed capable of germination and multiplication in the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ef364b6c5c0455cc3f67a5","fm":true,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"womb of the earth","yw":1784,"wd":"c. 1700–1784","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1784},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷六十九: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 252)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The Yunlin Stone Manual <note>original: 雲林石譜</note> notes that in Changguo County of Mingzhou, near the shallow shores along the sea, Bead-Stones grow on the water's bottom.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stones ('Bead-Stones') grow on the water's bottom.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c60e240c88a541d8eb97b?page=101","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1743,"ye":null,"t":"Wasserstein der Weisen. Via veritatis","a":"[Siebmacher, Johann Ambrosius]|Meung, Jean de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"When your eyes are opened, you will find my secrets in the Mineris <gloss>ores or minerals</gloss> and see that all stones grow from the elements.","why":"The text explicitly states that 'all stones grow from the elements', directly meeting the criterion of stones growing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6ebe4da9771c7163148a5?page=141","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1604–1619","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1604,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1489,"ye":null,"t":"Natural History","a":"Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny, the Elder)","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Which remains a true conjecture that we do not wrongly estimate the moon to be a spirit, and this is what causes the earth to swell, and when it comes it fills the bodies, and when it departs it empties them.","why":"The text explicitly estimates the moon to be a spirit that swells the earth and fills bodies.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb421040d1d5e20b4fbd?page=52","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":77,"wd":"77","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":77,"wt":77},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1760,"ye":null,"t":"Wasserstein der Weisen. Via veritatis","a":"[Siebmacher, Johann Ambrosius]|Meung, Jean de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"...see that all stones grow from the elements.","why":"The text explicitly states that stones grow from the elements.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6e994da9771c7163146db?page=155","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1604–1619","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1604,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1648,"ye":null,"t":"Musaeum metallicum","a":"Ulisse Aldrovandi","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"For just as small stones grow through added matter, and are gradually augmented: so around this stone, once generated, a certain matter separated from it spreads itself, congealing, and afterwards gradually hardening into stone, it constitutes the Aetites: for which reason it seems to bear before itself the form of a pregnant womb, and it has been discovered that it has never given birth: just as","why":"The passage states outright that small stones grow and are augmented through added matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6958e972813ea03889c33412?page=590","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1571,"wd":"1537–1605, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1537,"wt":1605},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1760,"ye":null,"t":"Wasserstein der Weisen. Via veritatis","a":"[Siebmacher, Johann Ambrosius]|Meung, Jean de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"He sees how she creates all kinds of herbs, grass, trees, and shrubs on the circumference of the earth through the power of her life-giving spirit.","why":"The text explicitly describes nature producing vegetation through the power of an animating, life-giving spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6e994da9771c7163146db?page=19","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1610,"wd":"c. 1604–1619","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1604,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1596,"ye":null,"t":"Itinerary: Voyage to the East or Portuguese Indies","a":"Jan Huyghen van Linschoten","lg":"Dutch","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"...grow inside the stomach of a sheep or goat / and it is grown upon a thin little stalk / which lies in the middle / around which the stone grows / as one often finds the little stalk therein by experience; the stone is very plain and smooth on the outside; of a dark greenish color.","why":"The text explicitly states that bezoar stones grow around a central stalk inside the animal's stomach, matching the criterion of stones growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5d8d3a63a00aaae8aab0d?page=192","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1587,"wd":"1578–1596, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1578,"wt":1596},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1625,"ye":null,"t":"L' histoire du monde de C. Pline second ...","a":"Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"After this roll, there was still another of the following cities: Baracum, Buluba, Alafi, Balsa, Galla, Maxala, Zizama, and Mount Gytus, where precious stones grow, as his placard stated.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that precious stones grow on Mount Gytus.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e8bf6d63c919747b5a1?page=173","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":95,"wd":"76–113, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":76,"wt":113},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1625,"ye":null,"t":"L' histoire du monde de C. Pline second ...","a":"Plinius Caecilius Secundus, Gaius","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Precious stones grow naturally; and new ones often emerge that have no names.","why":"The text explicitly states that precious stones grow naturally.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e8bf6d63c919747b5a1?page=1458","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":95,"wd":"76–113, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":76,"wt":113},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1700,"ye":null,"t":"Select Observations on Literary Matters","a":"Unknown","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Stones grow, p. 360.","why":"The text explicitly states that stones grow, matching the criterion for minerals growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698420e35484bd017cef00ec?page=987","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1701,"wd":"1700-1702","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1702},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1492,"ye":null,"t":"Prognosticatio [German]","a":"Lichtenberger, Johannes","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"sun-stars","q":"Noble stones grow through the power of the stars.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that noble stones grow through celestial influence, matching the criteria where stones grow or ripen.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcabf1040d1d5e20ae5b5?page=57","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"lexical","ph":"stones grow","yw":1474,"wd":"1455–1492, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1455,"wt":1492},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"A History of Magic and Experimental Science, Vol. II","a":"Lynn Thorndike","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"When asked whether the stars are living beings, he replies that he considers anyone to be lacking in sense who argues that the stars lack senses.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Adelard considers the stars to be living beings with senses and calls them superior animals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699069252f82e0fda48046c3?page=54","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1910,"wd":"1897–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1923},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Platos Timaeus","a":"Chalcidius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Opinion of Rabbi Moses the Egyptian that the heavens are animals. xxxvii.","why":"The text explicitly notes the claim that the heavens are animals (living beings).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699051d18d19cbc90d9d5136?page=146","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":358,"wd":"316–400, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":316,"wt":400},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1662,"ye":null,"t":"A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More","a":"Henry More","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, it being here acknowledged that Matter is inert, or destitute of vital sympathy and shared activity, Spirit must be vital, and endowed with such properties.","why":"The passage explicitly argues that matter is inert and destitute of vital sympathy and shared activity.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695259b3ab34727b1f045d8e?page=22","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1646,"wd":"1629–1662, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1629,"wt":1662},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1581,"ye":null,"t":"Peripatetic Discussions in Four Volumes","a":"Francesco Patrizi","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"not-stated","q":"That the stars are living beings 78.","why":"The text explicitly states that the stars are living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991ed378bec46532eb4a4a9?page=494","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1562,"wd":"1543–1581, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1543,"wt":1581},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1662,"ye":null,"t":"A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More","a":"Henry More","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"not-stated","q":"Since I clearly perceived that all movements could arise from the one that is corporeal and mechanical alone, I held it as certain and demonstrated that it can in no way be proven by us that there is any thinking soul in brute animals.","why":"Descartes argues that all animal movements proceed solely from mechanical and corporeal principles without a thinking soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695259b3ab34727b1f045d8e?page=316","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"automata","yw":1646,"wd":"1629–1662, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1629,"wt":1662},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"Le Opere Italiane di Giordano Bruno","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"And that those [the stars] are so many intellectual animals: and that within them, no less do many and innumerable individuals, both simple and compound, flourish and possess understanding; just as we see life and growth on the back of this world.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the stars are 'so many intellectual animals' containing flourishing individuals with understanding.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695272feab34727b1f048676?page=122","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1582,"wd":"1563–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1563,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"Le Opere Italiane di Giordano Bruno","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"I leave aside that the earth being an animal <note>Bruno viewed the Earth as a living, ensouled organism</note>, and consequently a dissimilar body, it should not be judged a cold body because of some parts—mostly external ones ventilated by the air—when by other members, which are greater in number and size, it must be believed to be both hot and very hot.","why":"The text explicitly refers to the earth as an animal with physiological members and compares planetary globes to animal species.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695272feab34727b1f048676?page=167","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1582,"wd":"1563–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1563,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"Le Opere Italiane di Giordano Bruno","a":"Giordano Bruno","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"As it is more than likely (given that everything participates in life) that many and innumerable individuals live not only in us, but in all composite things.","why":"The passage explicitly states that everything participates in life and that innumerable individuals live in all composite things.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695272feab34727b1f048676?page=169","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1582,"wd":"1563–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1563,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1641,"ye":null,"t":"On Gentile Theology and Christian Physiology","a":"Gerardus Johannes Vossius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"For each of these is said to be not only a living creature, but even a mind entirely most pure.","why":"The passage explicitly quotes Philo asserting that stars are living creatures and minds/souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b18655c4be2cdd0edc5eb7?page=503","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1617,"wd":"1592–1641, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1641},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Greek Doxographers","a":"Diels, Hermann","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Plato and Aristotle say there are four kinds of living things: terrestrial, aquatic, winged, and celestial; for even the stars are living beings, and the world itself is a rational, immortal living being.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stars are living beings and the world itself is a rational, immortal living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aeb589e43bbf40ffe04937?page=672","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1871,"wd":"1863–1879, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1879},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1617,"ye":null,"t":"The History of the Two Worlds","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"not-stated","q":"That the heaven and the stars are living animals, 150.","why":"The text explicitly records the claim that the heaven and the stars are living animals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952dac677f38f6761bc683a?page=225","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1603,"wd":"1589–1617, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"The Contest of Wisdom with Folly","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"By His sole and all-sufficient being-making <note>original: \"essentifica\"</note> virtue, He is present everywhere in the world, animating it and preserving all things within it by His benevolent presence.","why":"The passage explicitly states that God is present everywhere in the world, animating the world itself through His being-making virtue.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699ef9fc7543a5cb5d64cf08?page=53","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":1609,"wd":"1589–1629, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1629},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1535,"ye":null,"t":"Seven Books of Divine Institutes by Lucius Caelius Firmianus Lactantius","a":"Egnazio, Giovanni Battista","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"Because the philosophers did not see this skill of divine power in engineering the journeys of the stars, they thought the stars were living creatures, as if they proceeded by feet and of their own accord, not by divine reason.","why":"Lactantius explicitly rejects the philosophers' belief that stars are living creatures, arguing their motion is engineered by divine reason rather than their own volition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08528e49638a50931baaad?page=135","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":308,"wd":"c. 303–311","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":303,"wt":311},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"The Library of Photius (English)","a":"Photius I; J.H. Freese (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"not-stated","q":"He also asserts that the Father’s influence pervades all existing things, while the Son’s influence reaches only rational beings, and the Holy Spirit’s reaches only those who are saved. He makes other strange and ungodly statements, indulging in foolish talk about the reincarnation <note>original: \"migration\"</note> of souls, the idea that stars are living beings, and similar notions.","why":"The text explicitly reports Origen's assertion that stars are living beings.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955801357e3b773024f528d?page=27","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"stars are living","yw":851,"wd":"801–900","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":801,"wt":900},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"The Great Secret, or Occultism Unveiled","a":"Eliphas Lévi","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"not-stated","q":"The souls of the stars, chained by the","why":"The text explicitly attributes souls to stars ('The souls of the stars').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6959329ab91a6184ea943e19?page=266","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1850,"wd":"1825–1875, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1825,"wt":1875},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The System of the World: A History of Cosmological Doctrines from Plato to Copernicus, Vol. I","a":"Pierre Duhem","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The souls of the stars know eternally that they go around the earth, know eternally that they live.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes souls to stars and affirms that they eternally live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af5946522dc3dfdf725a23?page=285","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1895,"wd":"1876–1913, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1913},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1591,"ye":null,"t":"The Mystical Philosophy of the Egyptians and Chaldeans","a":"Aristoteles, v384-v322","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"It must be explored whether the solar and lunar soul, or a stellar one or another, that is, of the celestial orb, has memory.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes souls to the sun, moon, stars, and celestial orb.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e1a261c58d63664fac3?page=46","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1100,"wd":"c. 1000–1200","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1000,"wt":1200},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1585,"ye":null,"t":"The Shepherd of Men","a":"Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"I speak of statues, O Asclepius, that are animated, full of sense and spirit, and performing great deeds.","why":"The text explicitly describes statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6985ca72b037546226b9db91?page=25","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100-300 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1712,"ye":null,"t":"Disputatio theologica inauguralis qua theologiae fanaticae fundamentum de tribus partibus hominis corpore anim","a":"Wiedeburg, Christoph Tobias","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"the second is the soul of the universal body; the third is this entire machine which we see.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the cosmos as ensouled, stating that the second world is the soul of the universal body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c851df6c6f3cc53c853242?page=31","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1690,"wd":"1662–1717, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1662,"wt":1717},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1585,"ye":null,"t":"The Shepherd of Men","a":"Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"...matter: it is therefore intellect; and so the heaven understands, and it is animated <note>meaning it possesses a soul or life-force</note>.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the heaven is animated, understands, and is formally one animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6985ca72b037546226b9db91?page=102","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100-300 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"Pymander, Asclepius, and On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Hermes Trismegistus|Jamblichus|Proclus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The souls of the stars also move the sight in certain new ways.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to 'The souls of the stars', directly asserting that stars are ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c4ec33a3a4a7c546ee6123","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"Pymander, Asclepius, and On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Hermes Trismegistus|Jamblichus|Proclus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"This is his act: to move all things and to breathe life into all things.","why":"The text explicitly states that God's act is to move all things and breathe life into all things, affirming an animating breath across nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c4ec33a3a4a7c546ee6123?page=90","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"The Theology of Aristotle (Arabic Text, Dieterici)","a":"Pseudo-Aristotle","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus it is said of the vegetable soul that it is entirely living; for all souls are alive.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the vegetable (plant) soul exists and is entirely living.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1ddf7fbf2dd065f998f5?page=35","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":845,"wd":"c. 840–850","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":840,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1856,"ye":null,"t":"Porphyry: Philosophy from Oracles (Fragments, Wolff Edition)","a":"Porphyry","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus Plato had said that the souls of the stars have a fiery nature, while spirits have matter mixed in.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stars possess souls by referencing 'the souls of the stars'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1d977fbf2dd065f98879?page=228","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":275,"wd":"248–301, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":248,"wt":301},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"The Theology of Aristotle (Arabic Text, Dieterici)","a":"Pseudo-Aristotle","lg":"German","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, when the souls of the stars reach certain dimensions and certain zodiac signs, we must say that they have passed through that dimension, left that sign, and entered another.","why":"The passage explicitly states that stars possess souls ('the souls of the stars').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1ddf7fbf2dd065f998f5?page=331","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":845,"wd":"c. 840–850","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":840,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"The Theology of Aristotle (Arabic Text, Dieterici)","a":"Pseudo-Aristotle","lg":"German","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"We know that they revolve around the earth and that they are eternally alive.","why":"The text explicitly states that the stars are eternally alive and have souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1ddf7fbf2dd065f998f5?page=332","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":845,"wd":"c. 840–850","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":840,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"The Theology of Aristotle (Arabic Text, Dieterici)","a":"Pseudo-Aristotle","lg":"German","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"We wish to examine the souls of the sun, the moon, and the other stars to see if they possess memory.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes souls and intellects to the sun, moon, and stars.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1ddf7fbf2dd065f998f5?page=333","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":845,"wd":"c. 840–850","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":840,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, effort must be given so that we contemplate the souls of the stars more than their bodies; and the super-celestial intellectual world more than the celestial corporeal world.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that stars possess souls ('souls of the stars').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/0c19cab9-00d4-49b1-ace1-9122b5a45cc9?page=224","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1517,"wd":"1501–1533, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1533},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1615,"ye":null,"t":"Tractatus posthumus Jani Jacobi Boissardi ... De divinatione &amp; magicis praestigiis: quarum veritas ac vani","a":"Boissard, Jean Jacques","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"and the souls of the stars move their appearance in certain ways.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes souls to the stars, confirming they are ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e106120d54bd037b2d8?page=61","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1573,"wd":"1543–1602, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1543,"wt":1602},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1794,"ye":null,"t":"Five Books of Plotinus","a":"Plotinus; tr. Thomas Taylor","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Plato likewise asserts that the souls of the stars are affected in the same manner toward their subject bodies as the soul of the world; for he considers the motions of their bodies","why":"The passage explicitly attributes souls to both the world and the stars.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69d148c41c2a66dc094b2461?page=338","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1531,"ye":null,"t":"Agrippa: De Occulta Philosophia, Book II (1531)","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, care has been taken that we might contemplate the souls of the stars more than their bodies: the supercelestial intellectual world more than the celestial corporeal one: since the former is more noble, although the latter is also distinguished and exists as a preliminary to the former: and without which middle way one cannot obtain the influx of that superior one.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that stars possess souls (\"the souls of the stars\").","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4cc3dd2bf9b45ea4796f8?page=357","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1516,"wd":"1501–1531, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1531},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1883,"ye":null,"t":"The Theology of Aristotle (Dieterici German Translation)","a":"Pseudo-Aristotle","lg":"German","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"We know that the stars orbit the earth and are eternally living.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the stars orbit the earth and are eternally living.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1de77fbf2dd065f99ab1?page=338","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":845,"wd":"c. 840–850","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":840,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1883,"ye":null,"t":"The Theology of Aristotle (Dieterici German Translation)","a":"Pseudo-Aristotle","lg":"German","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"We wish to examine the souls of the Sun, the Moon, and the rest of the stars to see if they possess memory.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes souls and intellect to the Sun, Moon, and stars.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a7c1de77fbf2dd065f99ab1?page=339","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":845,"wd":"c. 840–850","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":840,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1489,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books on Life","a":"Ficinus, Marsilius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"the world entirely lives and breathes, and it is permitted for us to draw in its spirit.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the world entirely lives and breathes and has a spirit that animates it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc9fe1040d1d5e20a8528?page=100","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1668,"ye":null,"t":"Leviathan","a":"Thomas Hobbes","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"human-community","s":"maker-craft","q":"For since life is nothing other than the motion of limbs, the principle of which is internal in some principal part of the Body, what prevents us from saying that all Automata, or all machines that have motion from springs and wheels arranged within, like clocks in themselves, also have artificial life?","why":"Hobbes explicitly defines life as nothing other than mechanical motion of limbs and reduces anatomical organs to mere mechanical parts like springs and wheels.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b18a82c4be2cdd0edc7f8e?page=9","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"automata","yw":1651,"wd":"1651","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1651,"wt":1651},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"Synesius On Dreams, Iamblichus, Proclus & Porphyry (Ficino)","a":"Synesius; Iamblichus; Proclus; Porphyry; Marsilio Ficino (tr","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The souls of the stars also move the appearance in certain new ways.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to 'The souls of the stars', asserting that stars possess souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d4406b196d69f66fecb?page=91","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"souls of the stars","yw":350,"wd":"c. 200–413","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":200,"wt":413},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1522,"ye":null,"t":"The Collected Works of Girolamo Benivieni","a":"Benivieni, Girolamo","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus, from this source—that is, from the moving soul of the heavens called Jove <note>original: \"Gioue\"; Jove or Jupiter, whom the author, following Plato, identifies here as the \"World Soul\" that animates the universe</note> in Plato’s Symposium—there is born down here, in the lower matter represented by Plato as <margin>Dione</margin> Dione, VENUS: that is, the sensible beauty of physical bodies.","why":"The text explicitly refers to 'the moving soul of the heavens', directly affirming an ensouled or soul-moved cosmos/heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84e6f1450a3574a387f","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1495,"wd":"1468–1522, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1468,"wt":1522},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1522,"ye":null,"t":"The Collected Works of Girolamo Benivieni","a":"Benivieni, Girolamo","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"From this one, then—that is, from the moving soul of the heavens <term>moving soul of the heavens: known as the Anima Mundi or World Soul, which bridges the gap between the purely spiritual realm and the physical universe</term> called Jupiter <note>original: \"Gioue\"</note> by Plato in the Symposium—there is born here below (that is, in the inferior matter signified by Plato as <margin>Dione</margin> Dione) VENUS, which is the sensible beauty of bodies.","why":"The text explicitly refers to the moving soul of the heavens that moves, feels, and lives.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e84e6f1450a3574a387f?page=132","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1495,"wd":"1468–1522, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1468,"wt":1522},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1508,"ye":null,"t":"De triplici disciplina","a":"Champier, Symphorien","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The second is the soul of the universal body.","why":"The text explicitly identifies the second world as the soul of the universal body, asserting the cosmos has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7dcca25ec2ba5ccd80881","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1497,"wd":"1486–1508, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1486,"wt":1508},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1508,"ye":null,"t":"De triplici disciplina","a":"Champier, Symphorien","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"You see, lest you yourself should lack confidence, that statues are animated, endowed with sense, and full of spirit, doing such great things and such deeds.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that statues are animated, endowed with sense, and full of spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7dcca25ec2ba5ccd80881?page=433","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1497,"wd":"1486–1508, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1486,"wt":1508},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1508,"ye":null,"t":"De triplici disciplina","a":"Champier, Symphorien","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"He affirms that statues are foreknowing of the future, animated, and full of sense and spirit, doing such great and various things.","why":"Statues are explicitly reported as being affirmed to be animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7dcca25ec2ba5ccd80881?page=435","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1497,"wd":"1486–1508, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1486,"wt":1508},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1508,"ye":null,"t":"De triplici disciplina","a":"Champier, Symphorien","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The second is the soul of the universal body.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe has a soul ('the soul of this world', 'soul of the universal body').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7dcca25ec2ba5ccd80881?page=418","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1497,"wd":"1486–1508, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1486,"wt":1508},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the Philosophers)","a":"Al-Ghazali","lg":"Arabic","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The causes of these temporal events terminate in circular motion, and this circular motion is eternal, its source being an eternal soul of the heavens.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the eternal circular motion of the heavens has its source in an eternal soul of the heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906543726f64800c10abfe?page=276","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1091,"wd":"1071–1111, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1071,"wt":1111},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the Philosophers)","a":"Al-Ghazali","lg":"Arabic","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"the cause of the motion is the soul of the heavens, and the cause of the soul’s causing motion is the yearning to imitate God and the angels","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a soul to the heavens and describes celestial motion as soul-moved through its yearning.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906543726f64800c10abfe?page=300","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1091,"wd":"1071–1111, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1071,"wt":1111},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1495,"ye":null,"t":"Repertory of the Authorities of Aristotle and Other Philosophers","a":"Beda","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"It is understood that through inherence, it is nevertheless an act of assistance or appropriate existence, and thus it is of the intellective soul and is the soul of the heavens.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a separate intellective soul serves as the soul of the heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc87a1040d1d5e2099edd?page=68","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1400,"wd":"c. 1300–1480","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1480},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the Philosophers)","a":"Al-Ghazali","lg":"Arabic","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The cause of this movement is the soul of the heavens, an","why":"The passage explicitly states that the cause of circular heavenly motion is the soul of the heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906543726f64800c10abfe?page=299","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1091,"wd":"1071–1111, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1071,"wt":1111},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1486,"ye":null,"t":"The 900 Theses","a":"Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463-1494)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Whoever denies that the heavens are animated—such that their mover is not their form—not only contradicts Aristotle but destroys the very foundations of all philosophy.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the heavens are animated (ensouled), stating that denying this destroys the foundations of philosophy.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/694f8d99efce46492e19fdad?page=37","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1482,"wd":"1478–1486, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1478,"wt":1486},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1486,"ye":null,"t":"The 900 Theses","a":"Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463-1494)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Every motor of the heavens is the soul of its own sphere, making with it a more substantial unity than that which exists between the soul of an ox and its matter.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that each celestial sphere is ensouled, with its motor being the soul of the sphere.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/694f8d99efce46492e19fdad?page=13","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1482,"wd":"1478–1486, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1478,"wt":1486},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1601,"ye":null,"t":"Ioannis Pici Mirandulae Opera Omnia","a":"Giovanni Pico della Mirandola; Gianfrancesco Pico","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"From this, therefore—that is, from the motive soul of the heavens, called Jove in the <term>Symposium</term> <gloss>Plato’s dialogue on the nature of love</gloss> by Plato—is born down here, in the inferior matter signified by Plato as Dione, Venus, that is, the sensible beauty of bodies; just as from heaven, that is, from God, is born through the intellect—the angelic mind—the other Venus, which is the celestial beauty.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a motive soul to the heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aeac132834f3a3bf99ff66?page=578","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1486,"wd":"1478–1494, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1478,"wt":1494},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1590,"ye":null,"t":"The Complete Works of the Divine Plato","a":"Plato; trans. Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"<note>Socrates refers to his mythical ancestor Dædalus, the legendary inventor whose statues were said to be so lifelike they would walk away if not tied down.</note>","why":"The text explicitly describes Daedalus' statues as being so lifelike they would walk away if not tied down.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/adefe2d5-88a7-4595-9885-903a93abee51?page=84","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1590,"ye":null,"t":"The Complete Works of the Divine Plato","a":"Plato; trans. Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sympathy-love","q":"For the soul of the heavens is present as a whole simultaneously in any given point of the heavens.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a soul to the heavens ('the soul of the heavens') that moves them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/adefe2d5-88a7-4595-9885-903a93abee51?page=810","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"Summa on Creatures","a":"Albertus Magnus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"And it seems that it is: because this can be had expressly, [as] the Philosopher sees in the 2nd [book of] On the Heavens and the Earth; the Philosopher says that if the heaven has a soul and the principle of motion is in it, then undoubtedly there are \"upward\" and \"downward,\" \"right\" and \"left.\"","why":"The passage explicitly discusses and cites authorities positing that the heaven has a soul and its spheres are soul-moved.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc7d21040d1d5e20947ee?page=55","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1244,"wd":"1208–1280, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1208,"wt":1280},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Mirror of Stones and the Sympathy of the Seven Metals to the Planets","a":"Camillo Leonardi; Petrus Arlensis de Scudalupis","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, since Heaven is an intellectual living being, moving itself rationally, a spirit of life appears to consist within it.","why":"Heaven is explicitly stated to be an intellectual living being with a spirit of life and a moving soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991d8cd8c1030b12444cac5?page=350","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1508,"wd":"1416–1600, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1416,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1500,"ye":null,"t":"On the Soul","a":"Avicenna","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"When he says that the soul of the heavens and the vegetative soul come [into the definition] in an equivocal way, because this definition is only for a soul that is in a composite [body].","why":"The text explicitly discusses the 'soul of the heavens' and 'vegetative soul' as ensouled entities possessing soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc8531040d1d5e20984bf?page=7","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1016,"wd":"995–1037, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":995,"wt":1037},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Collection of Kabbalistic Treatises (Hebrew Manuscript)","a":"Various Kabbalists","lg":"Hebrew","tr":"kabbalah","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"The last <note>original: \"Ha-Achrona\"</note> upon the hand, and it is the Foundation <term>Yesod: the ninth Sefirah, serving as the channel through which divine energy flows into the physical world</term>, which is the soul of the heavens.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Foundation is 'the soul of the heavens,' attributing a soul to the heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6956eb52f23ebf30578dbb85?page=82","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1300,"wd":"13th-15th century","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1200,"wt":1500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1578,"ye":null,"t":"Spiritual Journey","a":"Cornelio Bellanda","lg":"Italian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"for the first of the intelligences, called the soul of the Heavens, moving its Heaven, all rare and all transparent, over the poles from East to West in the space of twenty-four hours, communicating the virtue of its motion to the other","why":"The passage explicitly describes the celestial spheres as soul-moved by an intelligence called the soul of the Heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08533949638a50931bc54e?page=185","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of the heavens","yw":1532,"wd":"1486–1578, around the author's floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1486,"wt":1578},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1571,"ye":null,"t":"On the Animation of the Heavens","a":"Espence, Claude d'","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"These things [the celestial bodies] even rejoice when He is adored and worshipped, and they do not willingly accept that the honor due to the Creator be bestowed upon a creature.","why":"The passage outright attributes sensation, rejoicing, and will to celestial bodies like the Sun, Moon, and stars.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e40cf111105c42992e9?page=21","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1568,"wd":"c. 1565–1571","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1565,"wt":1571},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"De vitis, sectis, et dogmatibus omnium haereticorum, qui ab orbe condito, ad nostra usque tempora, &amp; veter","a":"Du Préau, Gabriel","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"In addition to this, he used to say that the heaven, sun, moon, stars, and the waters which are above the heavens are animated and are certain rational virtues.","why":"The text explicitly reports Origen's claim that heaven, the sun, moon, stars, and waters above the heavens are animated and rational.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9d1f6120d54bd037384b?page=450","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1548,"wd":"1526–1569, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1526,"wt":1569},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1571,"ye":null,"t":"On the Animation of the Heavens","a":"Espence, Claude d'","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"But it has been said so many times before from Thomas that the heavens are animated, not in the way plants or animals are, but equivocally.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the heavens are animated, even if equivocally compared to terrestrial life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e40cf111105c42992e9?page=104","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1568,"wd":"c. 1565–1571","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1565,"wt":1571},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1571,"ye":null,"t":"On the Animation of the Heavens","a":"Espence, Claude d'","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"He proceeds, and also adds that according to the Prophets, the heavens are animated, because they are simply more outstanding or perfect than even animated humans, specifically in the perfection of nature or substance, although not adventitious or gratuitous, by which there is nothing preventing humans from exceeding and excelling the stars, and even certain angels.","why":"The text explicitly states that according to the Prophets, the heavens are animated.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e40cf111105c42992e9?page=73","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1568,"wd":"c. 1565–1571","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1565,"wt":1571},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1472,"ye":null,"t":"[... predicaciones ... de adventu]","a":"Caracciolo, Roberto","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"For they are inanimate and insensible.","why":"The text explicitly argues alongside John of Damascus and Bonaventure that the heavens and luminaries are inanimate and insensible rather than animated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6318d1c1c21a37380862a?page=248","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1456,"wd":"1440–1472, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1440,"wt":1472},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1499,"ye":null,"t":"Questions on the Philosophy and Metaphysics of Aristotle","a":"Tartaretus, Petrus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"And if someone should ask what we should say to him, since he says in the text that the heaven is ensouled, it is answered that the objection calls the soul of the heaven what should be understood regarding its edition.","why":"The text discusses the heaven being ensouled and affirms that the sphere is soul-moved by an intelligence joined to it as its proper mover.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcc1c0f8c5edf20f45b4d?page=146","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1484,"wd":"1469–1499, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1469,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1494,"ye":null,"t":"Textus abbreviatus in cursum totius physices et metaphysicorum Aristotelis. Add: Georgius Bruxellensis: Quaest","a":"Bricot, Thomas","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"To the first: that in perfect animals every position of difference is found, and the nature of the thing is distinct; but heaven is animated, therefore the six differences of position are found in it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that heaven is animated in order to deduce that the six positional differences apply to it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de2014124ad24b67c44764?page=235","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":1490,"wd":"c. 1486–1494","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1486,"wt":1494},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1519,"ye":null,"t":"Libri de Coelo IIII","a":"Aristotle; Argyropoulos, Johannes (trans.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"The first is that the heavens or celestial bodies are animated, and thus heaven is composed of matter and soul.","why":"The text explicitly presents the position that the heavens or celestial bodies are animated and composed of matter and soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aec410a1e0be599604e152?page=250","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"heavens are animated","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1578,"ye":null,"t":"Directory for Inquisitors","a":"Nicolas Eymerich; Francisco Pegna (comm.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"13. Item: That the heaven is animated by an intellectual soul.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the heaven is animated by an intellectual soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990612b322e01b1349a39cf?page=206","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1351,"wd":"1301–1400","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1301,"wt":1400},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1605,"ye":null,"t":"The Magical World of the Heroes","a":"Cesare della Riviera","lg":"Italian","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"insofar as, the celestial souls descending (say the Platonists) into matter, suitably prepared according to magical precepts and made capable of celestial favor, are wont to bring to it, with the virtue of their spirits, a certain marvelous life;","why":"Crafted objects like statues and the dove are explicitly said to receive celestial souls and a marvelous life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991ebd395b4fa4666a719a0?page=192","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1605,"wd":"1605 (first ed. 1603)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1582,"wt":1605},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Henrici Cornelii Agrippae ... De occulta philosophia libri tres","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Philosophers have posited, as we showed above, that the heavens and the stars are divine living beings, and that their souls are intelligent, participating in the divine mind","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the heavens and stars are divine living beings possessing intelligent souls that move their bodies.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9ca46120d54bd037001f?page=258","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1517,"wd":"1501–1533, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1533},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Henrici Cornelii Agrippae ... De occulta philosophia libri tres","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"For every individual, when it begins to be under a determined horoscope and celestial constellation, contracts with its being a certain marvelous virtue of acting and suffering—a marvelous thing, even beyond that which it has from its species—both through the influx of the heavens and through the obedience of the matter of generable things to the soul of the world, which is indeed of such a kind as is the obedience of our body to our souls.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the existence of the 'soul of the world' and 'celestial souls' moving matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9ca46120d54bd037001f?page=33","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1517,"wd":"1501–1533, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1533},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1572,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Giovanni Francesco Pico","a":"Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 1463-1494; Pico della Mirand","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Its cause is the sensible Heaven, animated by that virtue which moves, just as the cause of beauty and intelligible Venus was that first and true intelligible God.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the sensible Heaven as animated by the moving virtue of a celestial soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e4147b06ecd5818c44d?page=859","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1486,"wd":"1478–1494, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1478,"wt":1494},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"It is no less absurd to suggest that the heavens, the stars, and the elements—which most abundantly provide life and soul to others—should themselves lack life.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the heavens, stars, and elements possess life and soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/694bf8d2343422769f237558?page=350","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1481,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Book of Aristotle on the Soul","a":"Paulus Venetus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For plants have a soul and are not animals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that 'plants have a soul and are not animals', directly matching the criterion that plants have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb121040d1d5e20b184a?page=95","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":1407,"wd":"1384–1429, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1384,"wt":1429},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1536,"ye":null,"t":"Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. fr. 167","a":"Jean Thenaud","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Likewise, the soul, by its inferior vivifying portion, from which qualities and complexions take their source and birth, has a great alliance with the heavens; and, according to what Plato says, with the celestial souls, the elementary [souls] with their idols together with the elements.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the heavens and elements possess souls ('celestial souls, the elementary [souls]').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991c5563074a1745a410d31?page=100","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1516,"wd":"1495–1536, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1495,"wt":1536},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1536,"ye":null,"t":"Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. fr. 167","a":"Jean Thenaud","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Apelles made hinds, mares, goats, and other beasts in imagery and painting so lifelike that the males of the said beasts would stop, contend, and tarry to assault them.","why":"The text explicitly describes paintings made so lifelike that male beasts mistook them for real living animals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991c5563074a1745a410d31?page=63","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1516,"wd":"1495–1536, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1495,"wt":1536},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Journal of the Alchemical Society","a":"Unknown","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"For, just as the Soul moves all the limbs of the Body, so also does this Spirit move all bodies.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a Spirit or Soul of the World that animates and moves all physical bodies.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8982b6c6f3cc53c85ca37?page=48","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"celestial souls","yw":1913,"wd":"c. 1913–1915","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1913,"wt":1915},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1629,"ye":null,"t":"The Guide for the Perplexed","a":"Maimon, Moses ben","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"he held that each Sphere desires that Intelligence which is its own source, and which moves it with a motion unique to itself; and finally, that this Intelligence is the Mover of that particular Sphere.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a mind and desire to the celestial spheres to explain their motion.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a8670e680cef7cedae3aa?page=282","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":1177,"wd":"1150–1204, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1150,"wt":1204},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1581,"ye":null,"t":"De natura daemonum libri 4. Io. Laurentii Ananiae Tabernatis theologi","a":"Giovanni Lorenzo D'Anania","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"For this reason, the intelligences move the heavens rather than to be assimilated to God, as the philosophers say—for whose cause all other things appear to be made—since they greatly disturb and impede this act of creating, which looks to the highest charity of God.","why":"It explicitly mentions the philosophical doctrine that intelligences move the heavens.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0853e515c643eb1af51643?page=267","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":1571,"wd":"1560–1581, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1560,"wt":1581},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1481,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Divine Comedy","a":"Cristoforo Landino","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"The dead seemed dead and the living seemed alive;","why":"The crafted floor carvings are explicitly described as so lifelike that the living depicted seemed alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/25dfd63a-8080-4864-aa79-a0fcb1c76102?page=422","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1460,"wd":"1439–1481, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1439,"wt":1481},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1481,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Divine Comedy","a":"Cristoforo Landino","lg":"Italian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"And they were so lifelike that of the two senses—sight and hearing—the eye judged by their gestures that they were singing.","why":"The sculpted marble images are explicitly described as looking like living people and being so lifelike that the eyes judged they were singing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/25dfd63a-8080-4864-aa79-a0fcb1c76102?page=410","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1460,"wd":"1439–1481, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1439,"wt":1481},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Greater Work (Opus Majus), Vol. 2","a":"Bacon, Roger","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"For this reason, it is necessary that the intelligences move the orbs and the stars; and because every mover is more noble than the moved, it must be that such motors are incorruptible and ingenerable, although there are also other reasons for the same thing and the rest touched upon here.","why":"The passage explicitly states that celestial orbs and stars are moved by voluntary motion caused by intelligences possessing will or reason.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ac7f5a20878c5c9ba533b4?page=458","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":1267,"wd":"1267","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1267,"wt":1267},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1656,"ye":null,"t":"Morgen-Röte im Aufgangk das ist die Wurtzel oder Mutter der Philosophiae, Astrologiae und Theologiae, aus rech","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"they make the living motion and spirit of all creatures in this world.","why":"The text describes a vital spirit and surging motion in the elements that animates and constitutes all creatures.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9eedf6d63c919747d754?page=112","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1852,"ye":null,"t":"The Extant Works of Macrobius, Vol. 1","a":"Macrobius; Ludwig von Jan (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Divine bodies, of heaven and stars, the soul created first and animated C. I, 14, 8 (Cf. II, 17, 15; S. VII, 15, 14.)","why":"The passage explicitly states that the divine bodies of heaven and stars were created and animated by the soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00ec3312120db3b4899d5?page=711","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":408,"wd":"385–430, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":385,"wt":430},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Vol. V","a":"Albertus Magnus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus also in the work of nature, observe: for man, and even any animal whatsoever, is an image of the world moved by an intelligence.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the world as moved by an intelligence, paralleling the body moved by the soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af21d4f98f6eff774cb8bf?page=618","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"intelligences move","yw":1244,"wd":"1208–1280, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1208,"wt":1280},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Mosaicall philosophy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"For we observe—and not only we, but the animals themselves; even the very herbs and plants of the earth feel and, in a way, confess—that the Sun is the primary storehouse of life and growth in this world.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that herbs and plants feel, which meets the criterion that plants feel or have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f30fc1d3bd62674a04?page=87","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1613,"wd":"1589–1637, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1637},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1656,"ye":null,"t":"Morgen-Röte im Aufgangk das ist die Wurtzel oder Mutter der Philosophiae, Astrologiae und Theologiae, aus rech","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Even if there are many and various powers, everything still works in the Sun's power, and everything has its life from the Sun's power; look at whatever you will, whether it be in flesh or in metals or in growths of the earth.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that everything, including metals, has its life from the Sun's power.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9eedf6d63c919747d754?page=168","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Mosaicall philosophy","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"sympathy-love","q":"In conclusion, this suggests not only a physical sensation in its motion but a kind of reason in its actions: namely, its refusal of what is contrary to it, and its embracing and desiring of what agrees with its own harmony.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes physical sensation and a kind of reason/desire to the lodestone, an inanimate mineral.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f30fc1d3bd62674a04?page=234","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"sympathy and antipathy","yw":1613,"wd":"1589–1637, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1637},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1780,"ye":null,"t":"Die uralte Weisheit. Eine kurzgefasste Darstellung der Lehren der Theosophie","a":"Besant, Annie","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Everything has its life from the sun’s power, no matter what you look at, whether in flesh, or in metals, or in the plants of the earth.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that everything, including metals, has its life from the sun's power.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c863316c6f3cc53c855ca6","fm":true,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1880,"wd":"1862–1898, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1862,"wt":1898},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":null,"t":"Theosophy Revealed: The Complete Divine Writings of Jacob Boehme","a":"Böhme, Jakob","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Although it is many and various powers, yet everything works in the sun's power, and everything has its life from the sun's power, look at what you will, be it in flesh or in metals, or in growths of the earth.","why":"The text explicitly states that everything, specifically including metals, has its life from the sun's power.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e9aff09e4fe943b1c2c?page=125","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine Vol. II","a":"Helena Petrovna Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"theosophy","c":"sun","s":"sun-stars","q":"The Sun is the heart of the Solar World [System] and its brain is hidden behind the [visible] Sun.","why":"The text explicitly describes the solar system as an animated body with the Sun as its heart and brain, circulating life-essence.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695595e97bd6d2cd1d6203e7?page=269","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1869,"wd":"1846–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1891},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine Vol. II","a":"Helena Petrovna Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"He regarded the intermediate space between the sidereal bodies as a vacuum. Therefore he believed in \"subtle Spirit\" and Spirits as we do, guiding the so-called attraction.","why":"The passage explicitly claims that subtle Spirit and Spirits guide attraction and determine movements of matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695595e97bd6d2cd1d6203e7?page=219","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1869,"wd":"1846–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1891},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1714,"ye":null,"t":"Jezus en de ziel","a":"Luyken, Jan","lg":"Dutch","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"Or though many are in manifold powers, nevertheless everything works in the power of the sun, and everything has its life from the power of the sun, look at what you will, whether in flesh, or in metals, or in the growths of the earth.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that everything, specifically including metals, has its life from the power of the sun.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c81d036c6f3cc53c849e6b?page=180","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1688,"wd":"1664–1712, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1664,"wt":1712},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1656,"ye":null,"t":"Aurora. That is, the day-spring","a":"Boehme, Jacob","lg":"English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"For just as the Sun is the heart of life and the origin of all spirits in the body of this world, so Saturn is the source of all physicality <note>original: \"corporeity\"</note> and comprehensibility or tangibility.","why":"The Sun is explicitly characterized as the heart of life and origin of all spirits within the body of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6975158ea88d83c830d99e40?page=675","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"lexical","ph":"the sun is the heart","yw":1607,"wd":"1590–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1766,"ye":null,"t":"Johann Gottfried Jugels natürliche Berg-Schmelz- und Figier-Kunst, in drey Theilen abgefasset, deren I. Theil ","a":"Jugel, Johann Gottfried","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The generation of nature is to be observed in the creatures of the mineral kingdom, especially the metals.","why":"The text describes metals as creatures undergoing natural generation and growth from seed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda11bf6d63c919748e22f?page=100","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1744,"wd":"1722–1766, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1722,"wt":1766},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"The Game of Chess","a":"Jacobus de Cessolis","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"not-stated","q":"partly they are sent back into the veins of the earth through hidden passages.","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth as having veins through which waters return, directly meeting the criterion for the earth possessing veins.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5ea0b815633a563894ba1?page=146","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1269,"wd":"1216–1322, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1216,"wt":1322},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1766,"ye":null,"t":"Johann Gottfried Jugels natürliche Berg-Schmelz- und Figier-Kunst, in drey Theilen abgefasset, deren I. Theil ","a":"Jugel, Johann Gottfried","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"That the generation of metals in the earth is promoted through the aid of a natural sympathy of the first metallic seed-beginnings, no one skilled in nature can call into doubt; for experience shows that the exaltation of the metals is performed thereby, and that","why":"The text explicitly asserts the generation of metals in the earth from metallic seed-beginnings.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda11bf6d63c919748e22f?page=134","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"natural sympathy","yw":1744,"wd":"1722–1766, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1722,"wt":1766},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1670,"ye":null,"t":"Basil Valentine: Natural & Supernatural Things (1671)","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Now, regarding how the Archaeus <note>In alchemical philosophy, the \"internal alchemist\" or vital force that directs the growth and processes of minerals and living things.</note> operates further by the spirit of Mercury <note>One of the three primary principles of alchemy (along with Sulfur and Salt), representing the volatile, fluid, or spiritual essence in all matter.</note> in the earth, or the veins of the earth, take this advice:","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the veins of the earth and the operation of the Archaeus and spirit of Mercury within them.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/0425b5da-2769-41ae-93dd-76624ba8236a?page=53","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1600,"wd":"Pseudonymous Basilius Valentinus text, c. 1600 (published 15","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1590,"wt":1670},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1744,"ye":null,"t":"Von der Scheidung der vier Elementen aus dem ersten Chaos","a":"Jugel, Johann Gottfried","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Now, after nature has achieved this effect among the minerals in the veins of the earth, and has passed the degree of copper and thus largely triumphed, such an offspring is then no longer to be entirely destroyed.","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth as possessing veins ('veins of the earth') and metals as its developing offspring.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c808fb6c6f3cc53c845f8e","fm":true,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1733,"wd":"1722–1744, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1722,"wt":1744},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷四十三~卷四十四: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 41)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"earth","s":"not-stated","q":"the earth breathes smoke","why":"The text explicitly attributes breathing to the earth ('the earth breathes smoke').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6005879008ba7e159a6c?page=116","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1476,"ye":null,"t":"Exposition of the Natural Books of Aristotle","a":"Paulus Venetus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"heat-fire","q":"5th: operation. This is when an exhalation sometimes breaks the subtle veins of the earth, and sometimes it makes a great orifice to send forth to the whole earth, and therefore it lies hidden; this is called subversion.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the earth as having subtle veins.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb0f1040d1d5e20b152c?page=204","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"veins of the earth","yw":1407,"wd":"1384–1429, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1384,"wt":1429},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1522,"ye":null,"t":"Natural Questions","a":"Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, approximately 4 B.C.-65 A.D","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"But the rivers that are absorbed, and returned again to other places, without all doubt and calumny, openly declare that the earth breathes through cavities and caverns.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the earth breathes through cavities and caverns and possesses veins.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a084fd615c643eb1af46041?page=240","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":65,"wd":"60–69","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":60,"wt":69},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"Aratea","a":"Avienus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"That which the earth breathes from the turf is called clouds.","why":"The text explicitly states that the earth breathes from the turf to produce clouds, fulfilling the criterion of the earth breathing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af40b7ec3bbb60b1d38696?page=83","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":380,"wd":"c. 360–400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":360,"wt":400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1495,"ye":null,"t":"Sacred Art of the Philosophers (Greek alchemical anthology)","a":"Various","lg":"Greek","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"And just as the body of the earth is seen spiritually, for it breathes and exhales according to the body; so also this, and the body of the earth breathes and exhales; and its whole nature blooms","why":"The passage states outright that the body of the earth breathes and exhales.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4c04d978ca9526eda33f7?page=397","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":600,"wd":"c. 300–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":300,"wt":1400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"The Consolation of Philosophy","a":"Boethius / Ceriziers","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"sympathy-love","q":"And who creates this sweet air that the earth breathes.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the earth as a breathing entity animated by sweet air.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695594407bd6d2cd1d61d2cf?page=70","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":524,"wd":"c. 524 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":523,"wt":526},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1350,"ye":null,"t":"Aristotle (Cambridge, University Library, MS Add. 1732)","a":"Aristotle","lg":"Greek","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"because the earth breathes a little, exhaling unnoticed, from where they make the breath and the movement.","why":"The text explicitly states that 'the earth breathes a little', matching the criterion of attributing breathing to the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699382ef84cf5845c644bd2b?page=212","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1499,"ye":null,"t":"Books of Astronomy (Firmicus, Manilius, Aratus)","a":"Julius Firmicus Maternus; Marcus Manilius; Aratus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"This which the huge world carries stretched in the void\nHas the name of air, that which the earth breathes from the sod,","why":"The passage explicitly describes the earth as breathing from the sod and possessing breathing-holes.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699060b8322e01b1349a3262?page=611","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":358,"wd":"316–400, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":316,"wt":400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1488,"ye":null,"t":"Aratus's Phenomena, Geography, and Sea Coasts","a":"Avienus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"This which the huge world carries in the void,\nIt has the name of air, which the earth breathes from the turf;","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth as breathing air from the turf.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af48642a821385be062737?page=52","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":370,"wd":"c. 350–400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":350,"wt":400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"Manilius: Astronomica","a":"Manilius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Whether because the vapor born while the earth breathes,","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth as breathing (\"the vapor born while the earth breathes\"), matching the criterion for earth breathing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af44770cc30e5b61e6b535?page=49","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":15,"wd":"c. 10–20","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":10,"wt":20},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1485,"ye":null,"t":"On the Art of Building","a":"Leon Battista Alberti","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"heat-fire","q":"Whether by the power of the sun or by a heat conceived in its innermost vitals, the earth breathes out those two things: moist breath anhelitus (moist exhalation), which, when raised into the air, is condensed by the cold into rain and snow; and dry spirit spiritus (dry exhalation), by which they believe it happens that the impulses of the winds are moved.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the earth has innermost vitals and breathes out moist breath and dry spirit like living creatures.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/17c0e140-78f4-420f-98b3-01bf7dbb683a?page=333","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1446,"wd":"1419–1472, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1419,"wt":1472},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1490,"ye":null,"t":"Aelian, On the Nature of Animals","a":"Aelian","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"But one must receive them when the earth breathes again.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that 'the earth breathes again', directly meeting the criterion of claiming the earth breathes.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52c133dd6d9423027d89c?page=52","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":205,"wd":"175–235, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":175,"wt":235},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1589,"ye":null,"t":"Introductory Astronomical Writings of the Ancients","a":"Proclus; Joseph Justus Scaliger","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"This, which the vast world carries in the stretched-out void,\nHas the name of Air: that which the earth breathes from the sod,","why":"The passage explicitly describes the earth breathing ('that which the earth breathes from the sod').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0f77a940055c46680e8b?page=237","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1559,"ye":null,"t":"Mathesis (Eight Books on Astronomy)","a":"Julius Firmicus Maternus; Nicolaus Prugner (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Whether because the vapor born while the earth breathes,","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth breathing ('while the earth breathes'), directly fulfilling the criterion.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942c71b2f6748db4abdae7?page=424","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":358,"wd":"316–400, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":316,"wt":400},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1825,"ye":null,"t":"Minor Latin Poets, Vol. I","a":"Aemilius Baehrens","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"What the earth breathes from the turf,","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth as breathing (\"what the earth breathes from the turf\"), matching the criterion of earth breathing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af4a190c7af0237dfb8b86?page=617","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1626,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Two Worlds","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Does not the earth also contain within itself as many grades or regions of its internal air or spirit, in imitation of the worldly and human air?","why":"The text explicitly attributes internal animating spirit and breathing to the earth.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69593416b282844d7b277b86?page=39","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1617,"wd":"1617","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1617,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1626,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Two Worlds","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"From this, therefore, we have it confirmed by the fathers of Astrology and more abstruse Philosophy, that not only the earth, but indeed all bodies—however many celestial ones there may be—are to be considered as certain giant animals, inasmuch as within them is the spirit of life breathed in from the soul of the entire world.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the earth and celestial bodies are living giant animals animated by vital spirit from the soul of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69593416b282844d7b277b86?page=38","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"the earth breathes","yw":1617,"wd":"1617","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1617,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1619,"ye":null,"t":"The Harmony of the World","a":"Kepler, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"The Earth is a living being.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the Earth is a living being with a soul that responds to planetary configurations.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697d9ca2e930671f09614566?page=283","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1603,"wd":"1587–1619, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1587,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1626,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Two Worlds","a":"Robert Fludd","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"And we are instructed from that very place that not only the earth, but also the Sun, Moon, stars, heaven, waters, and fire—indeed, even all other meteorological creatures—possess sensation and a certain instinct of reason for blessing God and magnifying him above all with praises.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the earth, heavens, stars, and elements possess sensation and an instinct of reason.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69593416b282844d7b277b86?page=40","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1617,"wd":"1617","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1617,"wt":1617},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1619,"ye":null,"t":"The Harmony of the World","a":"Kepler, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"I would inquire, also comparing the bodies of living creatures with the body of the Earth: I saw that almost everything that, arising from the body of a living being, testifies to a soul being within it, also arises from the body of the Earth.","why":"Kepler explicitly argues that the Earth possesses a soul and veins analogous to the body of a living creature.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697d9ca2e930671f09614566?page=284","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1603,"wd":"1587–1619, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1587,"wt":1619},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1368,"ye":null,"t":"Illustrated Compendium of Celestial Omens","a":"Unknown","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Wind is the breathing of the earth.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that wind is the breathing of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699df0863430a1d77dc7922c?page=291","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1350,"wd":"c. 1300–1368","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1368},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes","a":"Chen Yuanlong","lg":"Chinese","tr":"folk-magical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"He carved it into the shape of a person, and its spirit and awareness were no different from a real person.","why":"The carved stone statue is explicitly described as having spirit and awareness no different from a real person and appearing as if alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbd6018b80967354b4da?page=143","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1702,"wd":"1667–1736, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1736},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes","a":"Chen Yuanlong","lg":"Chinese","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Sea tides are the breathing of the Earth.","why":"The text explicitly states that sea tides are the breathing of the Earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbd6018b80967354b4da?page=112","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1702,"wd":"1667–1736, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1736},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes","a":"Chen Yuanlong","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"West of the Luoyang Palace, a stone grew from the ground three feet high like an incense burner, so firm it could not be dug up.","why":"The passage explicitly states that a stone grew from the ground, satisfying the criterion of stones growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbd6018b80967354b4da?page=138","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1702,"wd":"1667–1736, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1736},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes","a":"Chen Yuanlong","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"One jade horse, over five inches tall, was carved extremely delicately, made to look like it was neighing, as if alive.","why":"The crafted jade horse is explicitly described as carved so delicately that it appeared as if alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbd6018b80967354b4da?page=787","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1702,"wd":"1667–1736, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1736},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"圖書編·卷五十六 (vol 44)","a":"章潢","lg":"Chinese","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Master Que says: The tides are the breathing of the earth.","why":"The text explicitly states that the tides are the breathing of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5f8b40c88a541d8e774c?page=104","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1575,"wd":"1542–1608, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1542,"wt":1608},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1676,"ye":null,"t":"Great Medico-Chemical Wonders","a":"Paracelsus, Theophrastus|[Starkey, George]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Because this large animal, the globe of earth and sea, is many thousand miles large, a period of six hours would be required for each back-and-forth draw of the breath of ebb and flow.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the globe of earth and sea as a large animal that breathes via the ebb and flow of the tides.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698192079534729403fc4db4?page=87","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1650,"wd":"1650s","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1650,"wt":1658},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Leonardo da Vinci: Thinker, Researcher, and Poet","a":"Leonardo da Vinci","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"At times he believes it to be the breathing of the earth, which for a long time—and not merely as a play of fantasy—he considered to be a living being, formed in the likeness of an animal.","why":"The passage states outright that Leonardo considered the earth to be a living being with breath and veins.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991eb0d2f801130a473f42a?page=162","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1493,"wd":"1467–1519, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1467,"wt":1519},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1782,"ye":null,"t":"皇極經世書 (Huangji Jingshi Shu, juan slice 24 of 24): Shao Yong Neo-Confucian cosmic numerology, Siku Quanshu","a":"（宋）邵雍 (Shao Yong)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"neo-confucian","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Sea tides are the breathing of the earth.","why":"The passage explicitly states that sea tides are the breathing of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0a4f207cd8e1e3d0f4a1b9?page=112","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1070,"wd":"c. 1060–1077","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1060,"wt":1077},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"理學類編·卷四~卷六 (vol 2)","a":"張九韶","lg":"Chinese","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Shaozi <note>a title for the philosopher Shao Yong</note> said: \"Ocean tides are the breathing of the Earth.\"","why":"The passage explicitly quotes Shaozi stating that ocean tides are the breathing of the Earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6732af3c49b59c5d11ee?page=21","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathing of the earth","yw":1375,"wd":"c. 1360–1385","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1360,"wt":1385},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"The Images of Philostratus","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"To the statues of Daedalus, because of their excellent manufacture, they anciently attributed everything that can belong to a living creature: the look and the movement also, so it seemed.","why":"The statues of Daedalus are explicitly described as so lifelike that they were attributed everything belonging to a living creature, including look and movement.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23ca56a65c90a0e5beba?page=425","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1602,"ye":null,"t":"The Images of Philostratus","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Others were pulled from above with gut strings so subtly and with such great dexterity and artifice that nature itself could not do better in living creatures.","why":"The crafted automata are described as moving with such dexterity that nature could not do better in living creatures, qualifying as so lifelike they seem to live.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23ca56a65c90a0e5beba?page=426","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 68","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"By placing his body in direct contact with the stone, the scholar is seen as absorbing the \"breath\" or energy (qi) of the earth itself.","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth having breath or vital energy (qi) that can be absorbed through stone.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992ce0200f13b15f3ca3ccf?page=73","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"bones of the earth","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies (English Translation)","a":"William Gilbert","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"The Stoics attribute a soul to the earth, and hence they declare, amid the mockery of the learned, that the earth is a living creature","why":"The passage endorses the Stoic position that the earth has a soul and is a living creature, calling it a grand fact of nature.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e59677f38f6761bf0f90?page=397","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1600,"wd":"1600","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1600,"wt":1600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1651,"ye":null,"t":"New Philosophy of Our Sublunary World","a":"William Gilbert","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"Is it appropriate to deny a soul and primary faculties to the Earth, while granting them to tiny creatures and despised plants?","why":"The passage explicitly argues that the Earth is animate and possesses a soul and primary faculties.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953eaf41479a63c110881ac?page=148","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1603,"wd":"c. 1580-1603","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1580,"wt":1603},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"Epitome of Copernican Astronomy","a":"Kepler, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"Although the soul of the Earth possesses and perceives all these things, it does so by a primal instinct: not by logical steps, reasoning, or gradual progress as humans do.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Earth possesses a soul that perceives and acts by primal instinct.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952d19c77f38f6761bc5fd2?page=162","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1618,"wd":"1618","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1618,"wt":1618},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"The Sophic Nucleus: An Interpretation of the Tincture of the Physicists of Paracelsus","a":"Liberius Benedictus","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"To each, the earth is a living mercury, and the soul is a natural warmth, which is as if bound together, and consists in the first essence of the elements of mercury.","why":"The text explicitly describes earth as a 'living mercury' possessing a 'soul' that is natural warmth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698420e3d31cb006fd2462cc?page=28","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1600","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1590,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1830,"ye":null,"t":"Philosophical Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Vol. 1","a":"Seneca; Bouillet (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"breath-spirit","q":"So, this whole body of all the lands is open to both the waters, which hold the place of blood, and the winds, which no one would call anything other than breath.","why":"The text explicitly compares the earth to a living body, with waters acting as blood and winds circulating as breath.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00e9e312120db3b488d41?page=568","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":35,"wd":"5–65, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":5,"wt":65},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"Epitome of Copernican Astronomy","a":"Kepler, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"On the contrary, all heat is a trace of a soul, whether that soul is currently present or was there previously.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that heat is a trace of soul and attributes geological processes and mineral generation to the Earth's soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952d19c77f38f6761bc5fd2?page=161","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1618,"wd":"1618","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1618,"wt":1618},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1902,"ye":null,"t":"Occultism and Spiritualism","a":"Papus (Gérard Encausse)","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"not-stated","q":"The earth is a living being; its physiology.","why":"The text states outright that 'The earth is a living being; its physiology.'","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69593354b91a6184ea94486d?page=168","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1891,"wd":"1880–1902, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1902},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1849,"ye":null,"t":"Hasidic Discourses: Tzemach Tzedek, Mitteler Rebbe & Maharash","a":"Schneersohn, Menahem Mendel, 1789-1866שניאורסון, מנחם מנדל, ","lg":"Hebrew","tr":"kabbalah","c":"earth","s":"god-divine","q":"It is found [that] \"the earth [is] a living soul,\" is it not in the earth of <term>Asiyah</term> <gloss>Action</gloss> there is not here in the common [state], that also it was aside from this...","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the earth is a living soul, directly attributing soul to the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c1bb4a8522835be845e71f?page=628","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1909,"wd":"1879–1939, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1879,"wt":1939},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"The Little Book of Life After Death","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"It is a divine product, with a more wonderful life and action within its substance than you carry in your little brain—to which you contribute only an atom of its life.","why":"The text explicitly attributes life and inner experience to the larger world/creation surrounding humanity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbc2018b80967354af1a?page=119","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":1852,"wd":"1816–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1887},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1464,"ye":null,"t":"Plotinus, Enneads I-VI; Porphyry, Vita Plotini","a":"Plotinus; Porphyry","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The lake is a living thing","why":"The text explicitly states that 'The lake is a living thing' within the cosmos as a living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699389ee74305116d72d2e0d?page=518","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"lexical","ph":"earth is a living","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1656,"ye":null,"t":"Kircher: Iter Exstaticum Coeleste (1660)","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"From the purer and more subtle part of this nourishment, or seed, the soul arises, latently diffused within the innermost recesses of the parts.","why":"The passage explicitly states that plants have a soul ('the vegetative soul itself' / 'the soul arises') latently diffused within them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990507e7d19f3f2aac1e3e2?page=636","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetative soul","yw":1638,"wd":"1616–1660, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1660},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1605,"ye":null,"t":"Commentaries on Aristotle's Three Books On the Soul","a":"Jacopo Zabarella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, in the last chapter of that book, he proves that plants are also living things.","why":"The text affirms that plants have souls and proves them to be ensouled living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0fb5024c2bf295285490?page=139","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1589,"wd":"c. 1580s (Zabarella died 1589)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1580,"wt":1589},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1495,"ye":null,"t":"On the Soul according to the Institution of Aristotle","a":"Alexander Aphrodisaeus","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For if every living thing lives through a soul, and plants live—since to be nourished and to grow by itself is nothing else than to live—we will confess that plants have a soul, and the soul will be the species of plants.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that plants live and have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc7dc1040d1d5e2094c18?page=27","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":200,"wd":"c. 198–211","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":198,"wt":211},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1737,"ye":null,"t":"Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus","a":"Harvey, William","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"It is necessary that they possess that final, absolutely basic soul, which is the vegetative one: for this is present in all animals just as it is in plants.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the vegetative soul is present in plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6e791f8a84d859cde1de2?page=324","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetative soul","yw":1628,"wd":"1628","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1628,"wt":1628},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1535,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul","a":"John Philoponus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For the nutritive exists apart from the others in plants, just as a triangle is apart from the following shapes.","why":"The passage discusses souls and states that the nutritive soul exists in plants, attributing a soul to plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942ebab2f6748db4abfa24?page=172","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":538,"wd":"505–570, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":505,"wt":570},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1551,"ye":null,"t":"Philosophy of Love","a":"Abrabanel, Jehuda","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"sympathy-love","q":"These are the living forms, and primarily those of the vegetative soul","why":"The text explicitly states that plants receive living forms of the vegetative soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c4ec33a3a4a7c546ee6109?page=150","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetative soul","yw":1503,"wd":"1475–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1475,"wt":1530},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1597,"ye":null,"t":"On the Hyleal Chaos","a":"Khunrath, Heinrich","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"The Catholic vegetative soul in sulphur  make [them] potable: Woe, however, to their purveyor.","why":"The text explicitly attributes a vegetative soul to sulphur, an inanimate mineral substance.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b501241e6119e2dd8fae43?page=261","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetative soul","yw":1586,"wd":"1575–1597, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1597},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"Stapell, Johann Friedrich: Exercitatio Philologica, De Vocula ([...]) Man, Exod. XVI. comm. 15.","a":"Stapell, Johann Friedrich","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"But it is generated and matured by the power of the vegetative soul in the ears.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes the generation and ripening of the ears to the power of a vegetative soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a4bd65dce03c0929df133d6?page=19","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetative soul","yw":1657,"wd":"1657","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1657},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1709,"ye":null,"t":"Introduction to the True Knowledge of the Triune God and Nature","a":"Sperber, Julius","lg":"Greek-German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Has not such great power been bestowed by GOD upon the vegetable soul that it can drive large and heavy trees high into the heights?","why":"The text explicitly asserts that trees/plants possess a vegetable soul that animates and drives their growth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23cbd0c7ab010cddfdb8?page=59","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1586,"wd":"1555–1616, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1555,"wt":1616},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1654,"ye":null,"t":"The Egyptian Oedipus","a":"Kircher, Athanasius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"third, into fruits, which is the end of the vegetable soul.","why":"The text explicitly attributes a soul to plants by referencing the 'vegetable soul'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e80cf111105c429e48e?page=232","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1652,"wd":"1652","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1652,"wt":1652},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1657,"ye":null,"t":"The Second Ecstatic Journey: Precursor to the Subterranean World","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"god-divine","q":"...and the vegetable soul itself, namely the virtual tree with roots, trunk, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, by which the whole substance of vegetables is composed, so that therefore, even from this, you may recognize the greatness of divine power, which has instilled such a great faculty for producing its like in so tiny a portion, which scarcely equals the eight-thousand-two-hundredth part of a seed, and which, compared to its spermatic body, scarcely equals the quantity of an atom, yet grows into very large and very tall trees, just as the truth rightly declares in its Gospel concerning the grain of mustard.","why":"The text explicitly states that seeds contain the 'vegetable soul itself' that composes the substance of vegetables.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69520543ab34727b1f042975?page=115","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1637,"wd":"1616–1657, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1657},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":null,"t":"Hasidic Discourses: Tzemach Tzedek & Mitteler Rebbe","a":"Schneersohn, Menahem Mendel, 1789-1866שניאורסון, מנחם מנדל; ","lg":"Hebrew","tr":"kabbalah","c":"soul-mind","s":"soul-form","q":"Although in this aspect—that is, in the aspect of the soul of the inanimate, vegetable, and animal—it is not in the way of actual Gilgul in the aspect of food, [like] the matter of the movement of man in life through eating and drinking and the eating of the living.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that inanimate objects and plants have souls ('the soul of the inanimate, vegetable, and animal').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c1bb5f8522835be845f48d?page=207","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1850,"wd":"c. 1830–1866","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1830,"wt":1866},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"The Hermetic Corpus","a":"Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"some others say that plants, therefore, are moved by the delectable and are saddened and delighted, and thus in the writings of the ancients it is accepted concerning the things that they pertain, who by the delectable care of the root the place which is well tested to the mode which of them the wind is, which draws nourished by the whole indeed of the nourishment is to desire is, as we have said in the second part, and thus longingly which is a drawing of some kind, is when the desire it has, not indeed through one spirit and fume doing by the nature of the pallid also it does by strangeness.","why":"The passage states that plants have soul, desire, and are saddened and delighted.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953ab1077f38f6761bd67aa?page=382","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":250,"wd":"c. 2nd-3rd century CE (Greek original)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1876,"ye":null,"t":"The Philosophy of the Arabs in the 10th Century, Vol. 5","a":"Friedrich Dieterici","lg":"German","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"We now call the one among these angels, who is entrusted with plants, the <term>vegetable soul</term>.","why":"The text explicitly identifies an animating vegetable soul governing the growth and nourishment of plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6362a8ab57a1de53a73e8?page=190","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":970,"wd":"c. 950–985","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":950,"wt":985},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1498,"ye":null,"t":"Short Treatises on Nature","a":"Aristoteles","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"body","s":"soul-form","q":"And we will know that no form already impressed in matter can move that in which it is; and this is the true cause by which he demonstrates that no body moves by itself, and this Plato and almost all the ancients before the school of the Peripatetics seemed to have entirely ignored.","why":"The passage demonstrates that no form impressed in matter can move that in which it is and that no body moves by itself, arguing that bodily matter is inert.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc7f81040d1d5e209623f?page=197","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1685,"ye":null,"t":"The Marrow of Alchemy","a":"[Starkey, George]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"it is a sign / that from now on our compound <term>Compositum: The mixture of primary ingredients within the alchemical vessel.</term>, which now begins to deserve the name of our stone / shall shortly be endowed with a vegetable soul <note>The \"vegetable soul\" refers to the life-force that allows the matter to grow, thrive, and eventually \"multiply\" its power.</note> and be fit to multiply and increase in its own kind.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the alchemical compound or stone will be endowed with a vegetable soul to multiply and increase in its kind.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69804b9338f170788b479568?page=341","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1654,"wd":"1643–1665, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1643,"wt":1665},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1717,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Writings of Basil Valentine","a":"Basilius, Valentinus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Just as this union / dominance and governance behaves within man; so also in metals / minerals and herbs does each manifest and find itself / so that a complete body may exist / live / remain and be preserved.","why":"Explicitly states that metals, minerals, and herbs have this union/governance so a complete body may exist, live, remain and be preserved.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51de6261c58d63664c963?page=289","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1599–1604","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1599,"wt":1604},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1638,"ye":null,"t":"Response to Foster's Weapon-Salve Sponge","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"plant","s":"sun-stars","q":"The fountain from which the vegetable soul <note>the life-force responsible for growth in plants</note> draws its origin through multiplication is the celestial sun, which works life in all growing things by the power of the aforementioned Universal Spirit <note>original: \"spiritus Catholici\"</note>, which \"placed its Tabernacle in the sun\" <note>A reference to Psalm 19:4, suggesting the sun is the physical vessel for God's life-giving spirit</note>, giving natural increase of life and growth to every thing.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a Universal Spirit animates and quickens all growing things, originating a vegetable soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a5a1fc4961cb1cc53ea8?page=29","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"vegetable soul","yw":1631,"wd":"1631","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1630,"wt":1631},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"Olympiodorus, Scholia on Aristotle's Meteorology (Neoplatonic)","a":"Olympiodorus; Aristotle","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"That plants also live is clear, for they appear to possess in themselves such a power from which they are nourished, grow, and wither like themselves.","why":"The passage explicitly states that plants live and participate in the first part of the soul (psyche).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52cceb3537347e51e316d?page=476","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":540,"wd":"510–570, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":510,"wt":570},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1551,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Extant Works","a":"Clement of Alexandria","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For according to the opinion of Plato, a plant is animated and an animal.","why":"The passage explicitly states that according to Plato, a plant is animated and possesses a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942a3c045dfc482ad75e2e?page=443","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":190,"wd":"165–215, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":165,"wt":215},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"Thirteen Books of Natural Philosophy","a":"Daniel Sennert","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"But that the principal part of the seed is the soul, and that therefore the seed is animated","why":"The passage explicitly claims that the soul is the principal part of the seed and that the seed is animated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699201767c226bdd25f98c7a?page=310","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"nutritive soul","yw":1612,"wd":"1587–1637, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1587,"wt":1637},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1400,"ye":null,"t":"Maximos the Confessor, treatises and letters (Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.22)","a":"Maximus Confessor","lg":"Greek","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"And regarding the soul of plants, at times it was necessary for it to be a form of knowledge.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the soul of plants, meeting the criterion of plants having a soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942f5cb2f6748db4ac0889?page=17","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":628,"wd":"594–662, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":594,"wt":662},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1892,"ye":null,"t":"Natural and Moral Questions, On Fate, On the Soul","a":"Alexander of Aphrodisias","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"We assert that of those things endowed with a soul, some are plants <note>original: \"stirpes,\" literally stalks or roots, used here to mean the entire plant kingdom</note> and some are animals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that plants are among the things endowed with a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695d0e104afae5c3b3aeafd8?page=77","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":208,"wd":"116–300, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":116,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1848,"ye":null,"t":"Nanna, or On the Soul-Life of Plants","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Martius attributes to plants not only a soul, but also an immortality of the same.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Martius attributes a soul and immortality to plants.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906315ef12272ffdc8f0a7?page=50","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1832,"wd":"1816–1848, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1848},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1848,"ye":null,"t":"Nanna, or On the Soul-Life of Plants","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"— Now then, I say: if the mind grows in and out of itself just like a plant, why cannot a mind be the very thing that drives the plant?","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that plants/flowers possess souls and are animated by mind.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906315ef12272ffdc8f0a7?page=106","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1832,"wd":"1816–1848, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1848},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1848,"ye":null,"t":"Nanna, or On the Soul-Life of Plants","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"The production of color in plants is connected to the development of unique soul processes; but these are naturally more important and necessary than the interplay with other souls.","why":"The passage explicitly states that plants have soul processes and souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906315ef12272ffdc8f0a7?page=403","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1832,"wd":"1816–1848, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1848},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1848,"ye":null,"t":"Nanna, or On the Soul-Life of Plants","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"In truth, however, in all that I have set forth here, there seemed to me to lie so much arrangement, so much requirement, and finally so many signs and symbols of soul and sensation for the plant, that I began to ask myself in earnest where the reasons might be, a","why":"The passage directly attributes soul and sensation to plants, citing purposeful arrangement and signs of plant ensoulment.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906315ef12272ffdc8f0a7?page=110","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1832,"wd":"1816–1848, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1848},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"The City of the Sun (Civitas Solis)","a":"Tommaso Campanella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Plants are a immobile animals, because (as Wisdom has said) those things are moved which find it necessary to procure food and to avoid harms.","why":"The passage explicitly defines plants as animals possessing spirit and an internal soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905d1a2fd6a0399389ee80?page=133","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1603,"wd":"1583–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"The City of the Sun (Civitas Solis)","a":"Tommaso Campanella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"This is Matter: the second substance, the basis of forms, the passive principle in the composition of things, and a body that is entirely terminable and capable of being acted upon; for physical bodies cannot be made out of non-physical things.","why":"The passage explicitly defines matter as an inert, purely passive principle devoid of intrinsic action.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905d1a2fd6a0399389ee80?page=50","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1603,"wd":"1583–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1860,"ye":null,"t":"Histoire de la magie avec une exposition claire et précise de ses procédés, de ses rites et de ses mystères","a":"Constant, Alphonse Louis","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"The aggregations and affinities of metals, like the vegetative soul of plants, like all assimilative forces, are equally revealed by a synthesis (1).","why":"The passage explicitly attributes a 'vegetative soul' to plants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8792d6c6f3cc53c858414?page=124","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1843,"wd":"1825–1860, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1825,"wt":1860},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1714,"ye":null,"t":"The Chemical Nebo, or Guidebook to the Gold-bearing Palestine","a":"Hannemann, Johann Ludwig","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Hence also the Adepts salute their vegetable stone, because it is of the same family and origin as vegetables, since it partakes of a vegetative soul just as plants do, and the vegetative soul in the philosophical matter possesses a still more perfect degree (than the plants themselves, since the vegetative soul of plants can be extinguished in fire but not annihilated, as the primary essence of vegetation is still inherent in the ash of plants) and is rendered inept for generation.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the philosophical stone and mineral matter partake of a vegetative soul and possess vegetative life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51de3261c58d63664c75a?page=21","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1685,"wd":"1655–1714, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1655,"wt":1714},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1758,"ye":null,"t":"Egyptian and Greek Fables","a":"Pernety, Antoine-Joseph","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"although one could say that metals derive their life in some way from minerals, either because in their generation there is a sort of joining of the male and the female under the names of sulfur and mercury","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals derive life, undergo generation via male and female principles, and contain an innate principle of life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697b079611cc8928b55ea388?page=135","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1745,"wd":"1731–1758, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1731,"wt":1758},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1578,"ye":null,"t":"Dante con l'espositione di Christoforo Landino et di Alessandro Vellutello","a":"Dante Alighieri","lg":"Latin","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"It shows that these figures were masterfully portrayed from life, such that no master of the stylus or the brush—that is, of drawing or painting—could ever portray the shadows and the most subtle lines with which these were engraved.","why":"The engraved figures are explicitly described as portrayed so masterfully that those representing the living seemed alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c80aee6c6f3cc53c8465ce?page=480","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1301,"wd":"1280–1321, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1280,"wt":1321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1651,"ye":null,"t":"Treasury of Medical Matters of New Spain","a":"Francisco Hernández","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"the latter believes that it grows in the bed of the sea just as mushrooms do on land.","why":"Amber, classified as a mineral rather than a plant, is explicitly stated to grow in the sea bed like mushrooms.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0ddf9f13b61d0a6c642b?page=620","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1577,"wd":"1571-1577 (Hernández's expedition)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1571,"wt":1577},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1590,"ye":null,"t":"On Natural Things (De Rebus Naturalibus)","a":"Jacopo Zabarella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, in the last chapter of that book, he proves that plants are also animated, because, wishing to immediately begin the treatment of the soul according to his own mind, he decided first to bring all parts of the soul under the genus of soul, so that the treatment might be whole and perfect.","why":"The passage explicitly states that plants are animated and possess a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0fc46f6d83348c7fa572?page=696","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1569,"wd":"1548–1589, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1548,"wt":1589},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1612,"ye":null,"t":"Le palais des curieux","a":"Beroalde de Verville, François","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Who is the wise man who will tell me naturally of the soul that is within, which by a natural industry moves so promptly?","why":"The text explicitly attributes an internal soul and animating spirit to the plant ('the soul that is within', 'this white soul').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8029d6c6f3cc53c8447e5","fm":true,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"soul of plants","yw":1592,"wd":"1571–1612, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1571,"wt":1612},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1729,"ye":null,"t":"Lettres philosophiques sur la formation des sels et des crystaux","a":"Bourguet, Louis","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"maker-craft","q":"However, all possible Combinations of these corpuscules left to themselves will never produce anything but Heaps, non-organic Masses.","why":"Argues that matter left to itself is inert and cannot produce organized bodies without a superior ordering principle.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c74e3d6a0f3d112faf83a2","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"animals are machines","yw":1711,"wd":"1693–1729, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1693,"wt":1729},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Aristotle, Vol. 2, Bekker Edition (1831): Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, Rhetoric, Poetic","a":"Aristotle","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"sun-stars","q":"What, then, is the principle within the soul of an animal? It is nothing other than the noble animal that travels around the heavens: the sun, the stars, and the planets.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the heavenly bodies—the sun, stars, and planets—as the 'noble animal'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69937973b0a84a5763964d43?page=32","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Hero of Alexandria","a":"Aristotle; Ptolemy; Hero of Alexandria","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For we say that even plants have a soul; for things that grow, are nourished, and generate their own kind are ensouled.","why":"The passage explicitly claims that plants have a soul and are ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938a83d5a98fd66f42c86c?page=379","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1831,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Aristotle, Vol. 3 — Bekker Edition (1831): the Latin translations","a":"Aristotle","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Therefore, since a plant is found to contain such a part of this soul, it necessarily follows that we must state that it also has a soul.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that it necessarily follows that a plant has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a761f56af6d06b393a52a44?page=402","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1493,"ye":null,"t":"Short Treatises on Nature","a":"Aristoteles","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"just as insects live when cut because they have one soul that is one in act but many in virtue and potentiality, similarly plants have a soul that is indeed one in act, but many in potentiality.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that plants have a soul (one in act, many in potentiality), satisfying the criterion that plants have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbc7fa1040d1d5e2096314?page=114","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":-344,"wd":"368–321 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-368,"wt":-321},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1568,"ye":null,"t":"Discourses on the Six Books of Dioscorides","a":"Dioscorides; Pietro Andrea Mattioli (comm.)","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Nothing else, truly, than that it is not without reason that some ancient philosophers have affirmed that plants <margin>Plants have a soul according to some philosophers.</margin> have a soul, since one sees and understands in them certain effects and movements similar to those of animals, such as seeing that with their roots, which serve them in place of a mouth, they pull nourishment from the earth, converting it into their own nature, and that they digest it so quickly and distribute it into the branches, into the leaves, and into all their parts, then producing flowers and fruits in a very short time.","why":"The passage affirms that ancient philosophers were justified in holding that plants have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00f88e485bbb15c6b2c96?page=9","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants have a soul","yw":60,"wd":"c. 50–70","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":50,"wt":70},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine Vol. I","a":"Helena Petrovna Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"theosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Esoteric philosophy teaches that everything lives and is conscious, but not that all life and consciousness are similar to those of human or animal beings.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that everything lives and is conscious, manifesting across matter, atoms, and planets.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695595e57bd6d2cd1d61f909?page=97","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1867,"wd":"1846–1888, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1888},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine Vol. I","a":"Helena Petrovna Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"from Anaxagoras down to Epicurus, the Roman Lucretius, and finally even to Galileo, all those Philosophers believed more or less in ANIMATED atoms, not in invisible specks of so-called \"brute\" matter.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that atoms are animated rather than brute matter, equating atoms with souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695595e57bd6d2cd1d61f909?page=606","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1867,"wd":"1846–1888, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1888},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Doctrine Vol. I","a":"Helena Petrovna Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"theosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Thus, while science speaks of its evolution through brute matter, blind force, and senseless motion, the Occultists point to intelligent Law and sentient Life, and add that Fohat is the guiding Spirit of all this.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe/matter is animated by sentient Life and a vital spirit (Fohat as guiding Spirit and Life of the Universe).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695595e57bd6d2cd1d61f909?page=185","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1867,"wd":"1846–1888, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1888},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"the Pythagoreans thought that plants feel perfections almost in the same way, so that the highest degree in plants corresponds to the lowest in animals.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Pythagoreans held that plants feel.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9ca77f38f6761bc3062?page=67","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1580,"ye":null,"t":"The Enneads","a":"Plotinus | Ficino, Marsilio (trans.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"To attribute the soul to man and deny it to the world seems absurd to Plato","why":"The passage asserts that the world has a soul by stating it is absurd to deny a soul to the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952c9ca77f38f6761bc3062?page=822","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1492,"ye":null,"t":"Plotinus, Enneads I–XXVI (Ficino translation, dedicatory copy)","a":"Plotinus; Marsilio Ficino (translator)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"the Pythagoreans thought that plants feel perfections in almost the same way, so that the highest grade in plants might correspond with the lowest of animals.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the Pythagoreans held that plants feel, meeting the criterion for plants having sensation/feeling.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d3206b196d69f66f21d?page=116","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1643,"ye":null,"t":"Mundus alter et idem","a":"[Hall, Joseph]","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"plant","s":"not-stated","q":"The Manicheans, among other absurdities, thought that plants feel and suffer pain; therefore, it seemed a sin to them to clear a field of thorns.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Manicheans believed plants feel and suffer pain, satisfying the criterion of plants feeling.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c87efc6c6f3cc53c858e17","fm":true,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"lexical","ph":"plants feel","yw":1605,"wd":"c. 1605–1607","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1605,"wt":1607},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1492,"ye":null,"t":"Plotinus, Enneads I–XXVI (Ficino translation, dedicatory copy)","a":"Plotinus; Marsilio Ficino (translator)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"so in the world as a living thing, and not <note>in</note> the world <note>as</note> an elemental quality or motion, so beautiful, so diverse, a certain living reason dispenses <note>it</note>","why":"The text explicitly describes the world as a living thing dispensed by a living reason.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d3206b196d69f66f21d?page=861","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":245,"wd":"220–270, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":220,"wt":270},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1661,"ye":null,"t":"De Zoroastre bactriano, Hermete Trismegisto, Sanchoniatone phoenicio, eorumque scriptis. Spicilegium","a":"Ursin, Johann Heinrich|Arnold, Christoph","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"They believed the supreme God is the Spirit of the celestial sphere, or the Soul of the heaven.","why":"The text explicitly asserts they believed the supreme God is the Soul of heaven or Spirit of the celestial sphere.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c891596c6f3cc53c85b967?page=62","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"secret sympathy","yw":1642,"wd":"1623–1661, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1623,"wt":1661},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1661,"ye":null,"t":"De Zoroastre bactriano, Hermete Trismegisto, Sanchoniatone phoenicio, eorumque scriptis. Spicilegium","a":"Ursin, Johann Heinrich|Arnold, Christoph","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"Thus the images would become animated and endowed with intelligence, and could predict the future to humans.","why":"The text explicitly states consecrated images would become animated and endowed with intelligence through celestial power.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c891596c6f3cc53c85b967?page=62","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"secret sympathy","yw":1642,"wd":"1623–1661, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1623,"wt":1661},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1686,"ye":null,"t":"Escalier des sages ou la philosophie des anciens","a":"Coenders van Helpen, Barent","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"for every creature in particular has hidden within itself a spark of the universal Light, whose rays communicate invisibly a moving virtue to their seed when they are animated to this by the rays of the great light","why":"The text describes a universal vital light or spark hidden within creatures that animates and communicates moving virtue to their seed.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9fd0f6d63c91974824c8?page=119","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"natural sympathy","yw":1686,"wd":"1686","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1686,"wt":1686},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1607,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries of the Egyptians","a":"Iamblichus (ed. Marsilio Ficino)","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"I mean statues that are animated, full of sense and spirit, performing such great and marvelous deeds.","why":"The text explicitly describes statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae9f1011ecaed4043f3739?page=523","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1633,"ye":null,"t":"The Free Sea and On the Seas","a":"Hugo Grotius / Paulus Merula","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Anaxagoras makes the magnet animate; Aristotle, in On the Soul I, says the stone “has a soul because it moves the iron”","why":"The passage directly cites Aristotle and Anaxagoras stating that the magnet stone is animate and has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21c5379013c38632894f7?page=170","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"lexical","ph":"loves the iron","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1748,"ye":null,"t":"A miscellaneous metaphysical essay: or, an hypothesis concerning the formation and generation of spiritual and","a":"[Cosway, Richard]","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"god-divine","q":"Many particles of inanimate matter may, at some point in eternity, have the power to obtain sensory experiences <note>original: \"sensitive Enjoyments\"</note>.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that particles of inanimate matter can possess vital powers and the capacity for sensory experience.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255efee1fed4ccc4237fa?page=70","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1748,"wd":"1748","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1748,"wt":1748},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1617,"ye":null,"t":"Amelung, Peter: Ein edler vnd nützlicher Hermetischer oder chymischer Discurs","a":"Amelung, Peter","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"For first, it is known that everything which performs its office in medicines does so not according to the body, but according to the life, or the spirit; it is active, powerful, and effective.","why":"The passage explicitly states that medicines act through an active life or spirit drawn from the dead body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a26c08e0e247ebad6df1c3b?page=13","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1617,"wd":"c. 1615–1617","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1615,"wt":1617},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1847,"ye":null,"t":"Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends","a":"Николай Гоголь","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"not-stated","q":"the ancient person stands before your eyes as if alive, as if you had only seen him and spoken with him yesterday.","why":"The literary work (the Odyssey) is described as presenting the ancient person so lifelike that he stands before the reader as if alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0f9e024c2bf295284db9?page=66","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1836,"wd":"1824–1847, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1824,"wt":1847},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"A Home Course in Mental Science","a":"Helen Wilmans","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"That change means the complete transposition of thought from the basis of dead matter and a material universe, to the basis of vital intelligence and a universe of living mental substance.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe is made of living mental substance rather than dead matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a955dd6a905dfc7cdcd5fe1?page=85","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1905,"wd":"c. 1901–1914","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1901,"wt":1914},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1663,"ye":null,"t":"Cabala: Mirror of Art and Nature in Alchemy","a":"[Michelspacher, Stephan]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"It makes all dead metals live.","why":"The text explicitly states that the vivifying spirit makes all dead metals live.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69778932ea8c250fd9c79a17","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1615,"wd":"1615","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1615,"wt":1616},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1566,"ye":null,"t":"The Book of Meteors; Fourth Book of Paramirum on the Matrix","a":"Paracelsus, Theophrastus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Thus, there are four souls or spirits: one is the Earth, the second is the Water, the third is the Air, and the fourth is the Heaven.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the four elements (Earth, Water, Air, Heaven) as living spirits or souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6867bf5a009d20a23245ac0d?page=28","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"inert matter","yw":1525,"wd":"1508–1541, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1508,"wt":1541},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":null,"t":"Scenen aus dem Geisterreiche","a":"Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"place","s":"god-divine","q":"All of this is not dead matter, but pure spirit, light, and life.","why":"The speaker explicitly describes his dwelling as not dead matter but pure spirit, light, and life.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7f4326c6f3cc53c841793?page=50","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"dead matter","yw":1778,"wd":"1755–1801, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1755,"wt":1801},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1745,"ye":null,"t":"An  Enquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul : wherein the Immateriality of the Soul is evinced from the Prin","a":"Baxter, Andrew (1686-1750)","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"other","s":"not-stated","q":"Or where is the force of it compelling men to assert that brute-matter—a thing entirely of a passive nature, by their own conception of it—should be self-existent?","why":"The text explicitly characterizes brute-matter as a thing entirely of a passive nature requiring divine power to act.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a10091ff717292950967cc7?page=408","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1723,"wd":"1701–1745, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1701,"wt":1745},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1690,"ye":null,"t":"Against Spinoza","a":"Christoph Wittich","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"You would be attributing to a brute thing, which is clearly dependent on the power of another, that force and power by which all other things depend on it.","why":"Wittich explicitly argues that a body is merely a 'brute thing' dependent on external power, treating matter as inert.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1caeba282e3475aab3d27?page=397","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1664,"wd":"1640–1687, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1640,"wt":1687},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1745,"ye":null,"t":"An  Enquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul : wherein the Immateriality of the Soul is evinced from the Prin","a":"Baxter, Andrew (1686-1750)","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"He has not given the reins of the world out of his hands, nor has he placed the laws by which it is to be governed within brute matter.","why":"The text explicitly argues that brute matter lacks inherent powers or laws to direct events and is inert.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a100917f717292950967b00?page=111","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1723,"wd":"1701–1745, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1701,"wt":1745},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Secret Doctrine Vol. I - Cosmogenesis","a":"H.P. Blavatsky","lg":"English","tr":"theosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Thus, while science speaks of evolution through brute matter, blind force, and senseless motion, the Occultists point to Intelligent Law and Sentient Life, and add that Fohat is the guiding spirit of all this.","why":"The passage asserts that nature and cosmic evolution are animated by Sentient Life guided by the spirit Fohat, rather than blind force or brute matter.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e32877f38f6761beb98c?page=191","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1869,"wd":"1846–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1891},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1653,"ye":null,"t":"The Egyptian Oedipus, Volume II","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"proportion-number","q":"And indeed by these things, the motion of the World-Soul anima Mundi, moved through a series of worlds, finally returns to itself after a fivefold revolution is completed.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the World-Soul (anima Mundi) moving through the universe, directly affirming that the cosmos is ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/4d4089b9-9227-4cc5-b0a2-9b06ee731061?page=39","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"brute matter","yw":1635,"wd":"1616–1653, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1653},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1720,"ye":null,"t":"Monadology","a":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The universe is dynamic, a living universe without any inert substratum","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the universe is a dynamic, living universe rather than an inert system.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990683d249ce014347d5f43?page=113","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"inert matter","yw":1689,"wd":"1661–1716, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1661,"wt":1716},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Dza","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"and the inexhaustible teaching that \"form is inert matter,\"","why":"The text explicitly asserts the teaching that physical form is inert matter and non-cognitive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abb25f1a22ab19a9c827?page=258","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"inert matter","yw":350,"wd":"c. 100–600, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":600},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1571,"ye":null,"t":"The Idea of Philosophical Medicine","a":"Severinus, Petrus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"For indeed, seeing bodies and conjecturing that they are animate because they live and produce vital actions, we say—not without reason—that the vital spirits and the Soul itself are held by bodies; and this is seen more clearly in Vegetables and Minerals.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that minerals and vegetables are animate and hold vital spirits and the Soul itself.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697e23cc8fac627cef65b76b?page=163","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1564,"wd":"1557–1571, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1557,"wt":1571},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1791,"ye":null,"t":"Les ruines, ou méditation sur les révolutions des empires","a":"Volney, Constantin François Chasseboeuf de","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"God was thus the vital spirit which, spread through all beings, animated the vast body of the world.","why":"The text explicitly describes the universe as having a soul and God as a vital spirit animating the vast body of the world.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7fae36c6f3cc53c842bed?page=300","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"inert matter","yw":1782,"wd":"1772–1791, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1772,"wt":1791},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Thoughts on Art and Life","a":"Leonardo da Vinci","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"No inanimate matter moves on its own, but its motion is caused by an external force.","why":"The passage explicitly states that matter is inert and inanimate matter cannot move on its own without external force.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991eb102f801130a473f7be?page=187","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1493,"wd":"1467–1519, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1467,"wt":1519},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Literary and Philosophical Fragments","a":"Leonardo da Vinci (ed. Edmondo Solmi)","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"No inanimate thing** moves by itself, but its motion is caused by others.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that inanimate matter cannot move by itself and is inert.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991eac52f801130a473e646?page=167","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1493,"wd":"1467–1519, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1467,"wt":1519},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Literary and Philosophical Fragments","a":"Leonardo da Vinci (ed. Edmondo Solmi)","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"other","s":"not-stated","q":"Matter is inert.","why":"The text explicitly states that matter is inert.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991eac52f801130a473e646?page=467","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1493,"wd":"1467–1519, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1467,"wt":1519},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Anima Magica Abscondita","a":"Thomas Vaughan","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"To be plain then, this principle is the Soul of the World, or the universal spirit of Nature.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that matter is animated and organized by the Soul of the World (Anima Mundi) and the universal spirit of Nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695934b6b282844d7b27845f?page=28","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1643,"wd":"1636–1650, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1636,"wt":1650},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1740,"ye":null,"t":"Golden Chain of Homer: Kirchweger, 18th-Century MS","a":"Anton Joseph Kirchweger","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"Because everything in Nature is subject to movement, more or less, and because nothing is properly at rest, they concluded that the Cause of Movement must reside in a Being diametrically opposed to the Body, as an extreme; this is what we call <term>Spirit</term>.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a Spirit acts as the animating cause of movement for all bodies in Nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4192b2b0edf3eaa2dee6d?page=284","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1713,"wd":"1686–1740, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1686,"wt":1740},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཇི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 38)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"Because matter is inert and lacks consciousness, it is taught to be of the nature of delusion.","why":"The text explicitly states that physical matter is inert and lacks consciousness.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abeac51896ea18127c80b90?page=176","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":800,"wd":"c. 750–850, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":750,"wt":850},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1733,"ye":null,"t":"Superstitions anciennes et modernes","a":"[Picard, Bernhard]","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"body","s":"not-stated","q":"All this is done by the sole laws of communication of motions, by the encounter and collision of bodies; in a word, by physical and material causes.","why":"The passage explicitly argues that natural effects occur solely through mechanical motion and material collision rather than soul or self-determination.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c828ae6c6f3cc53c84c46c?page=176","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1733,"wd":"c. 1733–1736","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1733,"wt":1736},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1766,"ye":null,"t":"Recherches sur l'origine des découvertes attribuées aux modernes","a":"[Dutens, Louis]","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"body","s":"heat-fire","q":"This holy Father, treating of the spirit and the soul, speaks of a species of air or fire, which its subtlety hides from our sight, which he calls corporeal spirit, and of which he says that it gives life to bodies by the internal heat it communicates to them.","why":"The passage describes a corporeal spirit (a subtle air or fire) that gives life to bodies and animates them through internal heat.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c73f1a6a0f3d112faf7a97","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"animals are machines","yw":1756,"wd":"1745–1766, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1745,"wt":1766},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1788,"ye":null,"t":"Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind","a":"Thomas Reid","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"Now, when we find wise men ascribing action and active power to a substance which they expressly teach us to consider as merely passive, and acted upon by some unknown cause, we must conclude that the action and active power ascribed to it are not to be understood strictly, but in some popular sense.","why":"The text explicitly argues that matter is a substance altogether inert and merely passive without genuine active power.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991dc82569478bd6c9d5586?page=123","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"matter is inert","yw":1761,"wd":"1725–1796, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1725,"wt":1796},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"L'Homme machine (Man a Machine)","a":"Julien Offray de La Mettrie","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"not-stated","q":"La Mettrie himself recognizes this relationship and feels that his doctrine, that man is a machine, is a natural inference from Descartes’s teaching that animals are mere machines.","why":"The passage explicitly states the doctrine that animals are mere machines and the body is a machine.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6422309a998b4c36dd80a?page=181","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"animals are machines","yw":1738,"wd":"1724–1751, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1724,"wt":1751},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1796,"ye":null,"t":"Origin of Discoveries Attributed to the Moderns","a":"Dutens, Louis","lg":"French","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"plant","s":"heat-fire","q":"There are bodies, he says, like those of trees and plants, to which this subtle spirit simply gives life; but according to this Father of the Church, there are others that it makes both live and feel together, as all animals do (8).","why":"The passage describes a subtle corporeal spirit that animates bodies and communicates life to plants and animals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6984e850369805a0caaf5adf?page=322","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"animals are machines","yw":1771,"wd":"1745–1796, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1745,"wt":1796},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1851,"ye":null,"t":"An History of Magic, Witchcraft, and Animal Magnetism, Vol. 2","a":"John Campbell Colquhoun","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"In the beginning, a spirit within sustains the sky, the earth, and the flowing seas, the shining orb of the moon, and the stars of the Titans; and a mind, infused through the parts of the world, moves the entire mass and mingles itself with the great body.","why":"The text explicitly approves the doctrine that an internal spirit sustains nature and an infused mind moves and animates the world's great body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991bd5170254d38471e4526?page=161","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1835,"wd":"1818–1851, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1818,"wt":1851},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1726,"ye":null,"t":"Theodicaea, oder, Versuch und Abhandlung, wie die Güte und Gerechtigkeit Gottes ...zu verteidigen","a":"Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm von","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"body","s":"god-divine","q":"A body, which is a mere machine, must likewise have a certain sequence of movements through itself, which are ordered by the connection of its mechanical disposition with the impressions of external bodies.","why":"The text explicitly describes the body as a mere machine operating entirely through its mechanical disposition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c862ac6c6f3cc53c855bc2","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1689,"wd":"1661–1716, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1661,"wt":1716},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1740,"ye":null,"t":"Kleinere philosophische Schriften","a":"Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm von","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"The thing of which one speaks here is not a fault or defect as the Author pretends: rather, the actual nature of materiae inactivae <gloss>inactive matter</gloss> consists therein.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the actual nature of matter is inactive matter (materiae inactivae) and inert mechanical passivity.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c829f36c6f3cc53c84c6ec","fm":true,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1689,"wd":"1661–1716, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1661,"wt":1716},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1715,"ye":null,"t":"Divine and True Metaphysics","a":"Pordage, John","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"so we must confess / that matter / (e) <note>original: \"In sensu physico & conjuncto.\" Translated: \"In a physical and conjoined sense.\"</note> as it is actually present in nature / is a living thing in itself / or that all bodies have a life in their innermost foundation.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that matter in nature is a living thing in itself and all bodies have life in their innermost foundation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697c8e0f150e68b9f4070204?page=247","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"mere machine","yw":1652,"wd":"1622–1681, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1622,"wt":1681},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"The Riddle of the Universe","a":"Ernst Haeckel","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"not-stated","q":"The animals, not being endowed with thought, have no soul: they are mere automata, or cleverly constructed machines, whose sensations, presentations, and volitions are purely mechanical, and take place according to the ordinary laws of physics.","why":"The text explicitly states that animals have no soul and are mere automata or purely mechanical machines.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6426e535439aaa48941d3?page=196","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"automata","yw":1875,"wd":"1849–1901, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1849,"wt":1901},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1708,"ye":null,"t":"The Sequel to the Count of Gabalis","a":"[Villars, Nicolas de Montfaucon de]","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"not-stated","q":"This opinion, for example—that only man thinks, and that beasts do not think at all, and are, so to speak, nothing but automata—is taken entirely from Aristotle, who proposes it, debates it, and finally seems to have decided it just as you have, using the very same reasons you cite.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the view that beasts do not think and are nothing but automata.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a0279006093ffd43c08217?page=196","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"automata","yw":1715,"wd":"1715","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1714,"wt":1715},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1701,"ye":null,"t":"D. Christiani Vater ... Physiologia Experimentis Et Demonstrationibus, Mechanicis, Chimicis &amp; Anatomicis i","a":"Vater, Christian","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"animal","s":"soul-form","q":"And that [form] is nothing other than a certain ethereal aura, enclosed within the most artificial organs of living things and intimately united [with them], which is revealed by countless experiments and demonstrations.","why":"It identifies the animating form of living things as an ethereal aura (vital spirit/breath) enclosed within their organs.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a267f1b88f11913ee9c7dd5?page=19","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"lexical","ph":"automata","yw":1684,"wd":"1666–1701, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1666,"wt":1701},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1840,"ye":null,"t":"The Writings of Gregory of Narek","a":"Grigor Narekatsʿi","lg":"Armenian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"place","s":"god-divine","q":"a living city built by the impulse of the Spirit speaking in her, a fertile mountain clung to holiness.","why":"The text explicitly describes a city as a 'living city' built by the impulse of the Spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5e9b7787d6e9b8d42df32?page=498","fm":false,"d":"living_place","ln":"lexical","ph":"a living city","yw":985,"wd":"966–1003, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":966,"wt":1003},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Poems of Virgil, Vol. II","a":"Servius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Tiberinus is the god and genius of the place.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Tiberinus is the god and genius (tutelary spirit) of the place.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af2334f98f6eff774cdd73?page=217","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"genius of the place","yw":439,"wd":"378–500, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":378,"wt":500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Characteristics Vol. II (Robertson Edition 1900)","a":"Third Earl of Shaftesbury","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The active mind, infused through all the space, Unites and mingles with the mighty mass ; Hence men and beasts.","why":"The text explicitly describes an active mind infused through all space animating the physical mass of the cosmos.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953efe91479a63c11088949?page=109","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1711,"wd":"1699-1711","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1699,"wt":1711},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1641,"ye":null,"t":"Operis politici: variis digressionibus philologicis & iuridicis illustrati","a":"Besold, Christoph","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"The ancients assign to every place its own certain genius, as seen in Petrus Crinitus","why":"The passage states outright that places and cities are inhabited by or assigned a genius or spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c74f7f6a0f3d112faf848b","fm":true,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1615,"wd":"1592–1638, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1592,"wt":1638},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"Servius the Grammarian, Commentaries on the Poems of Virgil, Vol. II","a":"Servius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"For Tiberinus is the god, the genius of the place.","why":"The passage states outright that Tiberinus is the god and genius (presiding spirit) of the place.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af447bd3f5f44360044ad2?page=213","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"genius of the place","yw":439,"wd":"378–500, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":378,"wt":500},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1553,"ye":null,"t":"On Origins, or the Various History of the Whole East","a":"Guillaume Postel","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"text-word","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"after the High Priest, clothed in the sacred garments, had brought to life those letters which were inscribed there on the twelve gemstones by his own assent and presence.","why":"The passage explicitly states the High Priest brought to life the letters inscribed on the twelve gemstones.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952592bab34727b1f045d04?page=49","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"genius loci","yw":1539,"wd":"1525–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1525,"wt":1553},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"Remnants of Arabic Paganism","a":"Julius Wellhausen","lg":"German","tr":"folk-magical","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"To humans, they appear as terrible deserts without any life; in truth, they are enchanted paradises, oases of the Ginn.","why":"The regions are explicitly characterized as oases and enchanted paradises of the Ginn, places inhabited by spirits.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907943b621b177c1af5c7e?page=164","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without any life","yw":1878,"wd":"1859–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1859,"wt":1897},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"Remnants of Arabic Paganism","a":"Julius Wellhausen","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Trees, caves, and springs are seats of the <term>jinn</term>; then they are dedicated to a deity.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies sacred places such as caves, springs, and trees as seats of the jinn, confirming they are inhabited by spirits.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907943b621b177c1af5c7e?page=226","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"genius loci","yw":1878,"wd":"1859–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1859,"wt":1897},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"圖書編·卷六十二 (vol 50)","a":"章潢","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Outside the monastery, I observed the sculpted image of Master Xiyi sleeping soundly as if he were alive.","why":"The sculpted image is explicitly described as so lifelike that the figure appeared as if he were alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5f93879008ba7e1560b7?page=53","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1575,"wd":"1542–1608, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1542,"wt":1608},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Epic Mythology","a":"Edward Washburn Hopkins","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"In short, every place has its spirit of the place <note>original: genius loci</note>, whether it is a grove, mountain, stream, village, or house.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that every place, including villages and houses, has its own spirit of the place.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553140aade5c1d01fedaf?page=63","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1894,"wd":"1872–1915, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1915},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Korea and Her Neighbours, Vol. 2","a":"Isabella Bird Bishop","lg":"English","tr":"folk-magical","c":"building","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"A major ceremony was then performed by the mudang to enshrine the spirit <note>original: \"dæmon\"</note> within the home.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a ceremony to enshrine a spirit within the home, making the building inhabited by a spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992590e8812793469fe14c6?page=284","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"lexical","ph":"guardian spirit of the","yw":1872,"wd":"1846–1898, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1898},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1551,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books of Occult Philosophy","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"sun-stars","q":"Thus we read that the ancient priests made statues and images that predicted the future, and infused them with the spirits of the stars; these spirits were not so much confined by certain materials, but rather took delight in them.","why":"The passage explicitly states that ancient priests made statues and images infused with and inhabited by the spirits of the stars.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695925a1aecc3a7338f95f0a?page=79","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1503,"ye":null,"t":"De laudibus sancte crucis","a":"Rabanus Maurus","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"Whatever each one painted with his hand seemed to breathe.","why":"The crafted works are described as so lifelike that whatever each painted seemed to breathe.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c87bd56c6f3cc53c858922?page=9","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed to breathe","yw":815,"wd":"810–819","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":810,"wt":819},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1538,"ye":null,"t":"Index in C. Plinij Nat. Hist. libros locupletior, & castigastior, quàm qui hactenus impressi sunt. Addidimus l","a":"Pliny, the Younger","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"That some stones give birth 261.a.of the same","why":"The text explicitly lists an entry stating that some stones give birth, attributing reproductive life to minerals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0854f149638a50931c0c56?page=195","fm":false,"d":"building_body","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stones","yw":77,"wd":"c. 77–79","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":77,"wt":79},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1677,"ye":null,"t":"Origen Philocalia (Greek)","a":"Origen / Gulielmus Spencerus (ed.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"building","s":"not-stated","q":"so when it is objected against us that we do not worship the deity in temples lacking sensation","why":"Profane physical temples are explicitly described as 'lacking sensation' and 'sensationless' (inanimate and without spirit).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953a54f77f38f6761bcf8a6?page=402","fm":false,"d":"building_body","ln":"lexical","ph":"living stones","yw":370,"wd":"c. 360–380","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":360,"wt":380},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1736,"ye":null,"t":"Natural Theology, Vol. 1","a":"Christian Wolff","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"the world is one being (§. 60. Cosmol.) and a machine (§. 73. Cosmol.), to which, therefore, nothing can be added or taken away so that it remains the same, with the essences of things existing like numbers (§. 345. Ontol.); the world could not occupy a larger space than it occupies, nor could it have been founded larger or smaller.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the world is a machine composed of material elements.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695435491479a63c1108bdab?page=779","fm":false,"d":"wholeness","ln":"lexical","ph":"nothing can be added or taken away","yw":1717,"wd":"1694–1739, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1694,"wt":1739},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Christ and Antichrist: Vol. 1 (Julian the Apostate)","a":"Dmitry Merezhkovsky","lg":"Russian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"Above it, Artemis the Huntress, in a short tunic, with a crescent moon in her curls, with a bow and quiver, and with two sharp-nosed hounds, seemed alive in the moonlight.","why":"The statue of Artemis the Huntress is explicitly described as seeming alive in the moonlight.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af4a3f0c7af0237dfb95bb?page=143","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1901,"wd":"1880–1922, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1922},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Christ and Antichrist: Vol. 1 (Julian the Apostate)","a":"Dmitry Merezhkovsky","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"He trampled this naked breast, and it seemed alive to him; he wanted to crush it under the sharp nails of his heavy sandals.","why":"The statue of the goddess is explicitly described as seeming alive to the man trampling it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af4a3f0c7af0237dfb95bb?page=85","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1901,"wd":"1880–1922, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1880,"wt":1922},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1597,"ye":null,"t":"The Continuation of the Images of Philostratus","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"namely, the Bacchante standing upright and breathing, transported toward Cithaeron <note>A mountain range in Greece sacred to Dionysus, where the Bacchantes were said to perform their nocturnal rites</note>, and the Chimera slaughtered by Bacchic fury, the vigor of its sensation already extinguished within it and withered.","why":"The stone statue is explicitly described as an imitation of life showing the Bacchante upright and breathing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a0278c04ccae579af8549c?page=258","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed to breathe","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1803,"ye":null,"t":"Spinalba, ou les révélations de la Rose-Croix","a":"Regnault-Warin, Jean-Jospeh","lg":"French","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"I stood up, the veil fell, and, in marble that seemed to breathe, I recognized Spinalba.","why":"The marble statue is explicitly described as seeming to breathe, directly meeting the criterion for a crafted work so lifelike it seems to live.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c811476c6f3cc53c847807?page=314","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed to breathe","yw":1803,"wd":"1803","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1803,"wt":1803},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1597,"ye":null,"t":"The Continuation of the Images of Philostratus","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"For he only aims to show through his descriptions that the marble and bronze of which these statues consist are so well crafted that they display a sense of life in an inanimate material, imprinted there by the skill of the craftsmen.","why":"The text explicitly states that the statues are crafted to display a sense of life in an inanimate material.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a0278c04ccae579af8549c?page=327","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1597,"ye":null,"t":"The Continuation of the Images of Philostratus","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Such then was this image: which seemed to me to differ from living persons only in form, for in all else it was guided by the same accidents and affections: for it had certain marks of sadness imprinted in it, and on the other hand a feeling of pleasure which possessed it as if it were truly touched by these two diverse passions.","why":"The statue is explicitly described as differing from living persons only in form, making it so lifelike it seemed to live.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a0278c04ccae579af8549c?page=329","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1597,"ye":null,"t":"The Continuation of the Images of Philostratus","a":"Philostratus","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"so vivid and animated was the figure imprinted there, that it truly seemed to be that Narcissus who had come to sport in that spot—where, having seen his reflection in the water, it is said that he breathed his last for having too lovingly desired to be acquainted with his own likeness, and that now he appears in the meadows, blooming in the season of Spring","why":"The crafted image is explicitly described as so vivid and animated that it truly seemed to be the living Narcissus.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a0278c04ccae579af8549c?page=315","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":222,"wd":"185–259, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":185,"wt":259},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"The All-Seeing Eye, Vol. 1 No. 6","a":"Manly P. Hall","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Ages ago I breathed myself into this thing of wood carved by the hands of the faithful.","why":"Lord Buddha explicitly states he breathed himself into the carved wooden statue, making it ensouled and inhabited by a spirit or deity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3533d7c8ce407afbe04fd6?page=17","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed to breathe","yw":1920,"wd":"1916–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1916,"wt":1923},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"儒林外史(十四): The Scholars, vol 14","a":"吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"text-word","s":"maker-craft","q":"For instance, regarding the story of Cheng Ying saving the Orphan of Zhao, one does not know from what book he saw it, yet he exerted all his effort to embellish it until every sentence seemed alive.","why":"The text explicitly describes a crafted literary work as having been embellished until every sentence seemed alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a40ef897f8d954eada8b665?page=61","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1735,"wd":"1716–1754, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1716,"wt":1754},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1502,"ye":null,"t":"Le terze rime di Dante.","a":"Dante Alighieri","lg":"Italian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"The dead seemed dead, and the living seemed alive.","why":"The crafted artwork is depicted as so lifelike that the living figures in it seemed truly alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085a5049638a50931c8f5b?page=234","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1301,"wd":"1280–1321, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1280,"wt":1321},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1818,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Russian State, Vol. 1","a":"Карамзин, Николай Михайлович","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"\"inside and out with relief representations of people, \"birds, and animals, so similar to Nature that \"they seemed alive; the paints on the exterior of the \"temple were not washed away by rain, did not fade \"and did not dim.","why":"The passage explicitly states the relief representations were so lifelike that they seemed alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af23c1c6df16b7172aa2b2?page=130","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1818,"wd":"c. 1816–1818","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1816,"wt":1818},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1465,"ye":null,"t":"Trattato di Architettura (manuscript)","a":"Filarete (Antonio di Pietro Averlino)","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"And likewise of I do not know what horse, it was so well likened to nature that when other horses passed by, they looked back at it as if it had been alive.","why":"The painted horse is explicitly described as so lifelike that passing horses looked back at it as if it were alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de98941b234a773e438c74?page=381","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1440,"wd":"1415–1465, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1415,"wt":1465},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百二十一: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 394)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"Lu Tanwei’s paintings are presented to the light; looking at the Jade Pond, one expects the fish to move; leaning against the Golden Screen, one suspects the flies are gathering.","why":"Lu Tanwei's paintings are explicitly described as so lifelike that the viewer expects the painted fish to move and flies to gather.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c616c879008ba7e15e399?page=137","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1574,"ye":null,"t":"Medicinal History of the Things Brought from Our West Indies","a":"Nicolás Monardes","lg":"Spanish","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"Upon opening the leaf, there appeared a Dragon made with such artifice that it seemed alive, with a long neck, open mouth, bristles on its back like thorns, a long tail, and set on its feet.","why":"The dragon figure is explicitly described as made with such artifice that it seemed alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ef286585daccce30f2cc10?page=171","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1549,"wd":"1523–1574, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1523,"wt":1574},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1465,"ye":null,"t":"Trattato di Architettura (manuscript)","a":"Filarete (Antonio di Pietro Averlino)","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"He is a good master, especially in the rendering of the natural, who was with Pope Eugenius, and two others with him who truly seemed alive.","why":"The figures painted on cloth are explicitly described as being so lifelike that they truly seemed alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de98941b234a773e438c74?page=157","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1440,"wd":"1415–1465, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1415,"wt":1465},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1568,"ye":null,"t":"The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Vol. 1, 1568 Giunti edition)","a":"Giorgio Vasari","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"And those who, with judgment, know how to add to this, with grace, shadows in their places, and light with colors, they make, without doubt, the eye be deceived, so that the painting seems alive and in relief.","why":"The text explicitly states that proper light and shadow deceive the eye so that the painting seems alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21d6cb7c52df2b4f29c3e?page=332","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1547,"wd":"1526–1568, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1526,"wt":1568},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Royal Commentaries of the Incas","a":"Garcilaso de la Vega (El Inca)","lg":"Spanish","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"The body was so whole and well-prepared with a certain bitumen that it seemed alive.","why":"Acosta explicitly states that the embalmed body, prepared with bitumen and gold leaf eyes, seemed alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ea0f6013a685002bb8ded8?page=263","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1568,"ye":null,"t":"The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Vol. 1, 1568 Giunti edition)","a":"Giorgio Vasari","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"This must have made that work, when it had its original polish, a most lifelike thing.","why":"The sculpted torso is explicitly called 'a most lifelike thing' with veins carved to appear like nerves in natural figures.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21d6cb7c52df2b4f29c3e?page=544","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1547,"wd":"1526–1568, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1526,"wt":1568},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship","a":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","lg":"German","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"he believed he could animate them through the liveliness of his voice and the movement of his hands.","why":"The crafted figures (puppets) are explicitly stated to have seemed alive to him and capable of being animated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e792379adaf7b110e3a437?page=25","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1780,"wd":"1764–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1764,"wt":1795},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1471,"ye":null,"t":"La Teseide, with notes by Pietro Andrea di Bassi","a":"Boccaccio, Giovanni, 1313-1375","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"They adorned it with such skill that it seemed alive, the very one the bull loved most.","why":"The crafted wooden cow is explicitly described as adorned with such skill that it seemed alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33676876dd827cbc508d7?page=98","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1352,"wd":"1328–1375, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1328,"wt":1375},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1515,"ye":null,"t":"Dante with the Site and Form of Hell","a":"Dante Alighieri","lg":"Italian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"The dead seemed dead, and the living seemed alive.","why":"The pavement carvings are described as so lifelike that the figures portrayed seemed truly alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a30565f904ad9c01e0cd9?page=241","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1301,"wd":"1280–1321, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1280,"wt":1321},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十三之二十一 (vol 527)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"On the plain walls, his brushwork was vigorous and the divine spirit of the figures seemed alive.","why":"The painting's figures are explicitly described as having divine spirit that seemed alive, fitting crafted works depicted as so lifelike they seem to live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c645e39b4508b04e267b3?page=76","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1916,"ye":null,"t":"Greek Anthology I: Books 1-6 (Loeb)","a":"ed. W.R. Paton","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"HOMER'S statue seemed alive, not lacking thought and intellect, but only it would seem his ambrosial voice; the poetic frenzy was revealed in him.","why":"The text explicitly states that Homer's statue seemed alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de13298a46d0c97eedc969?page=104","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":980,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":1000},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1568,"ye":null,"t":"The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Vol. 2, 1568 Giunti edition)","a":"Giorgio Vasari","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"the furs of the lining are soft and alive; and the golds and silks are so well imitated that they seem not colors, but gold and silk.","why":"The painted fur lining in the portrait is explicitly described as 'soft and alive'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21d73b7c52df2b4f29e95?page=120","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1547,"wd":"1526–1568, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1526,"wt":1568},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1582,"ye":null,"t":"Delle lettere facete, et piaceuoli, di diuersi grandi huomini, et chiari ingegni, scritte sopra diuerse materi","a":"Manuzio, Aldo","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"The chariot was pulled by two doves, which certainly seemed alive, and upon them rode two Cupids with their torches lit in hand, and the bows and quivers on their shoulders.","why":"The crafted theatrical doves pulling the chariot are explicitly described as certainly seeming alive.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085b4f49638a50931cb6f3?page=152","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1561,"wd":"1561","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1561,"wt":1561},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"In the Next World","a":"A.P. Sinnett","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"But these puzzled him greatly, for as he looked at them, the figures represented seemed alive, moving about, yet when he touched them, they were the same as the surface of the wall.","why":"The pictures are crafted works whose represented figures are explicitly described as seeming alive and moving about.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1aa8e6c8638d1ea5c81b23?page=35","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1887,"wd":"1855–1918, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1855,"wt":1918},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Shadowings","a":"Lafcadio Hearn","lg":"English","tr":"folk-magical","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"And Tokkei believed that she must have been thus lovely, for the figure seemed alive—ready to reply to anyone who might speak to it.","why":"The painted figure is explicitly described as seeming alive and so lifelike as to be ready to reply to anyone speaking to it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907aacdb8b55d19ec69a7f?page=39","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1885,"wd":"1865–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1865,"wt":1904},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1578,"ye":null,"t":"Le tredici piacevoli notti","a":"Giovanni Francesco Straparola","lg":"Italian","tr":"folk-magical","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"marble figures that seemed alive, and nearby flowed a small stream that watered the entire meadow.","why":"The passage explicitly describes marble figures that seemed alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e6c33ccebd408ffa389072?page=241","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1530,"wd":"1495–1565, the author's likely working life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1495,"wt":1565},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1549,"ye":null,"t":"Two Lectures","a":"Benedetto Varchi","lg":"Italian","tr":"architecture-art","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"And whoever sees his Pietà, does he not see in marble, alive and true, that sentence from that verse which showed Dante to be no less a Painter than a Poet?","why":"The passage describes Michelangelo's sculpted Pietà in marble as rendering Dante's verse where the living seem alive, seen 'alive and true'.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21d82b7c52df2b4f2a112?page=120","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"seemed alive","yw":1534,"wd":"1518–1549, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1518,"wt":1549},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"遵生八牋·卷十五 (vol 12)","a":"高濂","lg":"Chinese","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"The pupils of the figures are like dots of lacquer; their expressions make one suspect they are alive.","why":"The text describes figures in the painted scroll whose 'expressions make one suspect they are alive,' meeting the criterion of a crafted work so lifelike it seems to live.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3cc188ec254ff6cae0d21c?page=7","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1596,"wd":"1588–1603, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1588,"wt":1603},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷四十一 (vol 476)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"not-stated","q":"Liu Jing <note>style name Juji</note> collected a Tang dynasty painting of these that looked as if alive.","why":"A Tang dynasty painting is explicitly described as looking as if alive, directly meeting the criterion for a crafted work appearing lifelike.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c642d39b4508b04e24dab?page=100","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Works of N.A. Dobrolyubov, Vol. 1","a":"Николай Александрович Добролюбов","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"It was not only the noble troubadours, who traveled with their squires, jugglers, and all sorts of henchmen, nor just the court parasites, but the people themselves who naively sang of heroes \"who destroyed more people than the cruelest plague,\" and of \"majestic, inaccessible palaces, at the gates of which lions stood, as if alive, ready to devour anyone who, uninvited, dared to approach the magnificent dwelling.\"","why":"Lion statues at the palace gates are explicitly described as standing 'as if alive', fitting the criterion of a crafted work so lifelike it seems to live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af122bb8bbede5a0084ed9?page=580","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1856,"wd":"1851–1861, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1851,"wt":1861},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1545,"ye":null,"t":"Description of All Parts of the Human Body, or What They Call Anatomy","a":"Ryff, Walther Hermann","lg":"Latin","tr":"medical","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"In which each limb is represented as if alive, with the most accurate outlines of the figures, reduced into the present Tables by the work and diligence of Master Gualtherus H. Ryff of Strasbourg, Physician.","why":"The anatomical illustrations are explicitly described as crafted figures in which each limb is represented 'as if alive'.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a4252e480ec989e1e680613?page=9","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1530,"wd":"1515–1545, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1515,"wt":1545},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1671,"ye":null,"t":"Athanasii Kircheri... Ars magna lucis et umbrae, in X. libros digesta","a":"Kircher, Athanasius","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"It is, however, a thing most worthy of being seen, since with its help it is possible to exhibit even entire satirical, tragic, and theatrical scenes in order, as if alive.","why":"The text explicitly states that the projected theatrical scenes are exhibited 'as if alive', satisfying the criterion of a crafted work so lifelike it seems to live.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6aeff6e2b8bd5c3cb3406?page=714","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1631,"wd":"1616–1646, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1646},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1726,"ye":null,"t":"Imperial Mirror of Categories","a":"張英","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"Flying, singing, perching, or resting—movement and stillness are as if alive.","why":"The crafted work is explicitly described as having movement and stillness that are 'as if alive', fulfilling the criterion of being so lifelike it seems to live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3cef118642f0445b1605bd?page=76","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"as if alive","yw":1710,"wd":"c. 1701–1710","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1701,"wt":1710},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1517,"ye":null,"t":"Martialis","a":"Marcus Valerius Martialis","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Publius has her depicted on a tablet, in which you will see an Issa so lifelike that not even she is so similar to herself.","why":"The painted portrait is explicitly described as so lifelike that placing the dog next to it makes one think both are real.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08555e15c643eb1af55af7?page=58","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":80,"wd":"55–104, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":55,"wt":104},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"Zuni Breadstuff","a":"Frank Hamilton Cushing","lg":"English","tr":"folk-magical","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"He cannot be convinced that those things standing or sitting around so often are lifeless!","why":"The crafted figures are described as appearing so lifelike that the horse cannot be convinced they are lifeless.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992597c3d2d40d1b058fa83?page=197","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1886,"wd":"1872–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1900},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1844,"ye":null,"t":"Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms","a":"魏源","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"The fingers of his right hand seem to move, his eyes seem to gaze, and his mouth looks as if it is making sound.","why":"The crafted figure is described as so lifelike it seems to live, with fingers seeming to move, eyes gazing, and mouth appearing to speak.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cf6df5b4f75c1a4c8dc5?page=7","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1827,"wd":"1809–1844, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1809,"wt":1844},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1646,"ye":null,"t":"Kircher Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae (1646)","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"artwork-craft","s":"soul-form","q":"Since indeed these colors are by no means diffused without the aid of light, the cause is that light is, as it were, the form and soul of colors, without which they lie hidden under a dark power; but when light arrives, they are led forth into action and sight, and as if animated, they represent living images of the things from which they emanated.","why":"The projected optical images are explicitly called 'living images' and described as appearing 'as if animated'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695592827bd6d2cd1d61ab34?page=174","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1631,"wd":"1616–1646, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1646},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1623,"ye":null,"t":"Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio)","a":"William Shakespeare","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Prepare\nTo see the life as lively mocked as ever\nStill sleep mocked death.","why":"The statue is explicitly described as being so lifelike that it mocks life as closely as sleep mocks death.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e753fc095c302d3fddc9c1?page=325","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"so lifelike","yw":1598,"wd":"1579–1616, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1579,"wt":1616},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"\n              Voyagie van Capiteyn William Hawkins, door Oost-Indien, gedaan anno 1608 en vervolgens. :\n     ","a":"Purchas, Samuel, ca1577-1626","lg":"Dutch","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"About the castle or fort, there lies in the river an elephant made of stone, so lifelike that an elephant coming there at a certain time to drink ran at it so fiercely that it broke its two tusks.","why":"The stone elephant statue is explicitly described as so lifelike that a living elephant mistook it for real and charged it.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b525b729577f283b57b79c?page=130","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1609,"wd":"1592–1626, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1626},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1679,"ye":null,"t":"Mercurii zweyfacher Schlangen-Stab, das ist: I. Glücks-Ruthe. II. Menstruum seu solvens universale philosophic","a":"anonymous","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"For in him, the <term>Spiritus Mundi</term> <gloss>World Spirit</gloss> (which brings everything in this world into bloom and sustains it) is abundantly contained, as you will see and experience in the future (if God, as a Ruler, permits it).","why":"The text explicitly states that the Spiritus Mundi (World Spirit) brings everything in the world into bloom and sustains it.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c807e46c6f3cc53c845a7f?page=24","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1679,"wd":"c. 1670–1679","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1670,"wt":1679},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1679,"ye":null,"t":"Mercurii zweyfacher Schlangen-Stab, das ist: I. Glücks-Ruthe. II. Menstruum seu solvens universale philosophic","a":"anonymous","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"\"Do you then think that no life is found in him? Because he does not stir nor move, and has no sensitivity like the <term>Animalia</term> <gloss>living creatures or animals</gloss>, you are again greatly mistaken.\"","why":"A figure formed lifelike out of matter is affirmed to have life found in him despite lacking movement or animal sensitivity.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c807e46c6f3cc53c845a7f?page=24","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1679,"wd":"c. 1670–1679","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1670,"wt":1679},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷四之八 (vol 307)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"Cutting flowers, one suspects they have just bloomed; carving swallows, they seem to have just started","why":"Crafted cut flowers and carved swallows are described as so lifelike that they appear to have just bloomed and taken flight.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c638193327f06e8350bc2?page=32","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百五十二~卷一百五十三: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 111)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"The procession includes one row of processional screens, one sitting screen, four circular hand-held fans, ten trees of processional flowers, ten lifelike Torch Dragons, hairpins for high buns, and eight boys on horseback divided into left and right sides to lead the palanquin.","why":"The crafted Torch Dragons in the procession are explicitly described as lifelike.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c605040c88a541d8e801a?page=98","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1860,"ye":null,"t":"考工記圖 (Kaogong Ji / Record of Trades, illustrated)","a":"Dai Zhen (戴震), ed.","lg":"Chinese","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"It is as if they are suddenly alive.","why":"Crafted animal depictions are explicitly described as so lifelike that it is as if they are suddenly alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de998f1b234a773e43b16f?page=98","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"lexical","ph":"lifelike","yw":-450,"wd":"c. 500–400 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-500,"wt":-400},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1489,"ye":null,"t":"De Vita Libri Tres (Three Books on Life)","a":"Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"Trismegistus says that the Egyptians were accustomed to making such things from certain materials of the world and were accustomed to insert into them, at opportune times, the souls of demons, as well as the soul of his grandfather Hermes.","why":"The text explicitly states that Egyptians inserted the souls of demons and Hermes into crafted objects, and souls descended into statues.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906831249ce014347d5b5c?page=208","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1788,"ye":null,"t":"The Hebrew Mysteries, or the Oldest Religious Freemasonry","a":"[Reinhold, Karl Leonhard]","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"These statues were actually animated and prophetic, * and as Trismegistus <note>Hermes Trismegistus, the legendary Hellenistic figure to whom various mystical and philosophical writings were attributed.</note> expresses himself in the works of Clement of Alexandria <note>A prominent Christian theologian of the late 2nd century who often cited pagan philosophy.</note> \\ : \"Bodies of the gods, which were forced by certain magical rituals to take on, animate, and inhabit those earthly shells.\"","why":"Statues are explicitly described as animated and inhabited/animated by gods.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697d9ca0497b33476ec3a451?page=95","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"statues were animated","yw":1780,"wd":"1772–1788, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1772,"wt":1788},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1505,"ye":null,"t":"Contents of this Volume: Pimander, Asclepius, and the Crater of Hermes","a":"Hermes, Trismegistus, ca. 2./4. Jh.","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"Animated statues, full of sense and spirit, doing such and such things.","why":"The text explicitly describes statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e0e768235dc6598b8f2?page=99","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":200,"wd":"c. 100–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1676,"ye":null,"t":"The Sphinx Mystagogue","a":"Kircher, Athanasius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Wherefore they also entered into Statues duly prepared by them, and from them gave answers to those who flocked to them, and remained in them for many years, the more willingly the more the Statues were made from material more congruent to them;","why":"The passage explicitly states that genii or terrestrial gods entered and inhabited statues prepared for them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e83768235dc65994835?page=59","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1646,"wd":"1616–1676, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1676},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"Iacobi Gaffarelli curiositates inauditae, sive selectae observationes de variis superstitionibus ... de figuri","a":"Gaffarel, Jacques","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"image-statue","s":"sun-stars","q":"For no power flows from heaven except at a certain time of the period, after which the image remains void and useless, cold and dead.","why":"The text explicitly states that once celestial power ceases to flow, the image remains 'cold and dead'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda020f6d63c9197484c17?page=212","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1649,"wd":"1616–1681, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1616,"wt":1681},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Thrice-Greatest Hermes, Vol. 3: Excerpts and Fragments","a":"G.R.S. Mead","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"ritual-consecration","q":"concerning image-worship, or the consecrated and \"ensouled,\" or \"animated,\" statues of the gods.","why":"Statues are explicitly described as ensouled or animated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69924f41c8e06d213c5d40d5?page=267","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1892,"wd":"1878–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1878,"wt":1906},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1529,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books on Life","a":"Ficino, Marsilio, 1433-1499","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"sun-stars","q":"Hermes Trismegistus <note>The legendary founder of Hermeticism</note> says the Egyptians used to make such things from certain materials of the world, and were accustomed to opportunely insert into them the souls of demons, as well as the soul of his grandfather Mercury.","why":"The passage explicitly states that crafted objects were ensouled by inserting the souls of demons into them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6948856a2f9c70e60597cb30?page=210","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1607,"ye":null,"t":"On the Egyptian Mysteries","a":"Iamblichus, Chalcidensis, 250-325","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"image-statue","s":"god-divine","q":"I speak of animated statues, full of sense and spirit, which perform such great deeds.","why":"The text explicitly describes statues as animated and full of sense and spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51ebcff09e4fe943b3b7b?page=519","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"animated statues","yw":280,"wd":"c. 260–300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":260,"wt":300},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1735,"ye":null,"t":"Kurtzgefasste Historie von den zehen Haupt-Verfolgungen der ersten Christen","a":"Benckendorff, Heinrich","lg":"German","tr":"christian-hagiography","c":"image-statue","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"There, two sorcerers, Zaroe and Arphaxad, initially resisted them fiercely, but they were soon overcome by the Apostles, whereupon the Persian King himself was converted to their teaching. Finally, as these two Apostles preached the Gospel here and there in Persia, they came to the city of Cassaim. There they were led to the image of the Sun; however, as soon as the Apostles approached the image, the evil spirits who were hidden in the image, spoke through it, and allowed themselves to be worshipped, came forth in the form of several Moors and broke the idolatrous image.","why":"The image is explicitly described as being inhabited by evil spirits who hid within it and spoke through it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c836106c6f3cc53c84eaa5","fm":true,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"the image spoke","yw":1730,"wd":"c. 1700–1735","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1735},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1902,"ye":null,"t":"Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies (Stromata) Book VII","a":"Clement of Alexandria","lg":"Greek","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"ἔμψυχος (ensouled/animate): 862, 863 (ensouled statue).","why":"The text explicitly refers to an 'ensouled statue'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ad716ac5001c07fa847f7d?page=531","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"ensouled statue","yw":190,"wd":"165–215, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":165,"wt":215},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1802,"ye":null,"t":"Die Wolke ueber dem Heiligthum","a":"Eckartshausen, Karl von","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Just as the spirit of nature spreads through the most desolate lands to animate, preserve, and provide growth to everything capable of growing, the spirit of light spread inwardly through all nations.","why":"The text explicitly describes a spirit of nature that spreads to animate and sustain things capable of growing.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c6f3d4da9771c716314e93","fm":true,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1785,"wd":"1767–1802, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1767,"wt":1802},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1370,"ye":null,"t":"Sonnets, Songs, and Triumphs","a":"Francesco Petrarca","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Prometheus, having ascended to heaven with the help of Pallas to breathe life into the clay statue he had made, took all the virtues and placed them in a very well-sealed chest.","why":"The text describes Prometheus ascending to heaven to breathe life into a clay statue he had made, depicting a crafted work being ensouled and brought to life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/dcb9a95b-40b3-4a72-ad3b-744f0f766699?page=299","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1347,"wd":"1319–1374, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1319,"wt":1374},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1570,"ye":null,"t":"On the Mysteries (De Mysteriis)","a":"Iamblichus / Marsilio Ficino","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"For this is the life of God, this is His act: to move individual things and to breathe life into all.","why":"The text explicitly states that God's act is to move individual things and breathe life into all, asserting a vital breath animates things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695593437bd6d2cd1d61bda2?page=450","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":293,"wd":"255–330, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":330},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Vissarion Belinsky, Vol. 8","a":"Vissarion Belinsky","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"That is when a deathly cold descends upon the soul, similar to death itself; the heart cannot sympathize with the sufferings of others, it does not dare to think about its own sufferings; the stream of tears is covered by a heavy icy crust; and if the eyes still shine, it is the shine of ice.","why":"The passage describes from the inside an inner state of emotional numbness and torpor, where a deathly cold descends upon the soul.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af3851677cd73a3221c4df?page=241","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1837,"wd":"1826–1848, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1826,"wt":1848},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1631,"ye":null,"t":"Dr. Fludds Answer to M. Foster or, the squesing of parson Fosters sponge","a":"Fludd, Robert","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"The Wise Man says: Wisdom 12:1. That the incorruptible spirit is in all things.","why":"The passage explicitly cites Wisdom to assert that an incorruptible spirit is present in all things, giving virtue even to things seeming without life.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8125f6c6f3cc53c847b72?page=167","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1610,"wd":"1589–1631, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1631},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"A new light of alchymie. Of the nature of things. Chymicall dictionary","a":"Sendivogius, Michael, |Paracelsus, Theophrastus, anonymous","lg":"French","tr":"kabbalah","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Now, it is certain that he receives it; and what he receives, he breathes into nature.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Holy Spirit breathes the soul and breath of life into nature.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f3aa0b916adb58c0d1?page=89","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1608,"wd":"1575–1640, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1575,"wt":1640},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"Herodotus: Herodoti Halicarnassei Historiae Libri IX. Et De Vita Homeri libellus","a":"Herodotus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"text-word","s":"not-stated","q":"If we look at our own conquests of cities, that description by Homer—\"They kill the men\" <note>original Greek: \"Andras men kteinousi\"; a reference to the Iliad, book 9</note>—will seem cold and lifeless by comparison.","why":"Homer's poetic description is explicitly called cold and lifeless by comparison.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a50a00bad1859a71f41bf9e?page=71","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"cold and lifeless","yw":-446,"wd":"468–424 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-468,"wt":-424},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百二~卷一百四 (vol 135)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"all that the Yin and Yang breathe life into, all that the rain and dew nourish, and all that the Way and Virtue sustain—these are all born of the same father and mother and share the same harmony.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the vital forces of Yin and Yang breathe life into all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c662639b4508b04e32690?page=3","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"lexical","ph":"breathe life into","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1649,"ye":null,"t":"On Remedies for Both Fortunes & Secretum","a":"Francesco Petrarca","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian-humanist","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Do you not know that you are delighted not only by the cold and lifeless offspring of the earth, but by the work of a dark and squalid workshop, and finally, by the remnants of Roman plunder?","why":"Corinthian crafted vessels and statues are explicitly called the 'cold and lifeless offspring of the earth'.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aea708971abe996d21b4aa?page=172","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"cold and lifeless","yw":1360,"wd":"1360","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1360,"wt":1360},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1862,"ye":null,"t":"The Barddas","a":"Iolo Morganwg / John Williams Ab Ithel","lg":"Welsh/English","tr":"other","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"heat-fire","q":"and the atoms or elements of light, whence proceed all living corporeity, and all intellect, and all spirituality and life, and all sensibility: for every thing dead is cold—every thing living is warm.","why":"The passage identifies the elements of light as the vital animating principle from which all life, intellect, spirituality, and living corporeity proceed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955838057e3b773024f86ff?page=360","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without life or spirit","yw":1800,"wd":"Iolo Morganwg forgeries c. 1790–1826","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1790,"wt":1826},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1865,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, Vol. I","a":"William Edward Hartpole Lecky","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"text-word","s":"not-stated","q":"The names of ancient heroes were indeed familiar, their main achievements were recounted, and the original writings recording them were sometimes read, but they felt cold and lifeless to the reader.","why":"The ancient writings are explicitly characterized as cold and lifeless to the reader.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699069f81cf6ed5fbc8f4967?page=235","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"cold and lifeless","yw":1859,"wd":"1853–1865, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1853,"wt":1865},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1598,"ye":null,"t":"Apologia chrysopoeiae et argyropoeiae","a":"Claves, Gaston de","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"For I cannot agree with those who said that metals, or our gold-making or silver-making seed, or the stone of the philosophers, are alive.","why":"The author explicitly denies that metals, metallic seed, or the stone are alive or have a soul, arguing against vitalist alchemy.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8254d6c6f3cc53c84b865?page=189","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":1590,"wd":"c. 1590–1598","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1590,"wt":1598},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"History of Greek Philosophy","a":"Heinrich Ritter & Ludwig Preller","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"But in the name of Zeus, shall we really be so easily persuaded that motion, life, soul, and wisdom are not present in that which is completely real, and that it neither lives nor thinks, but remains solemn and holy, having no intelligence, and is fixed and motionless?","why":"The passage explicitly argues that 'that which is completely real' possesses life and wisdom, is ensouled, and lives.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ae953814ec9b78c4cedc05?page=258","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":1838,"wd":"1806–1869, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1806,"wt":1869},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1883,"ye":null,"t":"The kabbala: or, the true science of light. An introduction to the philosophy and theosophy of the ancient sag","a":"Pancoast, S","lg":"English","tr":"kabbalah","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Kingdom, however, they have not the smallest trace of that most precious of all natural gifts—that mystery, life.","why":"Argues that inorganic matter has no trace of life and lacks an internal governing principle.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c895676c6f3cc53c85c30d?page=156","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":1883,"wd":"1883","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1883,"wt":1883},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1475,"ye":null,"t":"Tiberias, a treatise on the Tiber and its banks; and other tracts, 1475","a":"Unknown","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"That, however, which the earth sustains; it is [a tree], and thus the vegetative soul, which is a spiritual form, was a production from the trees.","why":"The passage explicitly states that trees possess a vegetative soul, satisfying the criterion that plants have a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f336da876dd827cbc50ffe?page=113","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"lacks life","yw":1475,"wd":"c. 1400–1475","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1400,"wt":1475},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1717,"ye":null,"t":"Lehr-Sätze von der Atheisterey und dem Aberglauben","a":"Buddeus, Johannes Franciscus","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"These were, furthermore, not only from all eternity, but would also be moved through an infinite empty space from infinite times past solely through the power of their weight, without any life or sensation contributing anything to it, and without the impulse of an external cause.","why":"The passage explicitly states atoms move solely through weight and mechanism, without any life or sensation contributing to them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c795836a0f3d112fafa04e?page=259","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without any life","yw":1700,"wd":"1682–1717, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1682,"wt":1717},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1717,"ye":null,"t":"Lehr-Sätze von der Atheisterey und dem Aberglauben","a":"Buddeus, Johannes Franciscus","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"not-stated","q":"These were further not only from all eternity, but moved through an infinite empty space from infinite times by the force of their weight alone, without any life or sensation contributing to it, and without the drive of an external cause.","why":"The text explicitly describes Epicurus's system where eternal atoms/matter move through empty space purely by weight 'without any life or sensation contributing to it', arguing nature and matter are inert mechanism witho","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c795836a0f3d112fafa04e","fm":true,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"lexical","ph":"without any life","yw":1700,"wd":"1682–1717, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1682,"wt":1717},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1488,"ye":null,"t":"Mi la ras pa'i gsung mgur mdzod nag ma (Songs of Milarepa, 'Black Treasury')","a":"Milarepa; Tsangnyon Heruka (compiler)","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"body","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"The person whose body and mind are expanded with bliss is truly happy!","why":"The pole is right; the passage describes experiential bliss expanding in the body and mind ('gladness felt in the body').","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dfee84ce6bb8619e07f35a?page=556","fm":false,"d":"torpor","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1319,"wd":"1299–1339, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1299,"wt":1339},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1598,"ye":null,"t":"Apologia chrysopoeiae et argyropoeiae","a":"Claves, Gaston de","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"Since these things are inanimate, they must be moved by an external impulse.","why":"The passage explicitly argues that inanimate bodies lack an internal cause of motion and must be moved by an external impulse.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8254d6c6f3cc53c84b865?page=231","fm":false,"d":"lifeless_made","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1590,"wd":"c. 1590–1598","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1590,"wt":1598},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1917,"ye":null,"t":"The System of the World: A History of Cosmological Doctrines from Plato to Copernicus, Vol. V","a":"Pierre Duhem","lg":"French","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"There are separate Intelligences in the same number as that of the spheres, each of the spheres experiences a desire for this Intelligence, which is its principle, and this one imparts to it the movement which is proper to it, in such a way that such an intelligence sets such a sphere in motion....","why":"The passage explicitly describes celestial spheres as conceiving, experiencing desire, possessing intellect, and being moved by separate Intelligences.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af5966522dc3dfdf725c38?page=189","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1895,"wd":"1876–1913, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1913},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1498,"ye":null,"t":"De vita libri tres (De triplici vita); Apologia; Quod necessaria sit ad vitam securitas; Annotatio","a":"Ficinus, Marsilius","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"heavens-stars","s":"proportion-number","q":"First, indeed, if bodies that are more temperate live more, the most temperate heaven lives the most.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the most temperate heaven lives the most and possesses life in itself.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbca011040d1d5e20a86c0?page=147","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1489,"wd":"1489","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1489,"wt":1489},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"The Essence of the Soul","a":"Nemichandra Siddhanta Chakravarti","lg":"Ne","tr":"jain","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Subtract the mobile souls, the four elemental groups <note>earth, water, fire, and air</note>, and the individual <term>Pratyeka</term> vegetables from the total of all mundane souls.","why":"The text explicitly classifies the elements (earth, water, fire, air) and vegetables as types of mundane souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a2199664b61907ea5ffbbf4?page=196","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":980,"wd":"c. 975–985","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":975,"wt":985},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"Plato De legibus . Platonos Nomoi . Ac praeterea alii eiusdem [Platonis] Dialogi tum gnesioi, tum nothoi, Defi","a":"Plato","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"god-divine","q":"And indeed, that they are justly said to be ensouled, let us first think about their magnitude.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the stars are justly said to be ensouled.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6993899b74305116d72d25ac?page=524","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Veritas hermetica veritatem quaerenti","a":"Unknown","lg":"Italian","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"that to the gold shall come the desired life,","why":"The passage states outright that life and the effect of seed come to gold through the Universal Spirit, so the alive pole is correct.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991c5943074a1745a411d66?page=317","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1700,"wd":"17th-18th century","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1650,"wt":1750},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1881,"ye":null,"t":"Minor Latin Poets, Vols. III-IV","a":"Aemilius Baehrens","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"The learned hand polished the stone into living limbs:","why":"The statue is explicitly described as polished from stone into living limbs, presenting a crafted work as lifelike.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af4a2f0c7af0237dfb8b88?page=629","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":200,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":500},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1772,"ye":null,"t":"Nature Unveiled","a":"[Kirchweger, Anton Joseph]","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"animal","s":"sun-stars","q":"Life is nothing other than a celestial and astral light which inflames the spirit of life and pushes it to act.","why":"It explicitly defines life as a celestial and astral light inflaming the spirit of life to animate action.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255e93e158c7e3c9a4f6e?page=250","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1772,"wd":"1772","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1772,"wt":1772},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle","a":"Dupuis, Charles-François","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"heat-fire","q":"The Stoics, says Achilles Tatius <note>Achilles Tatius, chapter 13</note>, claim to prove that the stars are animated by the very fact that they are composed of the substance of the fire Ether.","why":"The passage states outright that the Stoics claim to prove that the stars are animated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c881c06c6f3cc53c8593a3?page=283","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1776,"wd":"1757–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1757,"wt":1795},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1740,"ye":null,"t":"Erklärte Offenbarung Johannis und vielmehr Jesu Christi","a":"Bengel, Johann Albrecht","lg":"German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"image-statue","s":"not-stated","q":"For these two live and act until they are thrown into the lake of fire: but nothing of the kind is mentioned regarding the image.","why":"Bengel states outright regarding the image that 'in reality, there will be nothing living in it' and that unlike the beasts, it is not living.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c7a81892b884e4f8173d17?page=777","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1721,"wd":"1702–1740, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1702,"wt":1740},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1593,"ye":null,"t":"Artis auriferae quam chemiam vocant, volumen primum [- secundum]","a":"","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"it is also said to be animal, because it has a soul.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the stone/metal is animal and has a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9d5d6120d54bd03763d7?page=1152","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1593,"wd":"c. 1100–1593","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1593},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Veritas hermetica veritatem quaerenti","a":"Unknown","lg":"Italian","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"heat-fire","q":"because heat and humidity\nare nourishment in truth\nof all things in the world\nthat have life—therein I ground myself—\nas with vegetables and animals,\nand likewise minerals;","why":"The text explicitly classifies minerals alongside vegetables and animals as things in the world that have life and take nourishment.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991c5943074a1745a411d66?page=387","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1700,"wd":"17th-18th century","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1650,"wt":1750},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1911,"ye":null,"t":"Mystics of the Renaissance","a":"Rudolf Steiner","lg":"German-English","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"even though Bruno did still think of the sensible as soul-like","why":"The passage states outright that Bruno conceived sensible reality as soul-like (ensouled).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953dd7177f38f6761be7c2b?page=278","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1894,"wd":"1876–1911, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1911},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"The Essence of the Soul","a":"Nemichandra Siddhanta Chakravarti","lg":"Ne","tr":"hindu","c":"fire-element","s":"soul-form","q":"Gross water-bodied souls are white, and fire-bodied souls are yellow.","why":"The passage explicitly describes water and fire as embodied souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a2199664b61907ea5ffbbf4?page=321","fm":false,"d":"numbness","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":980,"wd":"c. 975–985","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":975,"wt":985},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"近松浄瑠璃集 (Chikamatsu Jōruri Collection), Vol. 2","a":"Chikamatsu Monzaemon","lg":"Japanese","tr":"other","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"It must be that the painting of a master has been imbued with a soul and appeared.","why":"The text explicitly describes a painting as having been imbued with a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e753e8095c302d3fddc6f5?page=589","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1697,"wd":"1668–1725, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1668,"wt":1725},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1653,"ye":null,"t":"Henrici Cornelii Agrippae ab Nettesheym de incertitudine & vanitate omnium scientiarum & artium liber, lectu p","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"the universe, distributed into individual bodies, both animate and inanimate, but that it participates less in those that appear to us to be devoid of soul, and more in those that are animate, and most of all in the celestial bodies: and thus they finally conclude that individual souls are nothing but parts of the universal soul.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the universal soul of the cosmos and the ensoulment of celestial bodies.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9edaf6d63c919747d0bd?page=212","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"De Lapide Philosophorum (Philosophers Stone)","a":"John Dee","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus, the middle-nature is also a seed or generative essence <note>original Latin: sperma</note> in all things, and the middle-nature prepares the elements to be like itself for the sake of procreation.","why":"The passage explicitly states that a seed or generative essence is in all things and prepares the elements for procreation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953ab3477f38f6761bd6997?page=30","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1572,"wd":"1542–1601, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1542,"wt":1601},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1499,"ye":null,"t":"Poliphilo's Strife of Love in a Dream","a":"Francesco Colonna","lg":"Italian/Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"self","s":"sympathy-love","q":"Therefore, being somewhat consoled by the nourishing light <note>original: \"alma luce\"</note>, and having recovered my lost and renounced spirits, and slowly restored my prostrate strength, I urged my suspended and trackless path and flight toward the right effort.","why":"The narrator describes from the inside recovering his lost spirits and having his prostrate strength restored.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/a7d82d02-1a76-4f5f-af99-339285a345f9?page=62","fm":false,"d":"rebirth","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1499,"wd":"c. 1467–1499","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1467,"wt":1499},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1766,"ye":null,"t":"Johann Gottfried Jugels natürliche Berg-Schmelz- und Figier-Kunst, in drey Theilen abgefasset, deren I. Theil ","a":"Jugel, Johann Gottfried","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The preceding chapters, in which the first seeds, type, and generation of the same were naturally prefigured in their veins of the earth, and from which the whole mineral nature-realm in its stripped-away larva will be quite visibly recognizable, shall lay the foundation for this metallic and mineral earth-building, which in its interior possesses only a main hall of this natural assembly, which, however, harbors many exits, and finally divides itself into many chambers, and presents us with an astonishment-filled observation through this wondrous outline.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the first seeds and generation of ores within the veins of the earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda11bf6d63c919748e22f?page=515","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1744,"wd":"1722–1766, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1722,"wt":1766},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"嘉定城通志 (Gia Định Thành Thông Chí)","a":"Trịnh Hoài Đức","lg":"Vietnamese","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"earth","s":"not-stated","q":"Mountains are the bones of the earth, and water is the blood of the earth.","why":"The text explicitly conceives the earth as a living organism possessing bones, blood, and circulation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69eab61eaa41f15d8998e582?page=12","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1800,"wd":"1780–1820, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1780,"wt":1820},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1671,"ye":null,"t":"Basil Valentine: Last Will & Testament (1671)","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"The earthy affords an imagination, that the earth is fitted for conception and is impregnated; the Elements nourish and feed this fruit, bring it on by a continued hot quality unto perfection; the earthy substance affords a form thereunto.","why":"The passage explicitly claims the earth conceives, is impregnated, and gestates metalline seeds as fruit brought unto perfection.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/7fad466b-fc3a-4869-8b8d-8b121fd2def6?page=410","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1599–1624","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1599,"wt":1624},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1925,"ye":null,"t":"Diary of a Drug Fiend","a":"Aleister Crowley","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"self","s":"other","q":"Yet, in two minutes, one small sniff restored me to full energy.","why":"The narrator describes from the inside the return of strength and full energy following complete physical exhaustion.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e3c677f38f6761bee1fb?page=90","fm":false,"d":"torpor","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1906,"wd":"1890–1922, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1890,"wt":1922},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the Philosophers)","a":"Al-Ghazali","lg":"Arabic","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"They said: “Heaven, through its motion, obeys God and seeks to draw nigh to Him, because every motion that is voluntary is for an end; for it is inconceivable that action and movement should proceed from an animal unless it is more suitable for [the animal] to act than to refrain [from the act].","why":"The text attributes voluntary motion, obedience to God, and animal agency to heaven.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906543726f64800c10abfe?page=327","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1091,"wd":"1071–1111, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1071,"wt":1111},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus Diadochus","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"But the soul, being interwoven from the center to the very ends of the heaven in every direction, and covering the world all around on the outside, and turning within itself, began a divine beginning of unceasing and wise life for all time.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the world and heaven as ensouled and beginning an unceasing, wise life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69557474f63a7571091734e4?page=616","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1642,"ye":null,"t":"Traicté du feu et du sel","a":"Vigenère, Blaise de","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"fire-element","s":"heat-fire","q":"Although this humidity seems dead and inanimate compared to fire, which is alive, it is permanent, especially in salt, which has an inexterminable humidity.","why":"The text explicitly attributes life to the element of fire, stating directly that fire is alive and discussing how it lives.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c804a16c6f3cc53c844f0d?page=194","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1567,"wd":"1538–1596, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1538,"wt":1596},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1502,"ye":null,"t":"The Divine Comedy","a":"Dante Alighieri","lg":"Italian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Diverse virtue makes a diverse alloy\nWith the precious body <note>the celestial sphere</note> it enlivens;","why":"The text explicitly states that virtue enlivens the celestial sphere, bound within it just like life in the human body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2212608069e96e842ec85?page=351","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1301,"wd":"1280–1321, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1280,"wt":1321},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1924,"ye":null,"t":"黙阿弥全集 (Mokuami Complete Works), Vol. 20","a":"Kawatake Mokuami","lg":"Japanese","tr":"folk-magical","c":"artwork-craft","s":"soul-form","q":"The soul has entered into those <term>Otsu-e</term>, and that is why they come to life.","why":"The text explicitly states that a soul entered the Otsu-e paintings and that is why they come to life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e75e9ccc48e59ad74ed6df?page=831","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1862,"wd":"1831–1893, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1831,"wt":1893},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"La philosophie occulte (De occulta philosophia) Tome 2","a":"Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"THE PHILOSOPHERS have left us theses which maintain, as we have proven previously, that the Heavens and the Stars are divine animals and that their souls are endowed with understanding, and that they partake of the divine spirit.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the heavens and stars are divine animals endowed with souls and understanding.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6956ead7b5d89fc3ccb478d1?page=62","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1917,"ye":null,"t":"The Apocalypse of Our Time","a":"Vasily Rozanov","lg":"Russian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Then it is understandable that \"plants hear and think\" (tales of antiquity), and in general, it is understandable that they have \"a soul\"!!","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that plants hear, think, and possess a soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af42523fd91d399139945b?page=139","fm":false,"d":"garden","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1894,"wd":"1871–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1871,"wt":1917},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1706,"ye":null,"t":"The Golden Age Revealed","a":"Chrysandrus Alitophilus","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"thickening in its Matrix <note>original: Matrice; the womb-like environment in the earth where minerals were thought to grow</note>, for as long as it takes until something tangible, thick, and heavy is generated or sired from it.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals and minerals as being sired, generated in a matrix, and ripening like living organisms.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6975158ca88d83c830d99e36?page=185","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1706,"wd":"1706","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1706,"wt":1706},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1862,"ye":null,"t":"The Barddas","a":"Iolo Morganwg / John Williams Ab Ithel","lg":"Welsh/English","tr":"welsh-bardic","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"God being in the particle as its life, and every particle or atom being in God and His life.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that every particle/atom of primordial matter has God in it as its life.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955838057e3b773024f86ff?page=363","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1800,"wd":"Iolo Morganwg forgeries c. 1790–1826","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1790,"wt":1826},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus, Vol. I","a":"Proclus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"Thus, then, even now he has placed the seven bodies into the seven circles of the whole soul.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the ensoulment of celestial bodies and spheres by the soul, treating them as ensouled living beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aff9be745631d276f4d08b?page=89","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Recognition of the Lord with Commentary","a":"Utpaladeva; Abhinavagupta, comm.","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"According to the logic already stated, it is the consciousness within inert things, and the luminosity within that consciousness, and the power of reflection within that luminosity.","why":"The passage explicitly attributes consciousness to inert things, stating that what is ordinarily considered inert possesses consciousness within it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e13cc4998131d6a99c0dce?page=221","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":935,"wd":"c. 925–950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":925,"wt":950},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"Selected Poems from the Divan of Shams-i Tabriz","a":"Jalal al-Din Rumi / R.A. Nicholson (ed. & trans.)","lg":"Persian","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"self","s":"sympathy-love","q":"I aged with his affliction, but when Tabrīz\nYou name, all my youth comes back to me.","why":"The speaker describes the inner experience of strength and youth returning upon hearing Tabrīz named.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69afd049ae982b9d51d6dd32?page=127","fm":false,"d":"quickening","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1260,"wd":"c. 1244–1273","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1244,"wt":1273},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Veritas hermetica veritatem quaerenti","a":"Unknown","lg":"Italian","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"Therefore, that which gives life to all things is the universal spirit, or general soul of the World.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that a universal spirit or general soul of the World gives life to all things.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991c5943074a1745a411d66?page=332","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1700,"wd":"17th-18th century","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1650,"wt":1750},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1605,"ye":null,"t":"Epitome of Logic","a":"Nicephorus Blemmydes","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"It is animate, however, because it is nourished, grows, and begets its likeness.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that the plant is animate because it possesses nutritive, augmentative, and generative powers of the soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942e67d607f8e57e4b8feb?page=197","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1241,"wd":"1212–1269, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1212,"wt":1269},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1658,"ye":null,"t":"The Visible World","a":"Jan Amos Comenius","lg":"Latin/English","tr":"architecture-art","c":"artwork-craft","s":"maker-craft","q":"so that the things may appear to be alive.","why":"The passage explicitly states light and shadow are added so that the painted things may appear to be alive.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/93c0e5f5-40e5-4f9a-b07b-1d67ed2d05a2?page=190","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1658,"wd":"1658","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1658,"wt":1658},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1620,"ye":null,"t":"On the Sense of Things and on Magic","a":"Tommaso Campanella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The whole world, therefore, is sense, life, soul, and body: the statue of the most high God, created for His own glory, in power, wisdom, and Love.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the whole world possesses sense, life, soul, and body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990652d726f64800c109dae?page=430","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1602,"wd":"1583–1620, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1620},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1555,"ye":null,"t":"The First News of the Other World: That is, The Venetian Virgin","a":"Postel, Guillaume","lg":"Italian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"body","s":"god-divine","q":"As for the things of the Animal and Sensible body, immediately that the Immortal and Celestial garment of the Father, as well as the Ethereal garment of the Mother, had entered the body, it began to enter sensibly through every single part, in such a way that in the bones themselves it made one feel its movement, as in the flesh and sensitive parts, so that having gone over and remade the whole body, it finally disposed the brain, making itself felt with the operation of thousands of Angels whose virtues and operations were such that in many places the skin of the old body, impatient with such velocity, cut itself thinner than any thinness in the world.","why":"Describes from the inside the physical sensation of an immortal celestial substance entering the bones and flesh and remaking the entire body.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e3dcf111105c4298f45?page=51","fm":false,"d":"vividness","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1540,"wd":"1525–1555, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1525,"wt":1555},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Chemical Kabbalah: Kieser, Paracelsus & Albertus Magnus, post-1606","a":"Franz Kieser; Paracelsus; Albertus Magnus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"and although the <term>Metalla</term> <gloss>metals</gloss> grow from it, they also die away again.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals grow and die away.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b418a92b0edf3eaa2dd84a?page=48","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1601,"wd":"1591–1610, around the author's floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1591,"wt":1610},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1803,"ye":null,"t":"Spinalba, ou les révélations de la Rose-Croix","a":"Regnault-Warin, Jean-Jospeh","lg":"French","tr":"other","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"and ten days had not passed before it returned animated with the features of my beloved daughter.","why":"The sculpted bust is described as returning animated with the daughter's features and so lifelike that 'It is she herself'.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c811476c6f3cc53c847807?page=436","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1803,"wd":"1803","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1803,"wt":1803},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1660,"ye":null,"t":"The Great Mystery","a":"Sperber, Julius","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"For because it no longer possesses a <term>vegetative soul</term> <note>original Latin: \"animam vegetativam\"; in early philosophy and biology, this was the \"soul\" or power of life responsible for growth, nutrition, and reproduction</note> within itself, it remains lying in the soil and brings forth no fruit.","why":"The passage attributes a vegetative soul to plants (alive), rather than arguing nature is inert mechanism (dead).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255f34c247322ad6ab3fa?page=199","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1586,"wd":"1555–1616, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1555,"wt":1616},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1807,"ye":null,"t":"Phenomenology of Mind","a":"Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel","lg":"English","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"building","s":"maker-craft","q":"The surrounding habitation, or external reality—which to begin with is raised merely to the abstract form of the understanding—is shaped by the artificer and made into a more animated form.","why":"The artificer shapes the surrounding habitation/external reality into a more animated (ensouled/living) form.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695434db1479a63c1108a054?page=294","fm":false,"d":"wholeness","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1808,"wd":"1785–1831, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1785,"wt":1831},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1830,"ye":null,"t":"Philosophical Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Vol. 1","a":"Seneca; Bouillet (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"It is held that the earth is ruled by nature, and indeed according to the model of our own bodies, in which there are both veins and arteries: the former are receptacles of blood, the latter of spirit.","why":"The passage directly models the earth on the human body possessing veins, arteries, and spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b00e9e312120db3b488d41?page=317","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":35,"wd":"5–65, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":5,"wt":65},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1766,"ye":null,"t":"Johann Gottfried Jugels natürliche Berg-Schmelz- und Figier-Kunst, in drey Theilen abgefasset, deren I. Theil ","a":"Jugel, Johann Gottfried","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"It has been stated and proven in the preceding that gold is accustomed to grow in stones, and that these also provide its matrix, in which it was born and matured, and in which we will also always encounter and find it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that gold grows, is born, and matures within stones as its matrix.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda11bf6d63c919748e22f?page=539","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1744,"wd":"1722–1766, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1722,"wt":1766},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1549,"ye":null,"t":"Eight Books of Dioscorides in Greek and Latin","a":"Pedanius Dioscorides (ed. Jean Ruel)","lg":"Ancient Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"In Egypt, it grows spontaneously with metals.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the mineral grows spontaneously with metals in Egypt.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aff2b8c83500af1dbf681e?page=661","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":73,"wd":"55–90, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":55,"wt":90},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1574,"ye":null,"t":"Poimandres","a":"Hermes Trismegistus","lg":"Greek-Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"The World, however, has become ever-living and immortal by the Father.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the World has become ever-living and is a living being.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6985ca72a57ab7da79b0fb12?page=65","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":150,"wd":"c. 100-300 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":300},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1620,"ye":null,"t":"On the Sense of Things and on Magic","a":"Tommaso Campanella","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"It is foolish to assert that the world is devoid of sense because it lacks eyes, ears, feet, and hands.","why":"The passage directly calls the world an animal and asserts it is foolish to claim it lacks sense.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990652d726f64800c109dae?page=62","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1602,"wd":"1583–1620, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1583,"wt":1620},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1598,"ye":null,"t":"Pandora: The Noblest Gift of God","a":"Reusner, Hieronymus","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Oh, how precious is the virgin’s milk, from which all metals suck and take their food, for they become alive from it and receive their nourishment from it.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that metals suck nourishment, grow, multiply, and become alive from mercury.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51db1f23ccdcced308bff?page=166","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1586,"wd":"1573–1598, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1573,"wt":1598},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1598,"ye":null,"t":"Pandora: The Noblest Gift of God","a":"Reusner, Hieronymus","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"god-divine","q":"It comes, without doubt, from the fact that both the iron and the <term>Adamant</term> are born and grow in the earth by the command and order of God through the influence of this star.","why":"The text explicitly asserts that both iron and the lodestone are born and grow in the earth.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51db1f23ccdcced308bff?page=218","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1586,"wd":"1573–1598, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1573,"wt":1598},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1618,"ye":null,"t":"The Wayfarer","a":"Maier, Michael","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"Therefore, no reason is apparent why gold, already frozen within or outside the bowels of the earth, should be said to vegetate, increase, or propagate itself, since it has no other seed except","why":"The passage explicitly argues that metals lack generative or nutritive faculties and do not vegetate, operating instead via elemental motion.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51d8cff09e4fe943a6f1d?page=123","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1601,"wd":"1583–1618, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1583,"wt":1618},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1760,"ye":null,"t":"Nature Uncovered: Trudon du Tilleul, 18th-Century MS","a":"Pierre Trudon du Tilleul","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"sun-stars","q":"This Inferior Heaven acts in some way Spiritually through a Vital virtue, which the philosophers call Natural heat, or the Microcosmic Sun, which is Nourished by the Superior Sun, just as our Moon is nourished by the Celestial Moon.","why":"The text describes a corporeal Universal spirit operating through a vital virtue or natural heat animating matter and the microcosm.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4191f2b0edf3eaa2ded29?page=32","fm":false,"d":"vital_breath","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1755,"wd":"c. 1750–1760","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1750,"wt":1760},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1551,"ye":null,"t":"Occult Philosophy","a":"Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The world is a rational, immortal animal; man is likewise a rational animal, but mortal—that is, dissoluble.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the world is a rational, immortal animal.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e16cf111105c4296b94?page=333","fm":false,"d":"building_body","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1518,"wd":"1501–1535, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1501,"wt":1535},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1655,"ye":null,"t":"Magia, ofte de wonderlijcke, seer lustighe, ende vermaeckelijcke wercken der naturen","a":"Porta, Giovanni Battista della","lg":"Dutch","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"wherefore it is said by <term>Anaxagoras</term> to be alive.","why":"The text explicitly notes Anaxagoras's claim that the lodestone (a stone) is alive due to its attraction of iron.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c809586c6f3cc53c8460c7?page=220","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1583,"wd":"1550–1615, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1550,"wt":1615},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1873,"ye":null,"t":"Pythagoras and Pythagorean Philosophy","a":"A.-Ed. Chaignet","lg":"French/Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"he conceives the world as an animated and living being","why":"The text explicitly states Speusippus conceives the world as an animated and living being with a world soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955770857e3b773024f2e57?page=694","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1873,"wd":"1873","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1873,"wt":1873},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas","a":"Machado de Assis","lg":"Portuguese","tr":"other","c":"self","s":"not-stated","q":"Nothing less than a rebirth.","why":"The narrator describes his internal sensation upon returning to his childhood home as 'nothing less than a rebirth'.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7929d80b52390feb1682e?page=61","fm":false,"d":"vividness","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1867,"wd":"1854–1880, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1854,"wt":1880},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1664,"ye":null,"t":"The Principles of Cartesian Philosophy","a":"Baruch Spinoza; Pieter Balling","lg":"Dutch","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"not-stated","q":"for regarding the three souls which they ascribe to plants, animals, and humans, they are nothing but fabrications, appearing from this, that we have now already proven that there are nothing but mechanical compositions and operations in matter","why":"The text explicitly asserts that ascribed vegetative and animal souls are fabrications because there are nothing but mechanical compositions and operations in matter.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1caf7a282e3475aab4081?page=161","fm":false,"d":"numbness","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1656,"wd":"1647–1664, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1647,"wt":1664},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus Diadochus","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"In all these things, he housed the soul within the whole and made everything live.","why":"The text explicitly states that the soul was housed within the whole and made everything live.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69557474f63a7571091734e4?page=469","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":-2000,"ye":null,"t":"Enki and Ninḫursaĝa","a":"Anonymous Sumerian","lg":"Sumerian","tr":"mesopotamian","c":"plant","s":"god-divine","q":"Enki determined the destiny of the plants, had them know it in their hearts.","why":"Plants are explicitly described as possessing hearts and knowing their decreed destiny.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69afd3fcf6ab0e0de59ae807?page=35","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":-1900,"wd":"c. 2100–1700 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-2100,"wt":-1700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"Poetry and Experience","a":"Wilhelm Dilthey","lg":"German","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"Nature was for him an all-living thing; it was a power to shape, just as he experienced it within himself as creative imagination.","why":"The text explicitly states that Nature was an all-living thing and a creative shaping power.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aebb7a6e076d07213e85fd?page=242","fm":false,"d":"wakefulness","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1878,"wd":"1848–1907, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1848,"wt":1907},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1873,"ye":null,"t":"Pythagoras and Pythagorean Philosophy","a":"A.-Ed. Chaignet","lg":"French/Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"By giving to every being and to the world itself a soul, which spreads into everything and spreads with it measure, number, and harmony, the ancient Pythagoreans were already leading to this principle, which places perfection above quantity and","why":"The text explicitly states that the ancient Pythagoreans gave a soul to the world itself.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955770857e3b773024f2e57?page=700","fm":false,"d":"animated_image","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1873,"wd":"1873","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1873,"wt":1873},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1820,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus Diadochus","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"proportion-number","q":"Since it contains the principles of every mathematical proportion and every harmony, being the Soul of the World, no proportion has been omitted.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the 'Soul of the World', stating outright that the cosmos is ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69557474f63a7571091734e4?page=660","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":null,"t":"Flamel, Book of Hieroglyphic Figures & Abraham le Juif","a":"Nicolas Flamel","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"plant","s":"breath-spirit","q":"I can certainly further say that it is a plant above plants, since it contains within itself more <term>Spirit</term> <gloss>the vital or volatile principle in alchemy</gloss> that is germinative, nutritive, and augmentative than all the herbs and plants in the world.","why":"The stone is claimed to contain a germinative, nutritive, and augmentative animating spirit.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b418f02b0edf3eaa2de597?page=256","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1612,"wd":"1612","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1612,"wt":1612},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Works, Vol. 9","a":"Vladimir Solovyov","lg":"Russian","tr":"christian-mystical","c":"heavens-stars","s":"soul-form","q":"That which moves by itself, that is, without an external push, necessarily has a soul within it; if, moreover, it moves correctly and purposefully, it is clear that it has a rational soul; therefore, the heavenly luminaries, exhibiting independent and correct movement, are necessarily rational spiritual beings; not to recognize this, Origen considers the \"height of madness.\"","why":"The passage explicitly argues that the heavenly luminaries move independently and purposefully and therefore possess rational souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ade9acbbdf273192a47370?page=252","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1884,"wd":"1868–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1868,"wt":1900},{"l":"felt","p":"alive","y":1861,"ye":null,"t":"Poems of N.A. Nekrasov","a":"Николай Алексеевич Некрасов","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"self","s":"sympathy-love","q":"For life and agitation\nMy heart awoke again in my chest:","why":"The speaker describes from the inside their heart awakening again in their chest for life and agitation, reviving dreams, hopes, and desires after feeling prematurely killed inside.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af119823aa4b6749dc3b70?page=60","fm":false,"d":"quickening","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1849,"wd":"1836–1861, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1836,"wt":1861},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1624,"ye":null,"t":"Lei Jing Tu Yi","a":"張介賓","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"mineral-metal","s":"not-stated","q":"As for the mutual concealment of Metal: it is produced in mountain stones and grows from all earths.","why":"The passage explicitly states that metal grows from all earths.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992ce45749d4e56e0690c46?page=44","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1601,"wd":"1578–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1578,"wt":1624},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1700,"ye":null,"t":"Opera del sapientissimo Ermete Trismegisto (72-Chapter Alchemical Treatise on the Philosopher's Stone)","a":"Hermes Trismegistus (attributed)","lg":"Italian","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"He speaks here of the animation of the Matter, as we have said above, that is, of the apprehension of the Water over its Earth, because it attracts the Soul from the Bodies, and for this reason we wish to abbreviate our work.","why":"The text explicitly describes the 'animation of the Matter' and a soul that vivifies dead physical matter.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69d66582daca889caf927203?page=66","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1500–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1700},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1772,"ye":null,"t":"Nature Unveiled","a":"[Kirchweger, Anton Joseph]","lg":"French","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"breath-spirit","q":"minerals grow from it.","why":"The passage states outright that minerals grow, meeting the criterion for metals or stones growing.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698255e93e158c7e3c9a4f6e?page=276","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1772,"wd":"1772","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1772,"wt":1772},{"l":"made","p":"dead","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Agba Ocie Job-Malakai (Bible portions in Igbo)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Igbo","tr":"christian-biblical","c":"image-statue","s":"breath-spirit","q":"every founder is confounded by the graven image: for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.","why":"The molten image is explicitly stated to have no breath in it, directly calling it without breath/spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e012044e6773d0608558f3?page=606","fm":false,"d":"living_earth","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1906,"wd":"c. 1900–1906","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1900,"wt":1906},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1450,"ye":null,"t":"Troy book","a":"Lydgate, John, 1370?-1451?","lg":"Middle English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Just as if it were alive in existence.","why":"The body is fashioned by craft to appear so lifelike as if it were alive in existence.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3312e876dd827cbc48569?page=477","fm":false,"d":"building_body","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1420,"wd":"c. 1412–1420","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1412,"wt":1420},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1604,"ye":null,"t":"Triumph Wagen antimonii","a":"Basilius Valentinus","lg":"Latin","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"growth-seed","q":"And this is the true natural process through which the metals and minerals of the water and the earth proceed and are born.","why":"The text explicitly describes metals as having seed, ripening, and being born through natural generation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c831db6c6f3cc53c84ddef?page=574","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1604,"wd":"c. 1600–1604","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1600,"wt":1604},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"The Book of Kings","a":"Ferdowsi (trans. Warner & Warner)","lg":"English","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"image-statue","s":"maker-craft","q":"Anyone who looked at her from a distance thought she was a bright, lovelorn woman.","why":"The crafted automaton image is described as so lifelike that onlookers mistook it for an actual woman.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e534acd48480a386966bd8?page=307","fm":false,"d":"maker_spirit","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":988,"wd":"955–1020, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":955,"wt":1020},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1699,"ye":null,"t":"A New Light of Medicine","a":"Polemann, Joachim","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"mineral-metal","s":"soul-form","q":"Indeed, herein lies the entirety of growth <note>original: Wachsthum; refers to the alchemical belief that metals and minerals \"grow\" in the earth like plants</note> that occurs in Nature, which it is not my intention to elaborate further upon here; rather, I must only point to it as if with a finger, concerning the opportunity of our natural dissolution <term>solution</term> <note>the process of liquefying a solid to release its internal essence</note> of the soul <note>original: animæ</note> from copper.","why":"The passage explicitly states that copper has a soul (anima) that can be dissolved.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698420e337b21343da6f63b6?page=126","fm":false,"d":"sympathy","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1659,"wd":"1639–1679, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1639,"wt":1679},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1365,"ye":null,"t":"Kakawin Sutasoma (Old Javanese Buddhist epic)","a":"Mpu Tantular","lg":"Old Javanese","tr":"hindu","c":"body","s":"god-divine","q":"Many who witnessed this felt as though they had already died in body, wishing they had instead perished alongside their beloved husbands.","why":"The text explicitly describes witnesses feeling as though they had already died in body while still living.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e01110c47b5c9f882143be?page=294","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1375,"wd":"c. 1350–1389","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1350,"wt":1389},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1671,"ye":null,"t":"حي بن يقظان / Philosophus Autodidactus","a":"Ibn Tufayl","lg":"Arabic","tr":"islamic-sufi","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"These two actions are common to plants and animals, and they are inevitably derived from a common form, which is what is expressed as the vegetative soul.","why":"The passage explicitly states that plants (along with animals) derive their actions from a vegetative soul.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7934280b52390feb18445?page=113","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1155,"wd":"1125–1185, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1125,"wt":1185},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1705,"ye":null,"t":"The Open Chest of the Most Artful Secret","a":"[Grasshoff, Johann]","lg":"Latin-German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"growth-seed","q":"☞ Regarding this, you should be informed that Nature has her passages and her veins in the earth, which drink, lick, drip, and yield salty, clear, and murky waters—as can be seen in mines <note>original: Bergwercken</note>, where sharp, salty waters are always dripping.","why":"The text explicitly states that Nature has veins in the earth which drink and lick, matching the criterion of earth having veins.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6970e3879b09d309d780a2e2?page=48","fm":false,"d":"living_minerals","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1570,"wd":"1516–1623, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1623},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"The Occult Significance of Blood","a":"Rudolf Steiner","lg":"German-English","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"The sentient life of an elementary creature is thus an image of the life of the universe, just as the crystal is an image of its form.","why":"The text explicitly posits 'the life of the universe' as the macrocosmic reality mirrored by the sentient life of elementary creatures.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e36777f38f6761becb94?page=30","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1894,"wd":"1876–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1912},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus, Vol. II","a":"Proclus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"It could be established that the world is a living being from sympathy, that it is ensouled from everlasting motion, and that it is endowed with mind from good order; for if the things here sympathize with the heavenly ones and are turned along with them in every way, and the heavenly ones give off effluences to the mortal ones, the whole is one living being, held together by one life.","why":"The passage explicitly argues and states that the world is one living being held together by one life and is ensouled.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aff9c81ae4bb9c7a0fe8fd?page=539","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur","a":"James A. Montgomery","lg":"Aramaic","tr":"mesopotamian","c":"image-statue","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"Under this category, there is one interesting type: demons that are considered the spirits of pagan shrines and statues <note>original: \"simulacra\"</note>, and are thought to haunt those locations.²¹","why":"Pagan shrines and statues are explicitly described as having spirits and being haunted or inhabited by demons.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953af0577f38f6761bd92a5?page=80","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":500,"wd":"c. 5th-7th century CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":400,"wt":700},{"l":"felt","p":"dead","y":1855,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Pushkin, Vol. 4","a":"Александр Сергеевич Пушкин","lg":"Russian","tr":"other","c":"soul-mind","s":"not-stated","q":"Brings boredom and languor\nTo a soul long since dead,","why":"The speaker describes from the inside a state of melancholy torpor where spring brings only boredom and languor to a soul felt as dead.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af1096d5d111f99e41bbbd?page=155","fm":false,"d":"torpor","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1826,"wd":"1814–1837, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1814,"wt":1837},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1659,"ye":null,"t":"Daybreak, or the New Rise of the Art of Medicine","a":"Jan Baptist van Helmont","lg":"Dutch","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"breath-spirit","q":"There is no other means to see and know the inward constructs in the <term>Archeus</term> <gloss>the inner vital spirit</gloss> of all things, with all properties to our <term>Archeum</term> <gloss>the inner vital spirit</gloss>, their otherness and defects, than through the grace of God, because we have become flesh through sin.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts an Archeus (inner vital spirit) in all things that governs their inward constructs.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1864cc4be2cdd0edc5cf6?page=229","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1618,"wd":"1592–1644, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1592,"wt":1644},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1571,"ye":null,"t":"On the Animation of the Heavens","a":"Espence, Claude d'","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"god-divine","q":"When God was good, he made this world one, unique, perfect, absolute, animated, and a participant in reason, for these are more excellent than what is inanimate and lacks reason.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that God made the world animated with a soul and reason rather than inanimate.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e40cf111105c42992e9?page=110","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1568,"wd":"c. 1565–1571","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1565,"wt":1571},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1660,"ye":null,"t":"The History of Philosophy, Vol. III (Pythagoras, Italick School, Chaldean)","a":"Thomas Stanley","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"heavens-stars","s":"not-stated","q":"Only the most impossible thing seems to be what some assert, that the stars are animate, or so many animals, and moreover, so many gods.","why":"The text explicitly denies that the stars or the Earth are animate or animals, arguing instead that their motions arise from physical necessity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6991d8a58c1030b12444c22f?page=465","fm":false,"d":"living_heavens","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1660,"wd":"1655-1662","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1655,"wt":1662},{"l":"made","p":"alive","y":1930,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rtsa skyongs kyi man ngag","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"place","s":"spirit-of-place","q":"<term>Be'u-na</term> residing in the foundations of the castle, and the youthful <term>earth-lord</term> residing in the inner courtyard, and the <term>earth-lord</term> <term>Thriten</term> residing in the cemetery, and the hearth deity <term>earth-lord</term> residing in the cooking-tripod, and the blue-robed <term>earth-lord</term> residing at the boundaries, and those residing in the five types of earth,","why":"Crafted places and objects like the castle, courtyard, and cooking-tripod are explicitly described as inhabited by deities or spirits.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f506cebc5889332213e?page=35","fm":false,"d":"genius_loci","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1880,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"world","p":"dead","y":1731,"ye":null,"t":"Cosmologia Generalis","a":"Christian Wolff","lg":"Latin","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"maker-craft","q":"The world can be compared to an automaton clock, in that it subsists with it under a certain common genus; insofar as we form a certain general notion of a machine (§. 65), applicable no less to the world (§. 73) than to an automaton clock (§. 1218 Log.).","why":"The passage explicitly argues that the world falls under the general notion of a machine and functions like an automaton clock.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aec5d03b6ebce5e0ee9318?page=126","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1713,"wd":"1694–1731, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1694,"wt":1731},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1847,"ye":null,"t":"Proclus: Commentary on Plato's Timaeus","a":"Proclus Diadochus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth","s":"soul-form","q":"But if one must say what is most true regarding it, it is a living being composed of a divine soul and a living body; therefore, it is a whole living being, as Plato says.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Earth is a living being composed of a divine soul and a living body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69942ffcbb14908bbd9a1123?page=686","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":456,"wd":"427–485, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":427,"wt":485},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1712,"ye":null,"t":"Sancta veritas hermetica, seu concordantia philosophorum, consistens in sale et sole vel mercurio et sulphure,","a":"Naxagoras, Ehrd de","lg":"German","tr":"hermetic-alchemical","c":"earth","s":"sun-stars","q":"The sidereal gives the imagination, so that the earth is suited for conception and becomes pregnant; the elements nourish and feed such fruit and bring","why":"The passage describes metals being generated from seed and the earth undergoing conception and pregnancy.","fp":true,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bda02cf6d63c9197485097?page=619","fm":false,"d":"plant_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1710,"wd":"c. 1700–1712","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1712},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1668,"ye":null,"t":"Experiments on the Generation of Insects","a":"Francesco Redi","lg":"Italian","tr":"natural-philosophy","c":"plant","s":"soul-form","q":"Anaxagoras and Empedocles say that these are moved by desire, and they assert that they perceive, feel pain, and take pleasure.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that plants perceive, feel pain, and take pleasure.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1ddc6a0e06b2a2695119a?page=151","fm":false,"d":"dead_matter","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":1655,"wd":"1641–1668, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1641,"wt":1668},{"l":"world","p":"alive","y":1593,"ye":null,"t":"Diogenous Laertiou Peri biōn, dogmatōn kai apophthegmatōn tōn en philosophia eudokimēsantōn biblia 10","a":"Diogène Laërce","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cosmos-whole","s":"soul-form","q":"That the world is an animal, and rational, and ensouled, and intelligible, Chrysippus also discusses in the first book On Providence, and Apollodorus in his Physics, and Posidonius.","why":"The passage explicitly asserts that the world is an animal and ensouled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6684cb3f4fc0441568c7e?page=550","fm":false,"d":"world_soul","ln":"embedding","ph":null,"yw":201,"wd":"101–300, the author's working years","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":101,"wt":300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Bi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The King of Land-spirits is the Black Hala.","why":"The passage identifies the King of Land-spirits (sa bdag / land-spirit) as the Black Hala / Belly-Crawler Lord of Death tied to the earth and directions, prescribing ritual entrustment and taboos against digging into his","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787134a6785cfd60ca8b9?page=47","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Bi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"If placed in a Naga abode, the Nagas will be crushed to dust.","why":"The text describes a ritual practice where placing a subjugating wheel inside a 'Naga abode' crushes the resident Nagas, recognizing water/chthonic spirits tied to specific dwellings/abodes that can be interacted with or","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787134a6785cfd60ca8b9?page=296","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Bi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"For the Earth-Lord of the fierce <term>Gnyan</term> enclosure, make a square mandala the size of an arrow.","why":"The passage explicitly describes ritual offerings (a square mandala sprinkled with medicine and milk) for the Earth-Lord of the fierce gnyan enclosure, directly presenting a lord of the soil/earth spirit tied to the land","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787134a6785cfd60ca8b9?page=398","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཀ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 2)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"These places include a \"lone tree\" where non-human spirits dwell; the \"house of the Mamo\" which refers to where Yakshinis <gloss>female nature spirits</gloss> and Dakinis <gloss>flesh-eating spirits</gloss> reside; and \"secluded places\" or the \"edge of the wilderness\" where other non-human spirits gather, far from wild or rowdy people.","why":"The text describes a practitioner residing at a lone tree or secluded wilderness dwelling inhabited by non-human spirits, offering them ritual cakes (tormas) three times a day, and directly addressing them to request the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe82fa433559215a997a85?page=95","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":950,"wd":"c. 900–1000, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":900,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། མདོ་སྡེ། ངི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 113)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"O Son of the Victorious One, it is like this: for example, the great king of mountains, Yugandhara <note>original: gnya' shing 'dzin</note>, consists entirely of precious substances and is the source of <term>Yakshas</term> <gloss>nature spirits</gloss> of great miraculous power...","why":"The text describes the mountain Yugandhara as the source/dwelling of Yakshas (nature spirits), treating this mountain in Buddhist cosmology as the domain and home of these beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abeb583896ea18127c84e6f?page=521","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":700,"wd":"c. 600–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":600,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ki","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"While he exerts himself in this way, the <term>Yakshas</term> <gloss>nature spirits</gloss> of the earth see that the majority of the Mara’s fetters have been diminished; they rejoice","why":"The text explicitly depicts the 'Yakshas of the earth' as earth-dwelling spirits who observe a practicing Buddhist monk's spiritual progress and rejoice, presenting the earth as the dwelling of localized spirits who stan","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abc45f1a22ab19a9db77?page=92","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":350,"wd":"c. 200–500, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur rGyud Na","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"At that time, a tree deity showed half of its body and said: \"Excellent, excellent! Son of the Family, because you possess the true purpose, you are known as Water-Flow because you provide water out of love for these fish.\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes a tree deity/goddess who manifests half of her body from the tree and enters into direct dialogue with Water-Flow.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abdd5f1a22ab19a9fade?page=179","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":500,"wd":"c. 200–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur rGyud Na","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Those like a collection of meteors cause fear; having emanated as foxes and dogs, they dwell in the places of trees and stupas.","why":"The text describes elemental spirits/yakshas taking animal forms (foxes and dogs) and explicitly dwelling in trees and stupas, presenting trees as the homes/dwellings of spirits tied to them within an insider ritual/dhār","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abdd5f1a22ab19a9fade?page=493","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":500,"wd":"c. 200–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1708,"ye":"colophon","t":"Thor bu Bla ma nor rgyam chos skor","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"From the direction of the land where the four activities <note>pacifying, increasing, magnetizing, and destroying</note> are accomplished, find the belly of the <term>sa-dak</term> <gloss>land spirit</gloss> lying in the earth.","why":"The text describes a ritual site selection where the sa-dak (land spirit / lord of the soil) is conceived as lying in the earth, and the practitioner interacts with it by finding its belly to dig the earth, tame the land","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e17d311a9edd46221b35?page=98","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":1486,"wd":"c. 1450–1521","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1450,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ci","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"At that time, when the Brahmin brandished his sword and prepared to strike, the deity of the tree became very displeased.","why":"The passage explicitly presents a tree deity tied to a particular tree who acts intentionally, physically intervenes, listens to the king's plea, and relents, entering into direct communication with humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abca5f1a22ab19a9e1ec?page=105","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":300,"wd":"c. 100–500, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"De Javaansche geestenwereld en de betrekking, die tusschen de geesten en de zinnelijke wereld bestaat,  deel 1","a":"H. A. van Hien","lg":"Dutch","tr":"javanese-hindu","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"DIJAOES, the heaven, which the Javanese consider to be an ensouled being.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the Javanese regard Dyaus (the sky/heaven) as an ensouled being, and describes it as the dwelling place of the gods and upright souls.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1d6b184808313bd55d138b?page=55","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":1913,"wd":"c. 1892–1913","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1892,"wt":1913},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Genealogy of Hari","a":"Manmatha Nath Dutt","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The voice originating from the mountain replied to them: \"If you have compassion for your cattle <note>original: \"kine\"; an archaic term for cows</note>, devote yourselves to my worship from this day forward (27).","why":"The passage explicitly presents the mountain as an embodied deity or spirit ('in the form of a mountain spirit', 'the voice originating from the mountain', 'the incarnate god of the hill') with whom the cowherds communic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5533ebab4924e15759647?page=256","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":300,"wd":"c. 200–400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":200,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཀུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 62)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Bind the tree deity!","why":"The ritual dharani explicitly commands the binding of the tree deity (vriksha deva), addressing a spirit tied to trees as a personal entity within an apotropaic tantric rite.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abea1d86a920ffd924db084?page=526","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1050,"wd":"c. 1000–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1000,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"From the lowly water region of the Eastern Ocean at the East Pūrvavideha Continent, the small dragon subject, Aoguang, humbly informs the Wise Lord of Heaven, the Most Eminent High God and Ruler, that a bogus immortal, Sun Wukong, born of the Flower-Fruit Mountain and resident of the Water-Curtain","why":"The passage depicts Aoguang, the Dragon King of the Eastern Ocean, as a personal ruler/spirit dwelling in and tied to the water region of the Eastern Ocean, acting within a mythological narrative.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=50","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1840,"ye":null,"t":"The Vishnu Purana","a":"Vyasa (trad.); H.H. Wilson (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"At that time, Earth, overburdened by her load, repaired to mount Meru <gloss>the cosmic mountain</gloss> to an assembly of the gods, and addressing the divinities, with Brahmá <gloss>the Creator</gloss> at their head, related in piteous accents all her distress.","why":"The text explicitly presents Earth as a person who experiences distress from her burden, travels to Mount Meru, and directly addresses the assembly of gods in speech.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ef253a85daccce30f2b53f?page=592","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":400,"wd":"c. 300–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":300,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"He dashed back to the Water Crystal Palace and hastily reported to the Dragon King, shouting, “Disaster! Disaster!”","why":"The passage depicts the Jing River as inhabited by sentient water spirits and beings—including a patrolling yakṣa, the Dragon King residing in his underwater Water Crystal Palace, and court-minister fish/crabs—who rule o","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=133","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"He is the Water God of this stream.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the old fisherman who ferries the pilgrims across Eagle Grief Stream as the Water God of that specific body of water, depicted in accordance with mythological narrative convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=211","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Dear Great Sage! He recited a spell himself and summoned the local spirit and the mountain god, saying to them, “This monster made fun of my master three times. This time I’m going to make sure I’ll kill her, but you must stand guard in the air. Don’t let her get away.”","why":"The passage depicts Sun Wukong summoning and commanding the local earth spirit (tudi) and the mountain god (shanshen), distinct spirits tied to the locality and mountain who interact directly with him and stand guard.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=363","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Only then did the mountain god and the local spirit become frightened; they said, “We really didn’t know. All we heard was the spell for moving mountains recited by the demon and we transferred the mountains here.","why":"The passage explicitly presents a mountain god and a local spirit (earth/soil deity) as sentient beings tied to the place and mountains, capable of speech, fear, and social/hierarchical relations.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=436","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"How could they be so arrogant as to make the mountain god and the local spirit their servants, forcing them to take turns to be on duty?","why":"The passage depicts a mountain god and a local earth spirit (tudi) as distinct beings tied to the place who converse with Pilgrim and were forced into servitude by demons, matching the criteria of spirits tied to a natur","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=437","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"“The Great Sage is rather impetuous,” said the local spirit, “and this humble deity dares not confront you directly.","why":"The passage depicts a local spirit (lord of the soil) and a mountain god as beings tied to the locality who converse with and take instructions from Sun Wukong within a mythological narrative.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=665","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"I am the local spirit of the Mountain of Flames.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the Mountain of Flames as having a resident local spirit tied to the place ('I am the local spirit of the Mountain of Flames') who interacts directly with the travelers.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=784","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"“Local spirit,” said the Bull King, “you’re completely unreasonable! That wretched ape robbed me of my son, insulted my concubine, and deceived my wife.","why":"The passage depicts a local spirit (earth god / lord of the soil) tied to the locality and mountain who actively converses with and opposes the Bull Demon King.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=801","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"He said to the local spirit of the Mountain of Flames, “May I inquire of the honorable deity, how powerful is that Bull Demon King?”","why":"The passage explicitly features the 'local spirit of the Mountain of Flames,' a tutelary deity tied to that specific mountain who converses with Xuanzang and guides Zhu Bajie.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=800","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"We were also indebted to the assistance of the dragon king, who sent his son to help us with his troops.","why":"The passage depicts the Great Western Ocean as inhabited by the dragon king, a place-tied ruler of the sea who interacts with the protagonists and dispatches his son and troops to assist them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=1223","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Not until I questioned the local spirit of the region did I find out that the Celestial Worthy happens to be his master.","why":"The passage explicitly features a local earth/territorial spirit tied to the region and Bamboo-Knot Mountain ('local spirit of the region' / 'local spirit of the mountain'), who is questioned and provides information to ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=1193","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Vishnu Purana","a":"H.H. Wilson (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Then the Earth, overcome with apprehension, and trembling in every limb, respectfully saluted the king, and thus spake: \"All undertakings are successful, if suitable means of effecting them are employed.","why":"The Earth is explicitly presented as a person who experiences apprehension, trembles in every limb, respectfully salutes and speaks to King Prithu, negotiating with him and entering into a direct relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a087f01b2a99026ccf70938?page=206","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":400,"wd":"c. 300–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":300,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"Elfin music: an anthology of English fairy poetry","a":"Unknown","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"The first class includes such inhabitants of grove and forest as the lovely Korrigan of Brittany, the Moss Folk of Germany, and the Elves proper of English traditional poetry.","why":"The passage describes hierarchies of fairy spirits believed to be in contact with humanity, identifying groves and forests as the dwelling places of spirits like the Korrigan, Moss Folk, and Elves, reported from an ethno","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c898306c6f3cc53c85ca46","fm":true,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":1888,"wd":"1888","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1888,"wt":1888},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur rGyud Tsha","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Trees belonging to the yakshas <gloss>nature spirits</gloss>, or trees that have leaves and are mixed with milk, or fresh twigs grown from the tips of the sacrificial wood, or honey, or butter are also suitable.","why":"The ritual passage explicitly mentions 'trees belonging to the yakshas' (nature spirits) as suitable ritual substances, presenting trees as the property or dwelling of localized spirits tied to them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abec5f1a22ab19aa0707?page=741","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":475,"wd":"c. 200–750, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":750},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཙ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 18)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"At the tree in the west are nagas <gloss>serpent spirits</gloss>.","why":"The passage describes the ritual depiction of the charnel grounds, explicitly situating nagas (serpent spirits) at the tree in the west as spirits dwelling at that specific tree.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe8add6a920ffd924d507a?page=258","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":1050,"wd":"c. 1000–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1000,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Epic Mythology","a":"Edward Washburn Hopkins","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"In short, every place has its spirit of the place <note>original: genius loci</note>, whether it is a grove, mountain, stream, village, or house.","why":"The passage by scholar E. W. Hopkins examines the Sanskrit epics and explicitly summarizes that every place (such as a grove, mountain, stream, village, or house) possesses its own local spirit or dwelling deity (genius ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553140aade5c1d01fedaf?page=63","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1894,"wd":"1872–1915, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1915},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Epic Mythology","a":"Edward Washburn Hopkins","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"Gomati, a river, 28; she marries Vishvabhuj, 101.","why":"The index entry explicitly identifies the Gomati river as a female person who enters into marriage ('she marries Vishvabhuj').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553140aade5c1d01fedaf?page=250","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1894,"wd":"1872–1915, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1915},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1775,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur Shes rab sna tshogs","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Thinking \"Is this the tree deity?\", she approached the place of sight, bowing repeatedly.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Sujata going to the foot of a specific Nyagrodha (Banyan) tree with an offering of milk-gruel, believing the Bodhisattva seated there to be the 'tree deity' (rukkhadevatā), reflecting the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab465f1a22ab19a95c5b?page=344","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":150,"wd":"c. 100–200, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Veda","a":"Hermann Oldenberg","lg":"German","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"In a lotus pond, the Apsaras Urvaśī swims around with her companions when her abandoned husband Purūravas finds her again: a poet of the Rigveda prays to \"Urvaśī together with the rivers\" (Rigveda V, 41, 19).","why":"The passage quotes Vedic literature and reports ancient Indian belief where water nymphs (Apsaras, specifically Urvaśī) inhabit a lotus pond/rivers, swimming in the pond where Purūravas finds her, and being addressed in ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c815f855ec553e75cd5?page=268","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of nature","yw":1882,"wd":"1869–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Veda","a":"Hermann Oldenberg","lg":"German","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"the pious are advised to offer gifts “in the name of those who died earlier or the deities dwelling in the place","why":"The passage reports a Buddhist text advising pious gifts to be offered to 'the deities dwelling in the place' (vatthudevatā), describing local dwelling spirits tied to a place with whom people maintain a reciprocal ritua","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c815f855ec553e75cd5?page=80","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1882,"wd":"1869–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Veda","a":"Hermann Oldenberg","lg":"German","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"To humans, tree deities are generally friendly, provided they are not provoked.","why":"The text explicitly describes tree deities that inhabit and animate individual trees, noting that people pray to them, offer them vows, circumambulate the tree, and present gifts, showing trees treated as the dwelling of","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c815f855ec553e75cd5?page=278","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1882,"wd":"1869–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཀུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 62)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To the spirits who dwell upon Mount Meru,\nIn the Joyful Groves <note>original: \"Nandanavana\", a garden in the heaven of Indra</note>, and the abodes of the gods;","why":"The ritual text explicitly directs practitioners to address and offer tormas, garlands, and scents to spirits dwelling upon Mount Meru and in the Joyful Groves, establishing a ritual relationship with spirits localized t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abea1d86a920ffd924db084?page=203","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"nature spirits","yw":1050,"wd":"c. 1000–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1000,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Veda","a":"Hermann Oldenberg","lg":"German","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"the Buddhist story of the sacrifice of captured kings to a tree deity","why":"The text reports an ancient Buddhist legend of sacrificing captured kings to a tree deity, presenting a tree as the dwelling of a localized deity with whom humans enter into ritual relations.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c815f855ec553e75cd5?page=383","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1882,"wd":"1869–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Hymns of the Rigveda, Translated with a Popular Commentary, Vol. 1","a":"Ralph T.H. Griffith (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Ours be the Parvatas <gloss>Mountain Spirits</gloss>, even they, for offspring, free-moving, who are Heroes like the Vasus.","why":"The passage and its commentary address the Parvatas (mountains/mountain spirits) as personal beings ('Heroes like the Vasus') invoked to grant offspring, representing spirits presiding over mountains with whom the worshi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee89064501bec8965463cf?page=516","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of nature","yw":1869,"wd":"1841–1896, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1841,"wt":1896},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Hymns of the Rigveda, Translated with a Popular Commentary, Vol. 1","a":"Ralph T.H. Griffith (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"May mighty Heaven and Earth, most meet for honour, be present here with light and gleaming splendours;","why":"The hymn addresses Heaven and Earth (the sky and the earth) directly as divine persons and goddesses, invoking their presence and revering them in a sacrificial relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee89064501bec8965463cf?page=472","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1869,"wd":"1841–1896, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1841,"wt":1896},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1924,"ye":null,"t":"The Folklore of Bombay","a":"R.E. Enthoven","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"When a bachelor desires to marry a widow, it is usual to marry him first to a tree, usually the Rui (Calotropis gigantea) or Shami (Prosopis spicigera)—both, it may be noted, frequently regarded as totems.","why":"The passage ethnographically reports a ritual practice where a tree (Rui or Shami) is married to a man as a 'tree-bride' and possesses a spirit ('the spirit of the tree-bride') that serves as a spirit wife, explicitly tr","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c415f855ec553e72b1a?page=19","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1924,"wd":"1924","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1924,"wt":1924},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1924,"ye":null,"t":"The Folklore of Bombay","a":"R.E. Enthoven","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"field-crop","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"There, he worships the guardian deity of the field and buries the balls of rice underground.","why":"The passage documents an ethnographic rite in which a farmer worships and makes offerings to the 'guardian deity of the field', presenting the agricultural field as inhabited by a place-bound spirit with whom humans esta","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c415f855ec553e72b1a?page=339","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":1924,"wd":"1924","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1924,"wt":1924},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria","a":"Morris Jastrow","lg":"English","tr":"babylonian","c":"field-crop","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"To them the ground belonged, and upon their mercy depended the success or failure of the produce.","why":"The passage reports the ancient Babylonian belief that fields and soil are inhabited by guardian spirits who own the ground and with whom farmers must establish a relation by seeking their favor and protection.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e63bfcd932f2d58adbdf0f?page=68","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1887,"wd":"1876–1898, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1898},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百十一~卷一百十三 (vol 138)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"In dried-up marshes that are hundreds of years old, where the valleys do not shift and the water is never exhausted, there lives the Qingji","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Qingji, an anthropomorphic spirit/essence wearing clothes and riding a horse, dwells in aged dried-up marshes and can be commanded by humans who call it by its name.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c662a39b4508b04e3285e?page=4","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria","a":"Morris Jastrow","lg":"English","tr":"babylonian-assyrian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Ekur is one of the names for the earth, but it is applied more particularly to that part of the mountain—also known as Kharsag-kurkura (the \"mountain of all lands\")—where the gods were born.","why":"The passage states that the mountain Kharsag-kurkura (also called Ekur) was regarded as the place where the gods were born and where they were supposed to dwell before later speculative views moved them to heaven; Jastro","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e63bfcd932f2d58adbdf0f?page=578","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":1887,"wd":"1876–1898, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1898},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百十一~卷一百十三 (vol 138)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Hui used the elm whip he was holding to pray to the mountain god with a blue sheep.","why":"The passage from the Commentary on the Water Classic directly describes Liang Hui stopping at a particular mountain and praying to the mountain god (shan shen) with a blue sheep, presenting the mountain as the dwelling o","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c662a39b4508b04e3285e?page=133","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百十一~卷一百十三 (vol 138)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"If I win against the Grove, the Grove shall lend me its divinity for three days.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a legend of a youth gambling with the Grove spirit, treating the grove as a conscious entity with its own divinity that can enter into a wager and reciprocal relationship with a human.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c662a39b4508b04e3285e?page=12","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa dGongs 'dus Kha","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Offer vast sacrificial cakes and golden libations <term>Serkyem</term> <gloss>libation of tea or alcohol offered to protectors</gloss> to the Dharma Protectors, local deities, and lords of the soil, and perform a fierce entrustment of the task.","why":"The text instructs practitioners to offer ritual cakes and libations to local deities and lords of the soil and entrust them with tasks, directly presenting beings tied to the land and locality as persons with whom peopl","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac715f1a22ab19aa7a8e?page=42","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1370,"wd":"c. 1350–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1350,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1924,"ye":null,"t":"The Folklore of Bombay","a":"R.E. Enthoven","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"field-crop","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Therefore, in the Deccan, it is customary to invoke jackals at dusk, offering them red powder and turmeric before beginning to measure the grain.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic ritual practice in the Deccan of invoking jackals, offering them red powder and turmeric, and worshipping them, thereby treating the animal as a person/being with whom people enter in","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c415f855ec553e72b1a?page=219","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1924,"wd":"1924","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1924,"wt":1924},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Dregs pa kun 'dus kyi skor","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"This very substance of Dharma, possessing the five desirable qualities, is offered to the gods residing in this very region, country, and place—","why":"The text presents a ritual offering made directly to local deities residing in the specific region, country, and place, treating them as localized spirits with whom the practitioners establish an interactive relationship","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e761cbcc48e59ad74f19d5?page=115","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1400,"wd":"c. 1300–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Indian Serpent-Lore, or the Nagas in Hindu Legend and Art","a":"J. Ph. Vogel","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Very common, on the contrary, is the popular conception that the Nāgas inhabit lakes, pools, rivers, and springs.","why":"The author, an outside scholar surveying Indian folklore and legend, explicitly notes the widespread belief that Nāgas dwell in lakes, pools, rivers, and springs as persons/spirits tied to those waters, capable of enteri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a17db8b55d19ec68f58?page=55","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1906,"wd":"1886–1926, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1886,"wt":1926},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Indian Serpent-Lore, or the Nagas in Hindu Legend and Art","a":"J. Ph. Vogel","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"Perhaps it was he who originally was conceived as the spirit of the mountain.","why":"The passage discusses Buddhist jātaka narratives featuring place-dwelling beings with whom humans interact, specifically noting 'the deity that dwelt in the hill' (mountain spirit) and the Nāgarāja conceived as the spiri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a17db8b55d19ec68f58?page=190","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1906,"wd":"1886–1926, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1886,"wt":1926},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Indian Serpent-Lore, or the Nagas in Hindu Legend and Art","a":"J. Ph. Vogel","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Now that lake was the abode of Chanda, the Nāga king, who, being angry at this fouling of the water, resolved to take vengeance on the birds and burn them out.","why":"The passage explicitly presents the lake as the dwelling of Chanda, the Nāga king, a serpent spirit tied to that specific body of water who is angered when it is fouled and actively defends it. The text is an outsider sc","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a17db8b55d19ec68f58?page=176","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":1906,"wd":"1886–1926, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1886,"wt":1926},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Indian Serpent-Lore, or the Nagas in Hindu Legend and Art","a":"J. Ph. Vogel","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"field-crop","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"As soon as the Brahmin cultivator espies the animal (it is described as one of the hooded species) on the top of the ant-hill, he concludes that it must be the devatā (deity) and guardian of the field, and he begins to worship it, hoping that it will yield him an abundant crop.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a tradition where a snake on an ant-hill is recognized and worshipped as the devatā (deity) and guardian of the field (genius loci) to grant an abundant crop, presented through scholarly/e","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a17db8b55d19ec68f58?page=214","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1906,"wd":"1886–1926, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1886,"wt":1926},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Indian Serpent-Lore, or the Nagas in Hindu Legend and Art","a":"J. Ph. Vogel","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"There, O monkeys, you will behold the earth-carrying serpent, white like the moon and having eyes as wide as lotus-leaves, seated on the top of the mountain and worshipped by all gods—the thousand-headed god Ananta, clad in a dark blue garment.","why":"The passage quotes the Rāmāyaṇa describing the Golden Mountain in the East as the seat/dwelling of the thousand-headed serpent deity Ananta (Śesha), who sits on the top of the mountain and is worshipped by all gods. As a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a17db8b55d19ec68f58?page=260","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":1906,"wd":"1886–1926, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1886,"wt":1926},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"so, too, we may infer that each of the local deities of the land owes the belief in its existence to some fatal accident which has taken place at the spot where the spirit is now believed to reside.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic belief that local deities or spirits of the land and sea reside at specific spots where fatal accidents occurred, and that people stand in relation to them through propitiation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=30","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"At the present day, worshippers do not as a rule resort to Bobowissi's hill from a distance, but the people of Winnebah and the neighboring villages still keep up the annual festival; and since human sacrifices are prohibited within the limits of the Gold Coast","why":"The passage reports the religious practices of the southern tribes and the people of Winnebah who resort to 'Bobowissi's hill' and maintain an annual festival to propitiate and worship the deity Bobowissi, treating the h","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=46","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Tando is the god of the river of the same name, which, to the north-west of Coomassie, separates Ashanti from Gaman.","why":"The text explicitly identifies Tando as the god of the Tando River, describing him as a humanoid being who receives sacrifices and interacts with the Ashantis, reported from an ethnographic/outsider perspective.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=48","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Wassaw.—The spirit of the River Ancobra.","why":"The text explicitly describes the spirit of the River Ancobra as a local deity endowed with human shape and size to whom human sacrifices were offered, representing a river spirit tied to a specific body of water.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=83","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The spirit of the River Abu-mehsu, which flows into the sea near the town of Attámbu in Appollonia, is regarded as the wife of Bobowissi, and the local deities of Class 2 are sometimes regarded as her children.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a specific river (the River Abu-mehsu) as possessing a spirit/goddess who is regarded in local belief as the wife of the deity Bobowissi.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=47","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The Djuabins, in taking the image with them, believed that the spirit of the river—the being who possessed the power to do or avert harm—accompanied it, leaving merely the stream of water behind.","why":"The text explicitly describes the deity of Djuabin as a river spirit and river-god tied originally to a stream of water, possessing agency to avert or cause harm and worshipped and propitiated by the local population, re","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=84","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Tando has a wife, Katarwiri, the spirit of the river of the same name.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies Katarwiri as the spirit of the river bearing her name, portrays her as a personal entity with physical traits and temperament, and notes that people enter into relation with her by sacri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=49","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"Each company in a town has its own tree, under which the guardian deity of the company dwells.","why":"The passage ethnographically reports the belief of the Tshi-speaking peoples that each company in a town has its own tree under which the tutelary/guardian deity dwells and to which the tree is sacred.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=98","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1902,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Cult of the Romans","a":"Georg Wissowa","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"if the state venerates only one god of all springs (Fons) and one of all 'rolling' rivers (Volturnus), this does not exclude that one imagines an own deity reigning in every spring, every river, just as on every mountain and in every lake, which the individual can venerate and which the state, if it finds cause to do so, can also take into the circle of its gods.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the historical Roman belief that an individual deity reigns in every spring, river, mountain, and lake, with whom worshippers can enter into a cultic relationship through veneration. As a m","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992545159cdabeb78f1dc13?page=41","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1893,"wd":"1874–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1874,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1770,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu Bla ma nor rgyam chos skor","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Then the local guardian spirits of the place became displeased, and lightning, hail, and a great black wind broke out.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the presence and agency of 'local guardian spirits of the place' tied to the valley, who become displeased and unleash lightning, hail, and wind in response to the princess being dragged aw","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e17a311a9edd4622193f?page=77","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur rGyud Ga","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"For invisible local deities and so forth, request the land with fire and torma <gloss>ritual cakes</gloss>.","why":"The text prescribes a ritual in which practitioners stand in relation with 'invisible local deities' tied to the site, explicitly requesting the land from them using pleasant speech, fire offerings, and torma cakes.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abd15f1a22ab19a9eb6b?page=243","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":850,"wd":"c. 700–1000, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1805,"ye":null,"t":"Orphica (Argonautica, Hymni, Lithica)","a":"Gottfried Hermann (ed.)","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cave","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"wandering within the woods, and came to a cave of nymphs of the meadows; and they, having caught sight of him as he came, 650 a youth still in his prime, they held him fast, so that with them","why":"The passage describes Hylas coming upon a cave inhabited by meadow nymphs (Leimakides), who are nature spirits tied to the place (the meadows and cave) and interact directly with him by holding him fast.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955747af63a757109173a5d?page=192","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":300,"wd":"c. 600 BCE–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-600,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1496,"ye":null,"t":"Argonautica","a":"Apollonius Rhodius","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"It was a customary practice for those arriving from abroad to perform <unclear>sacrifices</unclear> in the <unclear>open area</unclear> separately to the local gods and to the heroes of that land.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the 'inhabiting gods' (ennaetai) as local deities and heroes of that land who receive sacrifices from travelers, presenting the land/place as inhabited by localized spirits and ancestral ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938df8d5a98fd66f42fbd0?page=192","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":-246,"wd":"279–214 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-279,"wt":-214},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1851,"ye":null,"t":"Northern Mythology, Comprising the Principal Popular Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, Vol. 1","a":"Benjamin Thorpe","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"In Ulfliot's law it was ordered that the head of every ship should be taken off before it came in sight of land, and that it should not sail near the land with a gaping head and yawning beak, so as to frighten the Land-vættir","why":"The passage reports a historical Icelandic legal observance (Ulfliot's law) requiring sailors to remove carved dragonheads from their ships when approaching land so as not to frighten the Land-vættir (land-spirits), pres","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee64a07b983848aff58240?page=140","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":1824,"wd":"1797–1851, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1797,"wt":1851},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 14","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"spring-well","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"If the person is insincere, the offering is pushed back out and not accepted.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Holy Well Mountain where a hidden dragon inhabits the well and actively evaluates worshippers: if an offering is made by an insincere person, it is pushed back out and rejected, while the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd3e43713c66ea63598e?page=16","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"grub chen rin po che phyag rdor ba'i bka' 'bum","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The white rider was the hearth deity of Bar lag se ba.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the white rider appearing in the author's dream as the hearth deity of the specific place Bar lag se ba, who interacts directly with the author by offering a bundle of Dharma texts.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7963f80b52390feb19060?page=10","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1800,"wd":"c. 1700–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa bKa' brgyad Ca","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Then, having pleased the local deities and nagas, dig and take the earth.","why":"The ritual text instructs the practitioner to examine and consecrate a specific site and propitiate ('please') the local deities (lords of the soil) and nagas tied to the earth before digging, establishing a ritual relat","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac685f1a22ab19aa72f0?page=96","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1350–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1350,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། པི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 44)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"After making a request to the other <note>the local deities or spirits of the site</note>, dig the ground as commanded.","why":"The text instructs the practitioner to expel obstructing spirits, make a request to the earth, make a request to the other local deities/spirits of the site before digging the ground as commanded, and secure the earth wi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe9a356a920ffd924d88dc?page=57","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1000,"wd":"c. 900–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":900,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"Easy Entry for the Dull-Witted: A Guide to the Seven-Point Mind Training","a":"Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"This means avoiding reckless behavior such as destroying shrines, cutting down trees inhabited by spirits, polluting the waters of local spirits, or associating with lepers just to show others you have no self-cherishing.","why":"The passage explicitly instructs practitioners to avoid cutting down trees inhabited by spirits and polluting the waters of local spirits, directly treating trees and bodies of water as the dwellings of localized spirits","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a37ca2906d55b107dad4926?page=25","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1864,"wd":"1828–1899, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1828,"wt":1899},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1930,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rtsa skyongs kyi man ngag","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"if the local deities are disturbed by the fault of falling under a negative star,","why":"The text is an insider ritual manual explicitly recognizing local deities of the place/land who can be disturbed by agricultural activity and with whom harmony can be ritually restored.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f506cebc5889332213e?page=30","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1880,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mgon po ma nying nag po'I gsol 'debs sogs","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"spring-well","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"If even that does not stop it, make dough figures of the male and female masters of the spring.","why":"The ritual text explicitly refers to the 'male and female masters of the spring' (spirits presiding over the spring) and prescribes fashioning dough effigies of them for ritual subjugation to stop rain.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7884a4a6785cfd60d04fc?page=78","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":1380,"wd":"c. 1350–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1350,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འདུལ་བ། ཝུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 159)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"There are also other verses for the sake of the local deities.","why":"The passage prescribes reciting verses for the sake of local deities at resting places and when drawing water, treating local places/water sources as the domain or dwelling of place-tied spirits with whom practitioners m","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abeca4e896ea18127c8b081?page=141","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":500,"wd":"c. 450–550, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":450,"wt":550},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1930,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"ye shes mtsho rgyal gyi rnam thar","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"All the local deities of the place became unhappy; hail, lightning, and so on fell and became turbulent.","why":"The text explicitly describes the 'local deities of the place' having emotional states ('became unhappy') and reacting with weather phenomena (hail and lightning) when the Lady is abducted from her location, affirming th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788694a6785cfd60d0ee1?page=14","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1855,"ye":null,"t":"Vetus Testamentum Graecum: Septuagint with Latin Translation","a":"Septuagint","lg":"Greek","tr":"christian","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The nations that you removed and caused to settle in the cities of Samaria do not know the judgment of the God of the land, and he sent among them the lions, and behold they are putting them to death, because they do not know the judgment of the God of the land.","why":"The passage reports the perspective of the Assyrian settlers and king, who view the territory of Samaria as subject to a specific local territorial deity ('the God of the land') whose local customs and rites must be lear","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952e4b477f38f6761bc7d4c?page=583","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":-200,"wd":"3rd-2nd c. BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-280,"wt":-132},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1550,"ye":null,"t":"Pindari Olympia, Pythia, Nemea, Isthmia. Caeterorum octo lyricorum carmina, Alcaeai, Anacreontis, Sapphus, Bac","a":"Pindare","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"the Naiad Creusa, rejoicing\nat the bed of Peneus, bore,","why":"The Naiad Creusa, a freshwater nymph/water deity, is explicitly presented as a person who bore a child by the river god Peneus in the folds of Mount Pindus, representing waters/places as embodied persons within Greek myt","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b62f501c1c21a3737f47b7?page=318","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-453,"wd":"506–401 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-506,"wt":-401},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan","a":"W.G. Aston (tr.)","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"spring-well","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"He answered and said :—\" Thy servant is a local Deity, and his name is Wi-hikari <gloss>Well-brightness</gloss>.\"","why":"The passage describes a being emerging from a well in Yoshino who identifies himself as a local deity named Wi-hikari ('Well-brightness') and converses with the Emperor, presenting a specific natural water feature/locali","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd25f855ec553e776b4?page=149","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":720,"wd":"720 (Nihon Shoki)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":712,"wt":720},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan","a":"W.G. Aston (tr.)","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"These are the Deities which are worshipped by the Kimi of Minuma in Tsukushi.","why":"The passage describes three female deities who were made to dwell at Usa-shima (and the Northern Sea province) as 'Michi-nushi no Muchi' and explicitly notes that people (the Kimi of Minuma in Tsukushi) worship them, pre","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd25f855ec553e776b4?page=71","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"kami","yw":720,"wd":"720 (Nihon Shoki)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":712,"wt":720},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan","a":"W.G. Aston (tr.)","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The God of the mountain plagued the Prince.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the 'God of the mountain' (of Mount Oho-yama) as an active spirit tied to that specific mountain who takes animal forms, interacts with Yamato-dake no Mikoto, and whose breath affects trave","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd25f855ec553e776b4?page=235","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":720,"wd":"720 (Nihon Shoki)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":712,"wt":720},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan","a":"W.G. Aston (tr.)","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Then the God of the mountain raised up the clouds, and made an icy rain to fall.","why":"The passage directly describes the 'God of the mountain' acting as an intentional agent who manifested as a serpent and brought mist and icy rain upon Yamato-dake.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd25f855ec553e776b4?page=236","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":720,"wd":"720 (Nihon Shoki)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":712,"wt":720},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan","a":"W.G. Aston (tr.)","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"“ O thou River-God, who hast sent the curse (to remove which) I have now come hither as a sacrifice.","why":"The chronicle explicitly presents a localized River-God tied to the Northern river and Mamuta embankment who demands sacrifices, inflicts a curse, is prayed to, and physically interacts with offerings in the water.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd25f855ec553e776b4?page=308","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":720,"wd":"720 (Nihon Shoki)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":712,"wt":720},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1500,"ye":null,"t":"Miscellaneous Writings of Drukpa Kunley","a":"Drukpa Kunley (1455-1529)","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"In the center of Lhodrak, more excellent than the local deity; in Lhalung, which was established as a secluded retreat, I, the happy Kunley who has cast off activities, sing this distant song of a relaxed mind.","why":"The passage explicitly references the 'local deity' of the center of Lhodrak, recognizing a spirit tied to that specific territory/place within the Tibetan Buddhist and indigenous tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e74626831080b8de4a7494?page=1025","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1485,"wd":"1470–1500, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1470,"wt":1500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)","a":"Tsukamoto Tetsuzō","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"He respectfully enshrined the god of the mountain peak, the Great God of Iwa, along with his children, Ise-tsu-hiko and Ise-tsu-hime.","why":"The passage describes establishing the Yamamoto shrine to respectfully enshrine the god of the mountain peak (the Great God of Iwa) and his children, pacifying the area through religious rite and recognizing a deity tied","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a3a2d53df4853bdd12?page=71","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":712,"wd":"712 CE (Kojiki); Fudoki 713-740s; Norito earlier","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":711,"wt":712},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)","a":"Tsukamoto Tetsuzō","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"He called him over and asked, \"Who are you?\" He replied, \"I am a local god; my name is Uzuhiko.\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes encountering a being who identifies as a 'local god' (kunitsukami / earthly deity) riding a turtle on the sea and knowing the sea routes, with whom the protagonist enters into a direct re","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a3a2d53df4853bdd12?page=490","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":712,"wd":"712 CE (Kojiki); Fudoki 713-740s; Norito earlier","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":711,"wt":712},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)","a":"Tsukamoto Tetsuzō","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Regarding the rivers and seas, they are divided between the male and female deities within the river mouths.","why":"The passage from the Kojiki's cosmogony explicitly describes the rivers, seas, and river mouths (water-gates) as being assigned to and governed by specific male and female deities (kami) born to preside over them. As a w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a3a2d53df4853bdd12?page=580","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":712,"wd":"712 CE (Kojiki); Fudoki 713-740s; Norito earlier","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":711,"wt":712},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)","a":"Tsukamoto Tetsuzō","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Next, Oyama-kui-no-kami (also known as Yamasue-no-onushi-no-kami; this deity resides at Mount Hiei in the land of Chikatsu-Omi <gloss>Near Omi</gloss>, and also resides at Matsuo in Kadono.","why":"The text explicitly identifies Mount Hiei and Matsuo as the dwelling places of the deity Oyama-kui-no-kami (Yamasue-no-onushi-no-kami).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a3a2d53df4853bdd12?page=527","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":712,"wd":"712 CE (Kojiki); Fudoki 713-740s; Norito earlier","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":711,"wt":712},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1848,"ye":"colophon","t":"mi pham blo gros rgya mtsho'i drang gtam sogs","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"when arriving, the glorious Protector of the Land <note>the local deity</note> came to welcome us.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the 'Protector of the Land' (a local deity / lord of the soil tied to the place) coming to welcome the travelers upon arrival at the sacred site, and receiving offerings (smoke-offerings ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788354a6785cfd60cfdce?page=151","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1900,"wd":"c. 1880–1912","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1880,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 13","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"In ancient times, people reported seeing two girls with their hair in twin buns playing in the water; some say it was the work of their spirits...","why":"The passage describes Twin Maidens Peak and reports a local legend/sighting that two girls with twin hair buns were seen playing in the water, which people attributed to the work of the spirits tied to the peak/waters. T","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd3b43713c66ea635917?page=104","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1500,"ye":null,"t":"Miscellaneous Writings of Drukpa Kunley","a":"Drukpa Kunley (1455-1529)","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Sent to the Queen of the Lake Medicine-Goddess <note>the local deity of the lake</note>:","why":"The passage depicts the author writing a letter directly addressing the Queen of the Lake Medicine-Goddess as the spirit presiding over the lake and controlling its fish, throwing the letter into the lake to command her.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e74626831080b8de4a7494?page=607","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1485,"wd":"1470–1500, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1470,"wt":1500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1950,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"An Introduction to Nag-rtsis (Chinese-Tibetan Astrology)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"day, and hour, the roaming <term>Earth Lords</term> <gloss>spirits of the land</gloss>, and so forth; especially the specific faults that might harm the activity undertaken by a particular individual: these should be analyzed in detail and spoken by one skilled in explanation.","why":"The text explicitly recognizes the roaming Earth Lords (spirits of the land / lords of the soil) whose positions and faults can harm human activities, affirming from an insider perspective that people must account for th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7465385f786e884a48575?page=124","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Dam tshig rab 'byed zhes bya ba","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The tree deity said: \"When the last month of spring arises, a replacement will grow; you all should grieve for yourselves.\"","why":"The passage directly features a tree deity speaking about the injured branch of the tree, presenting the tree as the dwelling of a spirit capable of communicating and standing in relation with humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7618acc48e59ad74f0417?page=260","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":750,"wd":"c. 700–800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1950,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"An Introduction to Nag-rtsis (Chinese-Tibetan Astrology)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"if the waist hurts, the <term>Sa-dag</term> <gloss>earth-lords/local spirits</gloss> are harming them.","why":"The text presents the Sa-dag (earth-lords / local spirits of the land/soil) as distinct spirit beings tied to the earth who directly affect human health (causing waist pain/harm), reflecting active diagnostic and ritual ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7465385f786e884a48575?page=269","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"The Ewe-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Meanwhile, the primary idea concerning the gods of natural features was, and with regard to the great majority of them still is, that they are beings who must be propitiated in order that their malignity may be averted.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic belief on the Gold and Slave Coasts that natural features (rivers, rocks, mountains, lakes) have indwelling gods or spirits that are beings with whom humans enter into relations throu","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079bcdb8b55d19ec67b8a?page=37","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1879,"wd":"1867–1890, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1890},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1950,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"An Introduction to Nag-rtsis (Chinese-Tibetan Astrology)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The life-force was cut by <term>Lu</term> <gloss>water spirits</gloss>, <term>Bsen</term> <gloss>spirits</gloss>, and <term>Tsho-men</term> <gloss>lake goddesses</gloss>.","why":"The text explicitly attributes the cutting of the life-force when crossing a river under the Water trigram to Lu (water spirits / nāgas) and Tsho-men (lake goddesses), presenting waters as inhabited by spirits with whom ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7465385f786e884a48575?page=545","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"The Ewe-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"They declared that the ñoli, the late luwo of Mepon, had passed into the animal, which was thenceforth allowed to go where it pleased and was treated with the greatest respect.","why":"The author ethnographically reports that the local people believed the ghost of a deceased leader (ñoli) had entered into an animal, which was consequently treated with great reverence, given sacrifices, and buried with ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079bcdb8b55d19ec67b8a?page=119","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1879,"wd":"1867–1890, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1890},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1950,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"An Introduction to Nag-rtsis (Chinese-Tibetan Astrology)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"In this good time of year, month, day, and hour, to you, the Earth Lord lords and ministers: the 'Sky-Treasury' is established; let your resentment be stilled!","why":"The ritual text explicitly addresses the Earth Lords (lords of the soil/land) as personal spirits with emotional states ('let your resentment be stilled!') and establishes a relationship through offerings, libations, and","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7465385f786e884a48575?page=584","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"The Ewe-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Trees that serve as the special dwellings of these gods—for not every tree of these two varieties is so honored—are seen surrounded by a girdle of palm leaves.","why":"The passage explicitly states that certain trees serve as the special dwellings of spirits/gods of the forest and trees (Huntin and Loko), who receive prayers and sacrifices from people, reported from an ethnographic out","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079bcdb8b55d19ec67b8a?page=63","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1879,"wd":"1867–1890, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1890},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"The Ewe-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"sky-weather","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Wuo, the spirit of the Harmattan wind, is regarded as a god by the eastern Ewe-speaking tribes, but he is not worshipped.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic belief of the eastern Ewe-speaking tribes that the Harmattan wind is embodied by or under the power of a spirit/god named Wuo, who dwells in a cave and is let out seasonally.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079bcdb8b55d19ec67b8a?page=91","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1879,"wd":"1867–1890, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1890},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Gauls","a":"[Martin, Jacques]","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"They also sometimes qualified this God by the general name of the Spirit of the Place.","why":"The passage reports the religious belief and practice of the Ancients (Romans and Gauls) who dedicated cities to a tutelary divinity or 'Spirit of the Place' (Genius Loci), representing and personifying it, sacrificing v","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a5a2c9cb59aebe69eda0?page=347","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1727,"wd":"1727","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1727,"wt":1727},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Gauls","a":"[Martin, Jacques]","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"God Silvanus,\" he says, \"you who make your home in the bark of an ash tree, and who watch over the guard of this little high garden, I consecrate these verses to you as an eternal Monument of gratitude, because by the favor of your protection, while I manage the affairs of the Caesars, you turn away from me all the unfortunate accidents that could happen to me in the fields, in the gorges of the Alps, or in the midst of those who make their stay in the fragrant Woods consecrated to you.","why":"The text documents an ancient Gallo-Roman inscription addressing the god Silvanus as enclosed within the ash tree and guardian of the high garden/grove, who protects the dedicator through the Alps and Italian fields in e","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a5a2c9cb59aebe69eda0?page=333","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1727,"wd":"1727","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1727,"wt":1727},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"ge sar dmag gi rtogs brjod las/ byang bdud gru gu g.yul rgyal stobs chen thod rgal rgyal po mnga’ ‘bangs su bs","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"From the White Crystal Mountain, the local lord Cuckoo-Mog-gyal, take heed.","why":"The passage explicitly invokes the 'local lord Cuckoo-Mog-gyal' of the 'White Crystal Mountain' as a resident spirit/war-god who is asked to protect men and horses, presenting the mountain as the dwelling of a localized ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f4e6cebc58893322040?page=47","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1880,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"ge sar dmag gi rtogs brjod las/ byang bdud gru gu g.yul rgyal stobs chen thod rgal rgyal po mnga’ ‘bangs su bs","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"When he got on his horse, the local deity of Dokham, Magyal Pomra, descended upon him.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Magyal Pomra as the local deity of Dokham who descends upon Bernag-can, proclaims his residence on the nine-peaked Upper Ma, and receives worship and offerings from monks, Bonpos, and the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f4e6cebc58893322040?page=86","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1880,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Klong gsal gsang ba snying bcud sogs","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"demon-harmful","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"There, offer a black goat with a black neck to the Black Demon of the Demon Water.","why":"The passage identifies a specific body of water ('a lake like a mirror' / 'Demon Water') as the dwelling of a localized spirit ('Black Demon of the Demon Water') and prescribes a ritual animal offering to propitiate it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e77a9b0fc6fc955e360c62?page=358","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1350,"wd":"c. 1300–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十九之六 (vol 255)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"A local deity ordered him to act as a tiger and dressed him in a spotted skin.","why":"The passage from the Garden of Marvels (Yiyuan), cited under the literary rhyme entry, depicts a local tutelary deity in Guangling who directly interacts with an attendant, commanding him to act as a tiger and punishing ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c634f4daf85677d170ebf?page=135","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Mi la ras pa’l rnam thar","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"—after the local deity of Palbar had come here, he thought it was not necessary to go specifically to Mount Palbar to meditate.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the 'local deity of Palbar' coming to the yogi, presenting Mount Palbar as associated with a localized spirit or deity with whom people interact.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e76139cc48e59ad74ee568?page=23","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1488,"wd":"1488","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1488,"wt":1488},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Thor bu Pad gling bka' 'bum","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"As soon as he said this, the Great Sky-Lake <note>referring to a local deity or personage named mkha' ri re</note> said, \"Come into my palace for a conversation,\" and led the way.","why":"The passage depicts the Great Sky-Lake as a personal being with a family and a palace on the mountain peak, who converses directly with the narrator, invites him into his palace, and gestures toward the landscape.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac425f1a22ab19aa607c?page=24","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Mi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"She takes the earth and the foundations as her earthly site.","why":"The passage from a ritual liturgy describes the goddess Tenma taking the earth, foundations, and mountains as her dwelling site, receiving offerings of grains and tormas directly from the practitioner.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e167311a9edd4622093b?page=288","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1025,"wd":"c. 750–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百十九~卷二百二十: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 167)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The Fragmentary Notes from the North <note>original: Beimeng Suoyan</note> records that Zhang Jianzhang traveled to the Bohai Sea and met a water spirit who gifted him shark-silk.","why":"The text records an encounter at the Bohai Sea where a traveler meets a local water spirit who gifts him shark-silk, presenting the sea as inhabited by a spirit tied to that place with whom humans interact.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c608e879008ba7e15d4ef?page=89","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百十九~卷二百二十: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 167)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The Soushen Ji records a thousand-year-old turtle that could engage in speech with humans.","why":"The text cites the Soushen Ji recording a thousand-year-old turtle capable of conversing with humans, presenting an animal as a person capable of speech and relational interaction within mythological/legendary tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c608e879008ba7e15d4ef?page=103","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Lectures on the Religion of the Semites","a":"William Robertson Smith","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"spring-well","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Even today, a patient at the natural bath of Tiberias must not offend the spirits by pronouncing the name of God, as recorded in the Journal of the German Palestine Society.","why":"The passage reports the local belief and ritual precaution that patients at the natural bath of Tiberias must not offend the spirits of the spring by pronouncing the name of God.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990795db621b177c1af68d9?page=184","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offend the spirits","yw":1878,"wd":"1861–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1861,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Lectures on the Religion of the Semites","a":"William Robertson Smith","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"In the same way, the life of an animal that is a person's totem is sacred to them not because it is a living being, but because they believe they are descended from the same ancestor and are, in a sense, cousins to one another.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that in totemism, the totem animal is treated as a kinsman and 'cousin' descended from a common ancestor, extending the moral and personal relations of clan kinship to animals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990795db621b177c1af68d9?page=298","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1878,"wd":"1861–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1861,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1892,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 1","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"After setting out vegetable offerings to the spirits of the gates, the Ruler passes...","why":"The quoted ancient ceremonial text (I Li / Yili) explicitly describes a ritual offering of vegetables made directly to the spirits of the gates before the Ruler passes through, presenting the gates as the dwelling place ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796ab621b177c1af6da0?page=68","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":1881,"wd":"1869–1892, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1892},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1892,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 1","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"The First Minister shall also give orders to the Invoker and the Recorder to announce the name of the child everywhere at the five places of sacrifice and to the spirits of the hills and streams","why":"The passage quotes an ancient Chinese ritual regulation instructing officials to announce the newborn heir's name to the spirits of the hills and streams, explicitly treating natural mountains and watercourses as places ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796ab621b177c1af6da0?page=409","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1881,"wd":"1869–1892, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1892},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1892,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 1","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"The official who sacrificed to the god of the Soil, and the one who carried the soul streamer <note>a ritual banner representing the soul of the deceased</note>, also receive presents in silver, and in many cases, are paid a formal ceremonial visit.","why":"The passage describes an ethnographic report of a Chinese funeral rite involving an official who sacrifices to the god of the Soil, depicting the earth or land as governed by a place-tied deity with whom people stand in ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796ab621b177c1af6da0?page=292","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1881,"wd":"1869–1892, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1892},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Cunaeus Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"O Naiad Clymene, and offspring of Oceanus;","why":"The text directly addresses Clymene as a Naiad (nymph of springs/fountains) and daughter of Oceanus in the context of the primordial maidens and fountains, presenting the fountain/spring as embodied by a localized water ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d615d28b693146cee47?page=1120","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Cunaeus Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The glaucous-eyed olive tree, being cut, groaned in return;","why":"The passage depicts the olive tree as a conscious being that remembers and audibly groans when cut, situated among Dryads and Hamadryads who inhabit the trees and directly plead with the woodcutters.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d615d28b693146cee47?page=75","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Vol. 2","a":"Pu Songling (tr. Herbert Giles)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"animal-person","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"the girl was the small fish which had been found hanging to the dolphin’s tail.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies a human slave-girl as having been the small fish found hanging to a dolphin's tail, presenting an animal as a person capable of recognition, speech, and relational interaction.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990797fb621b177c1af7e3c?page=60","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1685,"wd":"1655–1715, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1655,"wt":1715},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Vol. 2","a":"Pu Songling (tr. Herbert Giles)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"“This stick,” said the servant, “died instead of you. Bury it reverently, that the wrong done to the tree may be somewhat atoned for.”","why":"The passage states that the stick (cut from a sacred tree) bled, 'died instead of you', and required reverent burial to atone for the wrong done to the tree, presenting the tree/stick as a living being with whom moral an","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990797fb621b177c1af7e3c?page=80","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animist","yw":1685,"wd":"1655–1715, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1655,"wt":1715},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Vol. 2","a":"Pu Songling (tr. Herbert Giles)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"In the middle of their fun up came a stranger with a face about three feet long and a very tall hat ; whereupon the others were very much alarmed, and cried out, \"The hill spirit ! the hill spirit !\" running away in all directions as fast as they could go.","why":"The passage depicts a figure appearing in the hills identified directly as 'the hill spirit' (a mountain spirit/god tied to the place), presented as an embodied being within a traditional Chinese tale of the strange.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990797fb621b177c1af7e3c?page=145","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1685,"wd":"1655–1715, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1655,"wt":1715},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"'dzam gling ge sar rgyal po'i ljangs gling skor","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"May the White Sky-The above know! May the Variegated Intermediate-The in between know! May the Black Earth-The below know!","why":"The song directly addresses the White Sky above, the Variegated Intermediate space, and the Black Earth below as sentient entities endowed with wisdom and agency capable of knowing and providing support in battle, embody","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f406cebc58893321d7e?page=12","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1488,"ye":null,"t":"Mi la ras pa'i gsung mgur mdzod nag ma (Songs of Milarepa, 'Black Treasury')","a":"Milarepa; Tsangnyon Heruka (compiler)","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"When they arrived, they found that the old woman had died that night as punishment for speaking ill of the powerful local deity.","why":"The passage explicitly describes an encounter where an old woman died as punishment for speaking ill of a powerful local deity, affirming a spirit tied to that locality that enters into relations with humans and punishes","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dfee84ce6bb8619e07f35a?page=222","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1319,"wd":"1299–1339, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1299,"wt":1339},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":700,"ye":null,"t":"Mani Kabum: Great Collected Teachings on Avalokiteshvara","a":"Attributed to Songtsen Gampo","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The Lord of the Sky-Mountain <note>Mkhari, a local deity</note> must be displeased.","why":"The passage explicitly presents the Lord of the Sky-Mountain (Mkhari) as a local mountain deity tied to the area whose displeasure causes drought and who can be propitiated through ritual practice (a smoke offering, sang","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7463b831080b8de4a7d1a?page=64","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1170,"wd":"c. 1150–1200","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1150,"wt":1200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Thor bu 004 bsTan 'dzin rab rgyas rnam thar","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The Lord was very pleased and said, \"That was the local deity <gloss>gnas bdag</gloss> who has a share of the work; he was inviting you in a hurry.\"","why":"The text explicitly identifies a disembodied voice urging the sculptor to make temple repairs as the local deity (gnas bdag), a territorial spirit of the place who actively communicates with and invites human actors.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab6f5f1a22ab19a989fc?page=105","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1810,"wd":"c. 1720–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1720,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཇུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 68)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"In the vicinity of sweet-smelling, yellow-sour, or rough trees, the local deity of the tree is white in color.","why":"The text explicitly describes a rite in which practitioners recognize a local tree deity ('local deity of the tree' / 'Master of the Wood'), offer jewels, scents, and ritual payment to it, and cultivate compassion before","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abead3a896ea18127c81226?page=640","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":800,"wd":"c. 700–900, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Phi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"If those are unavailable, hide it in any powerful, haunted place and say: \"This friend has violated his oath, so inflict punishment upon him!\"","why":"The ritual instructions direct the practitioner to deposit an oath-curse slip in a powerful, haunted place and speak directly to it ('This friend has violated his oath, so inflict punishment upon him!'), treating the pla","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787114a6785cfd60ca6f8?page=327","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 4 Part 2","a":"Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch","lg":"English","tr":"korean-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Five of the twelve documents speak of conducting community sacrifices to \"The Mountain,\" to \"The guardian spirit of the mountain,\" or to \"The spirit of the mountain.\"","why":"The passage ethnographically reports historical Korean village guild records documenting communal sacrifices and feasts directed to 'The Mountain,' 'The guardian spirit of the mountain,' or 'The spirit of the mountain,' ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992597d3d2d40d1b058fd68?page=56","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1900,"wd":"1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1900,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Lectures on the Religion of the Semites","a":"William Robertson Smith","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The same deity may easily manifest themselves in the life of a tree or a spring, yet emerge from time to time in human or animal form.","why":"The passage reports the religious beliefs of Semitic peoples, explaining that deities were believed to inhabit or manifest themselves in the life of natural objects such as sacred trees and springs, maintaining a permane","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990795db621b177c1af68d9?page=180","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1878,"wd":"1861–1894, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1861,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1577,"ye":null,"t":"Florentine Codex, Vol. 2 (Books 6-9)","a":"Bernardino de Sahagún","lg":"Nahuatl-Spanish","tr":"native-american","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"go peacefully, joyfully, to the breast, to the throat, to the arms of our mother, our father, the sun and Tlaltecutli <gloss>Lord of the Earth</gloss>.","why":"The passage records a prayer (huehuetlatolli) addressing the earth as a living being and person ('our mother the earth', 'to the breast, to the throat, to the arms of our mother, our father, the sun and Tlaltecutli <glos","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dfebaa090ad7d5c33b1211?page=35","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"our mother the earth","yw":1546,"wd":"1514–1577, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1514,"wt":1577},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1799,"ye":null,"t":"Voyages de Pythagore","a":"[Maréchal, Sylvain]","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"thus, when the inhabitants appear to sacrifice to this animal, they only observe what is done everywhere else; they invoke the good spirit of the place.","why":"The pilot reports the practice and belief of the local inhabitants, explaining that their sacrifice to the goat is actually an invocation of 'the good spirit of the place' (a genius loci tied to the locality with whom pe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88f666c6f3cc53c85b371","fm":true,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1799,"wd":"1799","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1799,"wt":1799},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1642,"ye":null,"t":"The Beginning and End of Political Doctrine","a":"Besold, Christoph","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"And this was the reason why the ancients were accustomed to kiss and greet the earth, mountains, and fields: not because they offered it to the mountains or fields, but to the gods presiding over them and their servants.","why":"The passage reports the ancient practice of greeting and kissing the earth, mountains, and fields as an act addressed to the gods and their servant genii presiding over those specific places.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e4b9a81ef7feb3d28ea?page=121","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1615,"wd":"1592–1638, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1638},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1799,"ye":null,"t":"Voyages de Pythagore","a":"[Maréchal, Sylvain]","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Thus, when the inhabitants appear to sacrifice to this animal, they are only observing what is done everywhere else; they invoke the good spirit of the place.","why":"The speaker reports that the inhabitants of Mendes invoke the 'good spirit of the place' rather than worshiping the animal itself, explicitly presenting the location as inhabited by a local spirit with whom people intera","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c88f666c6f3cc53c85b371?page=323","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1799,"wd":"1799","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1799,"wt":1799},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1583,"ye":null,"t":"Works of Virgil","a":"Virgil (ed. Henri II Estienne)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Uncertain whether he should think it the spirit of the place or the servant of his parent.","why":"The passage directly considers whether the serpent emerging from the burial mound is the 'spirit of the place' (genius loci) or the attendant spirit of Anchises, and describes Aeneas performing sacrificial rites and rene","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f446f9f1ad2b3b152166?page=220","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":-36,"wd":"54–18 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-54,"wt":-18},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1649,"ye":null,"t":"The Garden of Sacred and Profane Erudition","a":"Mendoça, Francisco de","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"\"Unsure whether he should think it to be the spirit of the place, or the servant of his father.\"","why":"The passage quotes Virgil's Aeneid describing a serpent emerging from Anchises' tomb, with Aeneas wondering whether it is the 'spirit of the place' (genius loci), an explicit recognition of a tutelary spirit tied to a sp","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dc7768235dc65987c39?page=355","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1640,"wd":"c. 1630–1649","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1630,"wt":1649},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1862,"ye":null,"t":"Appendices and Omissions","a":"Arthur Schopenhauer","lg":"German","tr":"ethnography","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"...because he has sacrificed the treasure placed there to the spirit of the place, the protective god of his territory.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic/travel account of a reindeer-Sami sacrificing treasure to the 'spirit of the place' (genius loci), the protective god of his territory, establishing a ritual relation with a spirit tied t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ade7aa6a6b945bbdfa2e6d?page=148","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1832,"wd":"1803–1860, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1803,"wt":1860},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"Anecdota atheniensia","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Lb","tr":"christian","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"I skourtiazo you, you, Spirit of the Place, and you, Water, and you, Mustard, by the Creator who fashioned all things that bow to his will and to his majesty and power, and by all the creatures that are known; I adjure you by the King of Heaven, I adjure you by the great power of God the living and immortal, by this I adjure you, you Spirit who are in this place, to go, to find where there is a grain of mustard; to take it and to gather it upon the place where the treasure is; I adjure you by [...] to bring it there where the treasure is hidden and the substance of gold [or silver] or of any other nature, gold or other things.","why":"The ritual incantation directly addresses and conjures the 'Spirit of the Place' (genius loci / spirit tied to the location) as a personal agent to assist in locating hidden treasure, representing the text's own ritual m","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a357f112aadc65cf0908511?page=107","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":800,"wd":"c. 400–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"On the German Gods","a":"Schedius, Elias","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Spirits presided over certain places and regions, and they were then called Spirits of the Place","why":"The passage explicitly reports that spirits presided over certain places and regions as 'Spirits of the Place' (genii loci), documenting ancient Roman belief from an outsider scholarly perspective.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a604ba24fc91936a91757?page=573","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1636,"wd":"1630–1641, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1630,"wt":1641},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1728,"ye":null,"t":"On the German Gods","a":"Schedius, Elias","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"NYMPH OF THIS SACRED PLACE, GUARDIAN OF THE SPRING, I SLEEP WHILE I SENSE THE CHARMING MURMUR OF THE WATER.","why":"The passage quotes an ancient inscription presenting a nymph as the guardian of the spring and a person with whom humans interact (forbidding disturbance while drinking or washing), reported by a later scholarly treatise","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a604ba24fc91936a91757?page=572","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1636,"wd":"1630–1641, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1630,"wt":1641},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1562,"ye":null,"t":"Four Books on Dreams","a":"Girolamo Cardano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"And generally, in all beginnings, or under the beginnings of great changes; and especially when one has sacrificed in a great temple to the God and divine spirit of the place, intending to pass time there.","why":"The passage directly affirms that great dreams occur when one has sacrificed to the 'God and divine spirit of the place' upon changing regions and intending to stay there, acknowledging a local spirit tied to the place w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906327ef12272ffdc8f9ac?page=234","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1546,"wd":"1516–1576, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1516,"wt":1576},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1643,"ye":null,"t":"Mundus alter et idem","a":"[Hall, Joseph]","lg":"Latin","tr":"european-folk","c":"town-region","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"On the day before Ash Wednesday they perform sacred rites to the Genius loci <gloss>the spirit of the place</gloss>, to whom","why":"The passage reports as an outside observer of the people's religious practices that they perform sacred rites to the Genius loci (spirit of the place, specifically of the city), presenting a spirit tied to a particular p","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c87efc6c6f3cc53c858e17?page=74","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1605,"wd":"c. 1605–1607","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1605,"wt":1607},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1641,"ye":null,"t":"Operis politici: variis digressionibus philologicis & iuridicis illustrati","a":"Besold, Christoph","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Servius, on the first book of the Georgics, page 85, says: the ancients called the genius the natural god of each place, or thing, or man.","why":"The passage quotes Servius stating that the ancients called the genius the natural god of each place, affirming the historical belief in local tutelary gods or spirits tied to places (genius loci). The voice is outsider,","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c74f7f6a0f3d112faf848b?page=154","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1615,"wd":"1592–1638, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1592,"wt":1638},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1641,"ye":null,"t":"Operis politici: variis digressionibus philologicis & iuridicis illustrati","a":"Besold, Christoph","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"And this was the reason why the ancients were accustomed to kiss and salute the earth, mountains, and fields: not that they offered this to the mountains or fields, but to the gods presiding over them and to their servants.","why":"The text reports historical ancient rites and beliefs ('outsider' voice), explicitly stating that the ancients kissed and saluted the earth, mountains, and fields to honour the gods and servant spirits presiding over ind","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c74f7f6a0f3d112faf848b?page=155","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1615,"wd":"1592–1638, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1592,"wt":1638},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1669,"ye":null,"t":"De physiologia christiana, et theologia gentili liber V. VI. VII. VIII. & IX","a":"Vossius, Gerardus Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"How they performed divine service to the Genius of a place, however, is indicated by Calpurnius Siculus in his fifth eclogue:","why":"The passage documents historical Roman religious rites directed to the Genius of a place (genius loci), quoting Calpurnius Siculus on invoking and making offerings to the local Genius.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c89fe06c6f3cc53c85de54","fm":true,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1621,"wd":"1592–1649, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1649},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1669,"ye":null,"t":"De physiologia christiana, et theologia gentili liber V. VI. VII. VIII. & IX","a":"Vossius, Gerardus Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"By \"Genius,\" we are not to understand here the soul of each person, but either a guardian assigned to each (according to the Platonists) or the genius loci <gloss>spirit of a place</gloss> or region admitted into the number of the Gods by public authority: as when we read in Pausanias, book 9, in the Boeotics, <note>original Greek: ὄππα τε δαίμονος ἱερὸν</note> \"the small shrine of the Good Spirit,\" which they entered before descending into the cave of Trophonius.","why":"The text explicitly describes the genius loci (spirit of a place or region) admitted into the number of the gods by public authority, reporting ancient religious practice and citing Pausanias on the shrine of the Good Sp","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c89fe06c6f3cc53c85de54?page=555","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1621,"wd":"1592–1649, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1649},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1644,"ye":null,"t":"Saxonis Grammatici Historia Danica (Gesta Danorum)","a":"Saxo Grammaticus; Stephan Hansen Stephanius (ed.)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"And this is the reason why the ancients were accustomed to kiss and greet the earth, mountains, and fields: not that they were paying it to the mountains and fields, but to their presiding gods and their servants.","why":"The commentator explicitly states that antiquity assigned presiding gods/genii to individual places (earth, mountains, fields) and greeted/kissed them to venerate these local presiding spirits and their servants, reporti","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee64337b983848aff564de?page=688","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1193,"wd":"1165–1220, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1165,"wt":1220},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1917,"ye":null,"t":"History of Religious Beliefs and Philosophical Opinions in China","a":"Léon Wieger","lg":"French","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"The emperor sacrificed to the Sovereign on High and ordered that offerings be made throughout the empire to the Spirits of the mountains and rivers and to all the glorious Manes to obtain the necessary rains at this critical moment when vegetation is in full development.","why":"The passage describes rites in which offerings are made throughout the empire to the spirits of mountains and rivers to obtain rain, presenting mountains and rivers as the seats or dwellings of spirits with whom people i","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907ca85f855ec553e7690e?page=266","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1897,"wd":"1871–1922, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1871,"wt":1922},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1917,"ye":null,"t":"History of Religious Beliefs and Philosophical Opinions in China","a":"Léon Wieger","lg":"French","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Genius of the place informing the Genius of the city.","why":"The passage documents popular Chinese religious belief from a tract, presenting the Tu-di ('Local Earth God' or 'Genius of the place', a lord of the soil) and Cheng-huang ('City God') as personal beings tied to locality ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907ca85f855ec553e7690e?page=622","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1897,"wd":"1871–1922, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1871,"wt":1922},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1670,"ye":null,"t":"Works","a":"Virgil","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"He renews the honors for his father with more zeal, uncertain whether to think it the Genius of the place, or the servant of his father: he sacrifices five ewes according to custom, and as many swine, and as many black-backed heifers: and he was pouring wines from bowls, and calling the soul of great Anchises, and his ghost released from Acheron.","why":"The passage explicitly references the 'Genius of the place' (genius loci) and depicts the serpent at Anchises' tomb as either this tutelary spirit of the place or an attendant spirit of the deceased ancestor, receiving o","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b3005fa1a4246ddb45c60f?page=160","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":-36,"wd":"54–18 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-54,"wt":-18},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Characteristics Vol. II (Robertson Edition 1900)","a":"Third Earl of Shaftesbury","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"there, if you are content to wander with me in the woods you see, we will pursue those loves of ours by favor of the sylvan nymphs; and invoking first the genius of the place, we will try to obtain at least some faint and distant view of the sovereign genius and first beauty.","why":"The passage refers to a specific natural setting ('the woods you see') as inhabited by spirits tied to that place ('sylvan nymphs', 'genius of the place') that can be invoked and grant favor, employing classical poetic/m","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953efe91479a63c11088949?page=52","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1711,"wd":"1699-1711","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1699,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1615,"ye":null,"t":"Comus, or the Cimmerian Banquet","a":"Erycius Puteanus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"For the ancients worshipped certain guardians or tutelary gods of provinces, cities, buildings, and places, whom they called Fatal Genii, or also Lares.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the ancients worshipped tutelary gods and guardians of places, provinces, cities, and buildings, referring to them as Genii of the place or Lares.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b302cddf2b658a33e9b550?page=56","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1602,"wd":"1589–1615, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1589,"wt":1615},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1505,"ye":null,"t":"Pontani Opera. Vrania, siue de stellis libri quinque. Meteororum liber unus. De hortis hesperidum libri duo. L","a":"Giovanni Gioviano Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Meanwhile, implore the genius of the place and the sister Nymphs\nFor help, and favor them at the same time with an auspicious hand.","why":"The passage explicitly directs the cultivator to implore the genius of the place (genius loci) and the sister Nymphs for help and to favor them with an auspicious hand, presenting beings tied to the specific place with w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08540815c643eb1af51aa0?page=316","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1535,"ye":null,"t":"The Complete Latin Works of Jacopo Sannazaro","a":"Sannazaro, Jacopo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Which the wandering Naiad gathers from the river Sebethus.","why":"The text depicts a Naiad (water nymph) specifically tied to a particular watercourse, the river Sebethus, gathering offerings/wreaths as a localized spirit in a work of Renaissance poetic and mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0857e049638a50931c5cd8?page=127","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1501,"wd":"1472–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1472,"wt":1530},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Pontani Opera. Vrania, siue De stellis libri quinque. Meteororum liber unus. De hortis Hesperidum libri duo. L","a":"Pontano, Giovanni Gioviano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Therefore, proceed, O Nymphs who cultivate the Fundanian rivers, and Phormiade Nymphs of the trembling streams of Liris, who cultivate the dewy fields of Suessa, and you who cultivate the Amalphean glades and the fields of the Sirens shining with gold, and the sown rocks with tawny metals.","why":"The passage directly invokes the nymphs presiding over specific waters and landscapes (the Fundanian rivers, the streams of Liris, and the Amalphean glades) to join in ritual offerings, following classical poetic convent","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085c4d49638a50931ccf0a?page=323","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1575,"ye":null,"t":"Observations on the Metamorphoses of Ovid","a":"Ercole Ciofano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"It was a custom that those who first entered some region, or returned to it after an interval, should religiously greet it. And this [was done] because they judged that a certain genius presides over every place.","why":"The text explicitly reports the ancient custom of greeting a region upon entering it because people believed that a genius presides over every place, and cites classical sources showing people praying to the genius of th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08563d15c643eb1af58680?page=60","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1575,"wd":"1575","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1575,"wt":1575},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Pontani Opera. Vrania, siue De stellis libri quinque. Meteororum liber unus. De hortis Hesperidum libri duo. L","a":"Pontano, Giovanni Gioviano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Among these, implore the genius of the place and the sister Nymphs\nFor aid, and favor them at the same time with a lucky hand.","why":"The text directly instructs the cultivator to implore the genius of the place (genius loci) and the sister Nymphs for aid and favor them with a lucky hand, treating the local spirit/genius and nymphs tied to the place as","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085c4d49638a50931ccf0a?page=311","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1615,"ye":null,"t":"Tractatus posthumus Jani Jacobi Boissardi ... De divinatione &amp; magicis praestigiis: quarum veritas ac vani","a":"Boissard, Jean Jacques","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Cyril, in book 3 against Julian, writes that the river Causus greeted Pythagoras with these words: \"Greetings, O Pythagoras.\"","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the river Causus addressed Pythagoras in speech ('Greetings, O Pythagoras'), treating the river as a personal agent capable of speech and greeting.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e106120d54bd037b2d8?page=319","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1573,"wd":"1543–1602, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1543,"wt":1602},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1534,"ye":null,"t":"Hoc volumine continentur. Poëtæ tres egregij nunc primum in lucem editi. Gratij, qui Augusto principe floruit ","a":"Stayner, Heinrich","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"field-crop","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"You, on a living sod,\nPlace a hearth; and call the genius of the place, and Faunus, and the Lar\nWith salted grain.","why":"The text instructs invoking the 'genius of the place' (genius loci), Faunus, and the Lar with sacrificial offerings on an altar of living sod before pasturing the flocks, explicitly recognizing a resident tutelary spirit","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0850c149638a50931b7443?page=90","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":100,"wd":"c. 1–350","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1,"wt":350},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1615,"ye":null,"t":"Tractatus posthumus Jani Jacobi Boissardi ... De divinatione &amp; magicis praestigiis: quarum veritas ac vani","a":"Boissard, Jean Jacques","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"The God of the river, captivated by her beauty, received her on the shore and took her; from which she became pregnant and gave birth to Acestes, who became king of the Sicilians.","why":"The text explicitly states that the God of the river Crimnisus received Egesta and fathered Acestes with her, presenting a river deity tied to a specific river as an active person within classical mythological convention","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e106120d54bd037b2d8?page=199","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1573,"wd":"1543–1602, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1543,"wt":1602},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1533,"ye":null,"t":"Pontani Opera. Vrania, siue De stellis libri quinque. Meteororum liber unus. De hortis Hesperidum libri duo. L","a":"Pontano, Giovanni Gioviano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Come here, Dryad companions, and hasten, you Napaeae <gloss>nymphs of the wooded valleys</gloss>, mindful of the shadows, and of the dances performed in the mountains, and double your wailing, and intensify the bitter mourning.","why":"The passage directly addresses Dryads and Napaeae as nymphs tied to trees, wooded valleys, and mountains, calling upon them as personal beings who dance in the mountains and join in mourning.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085c4d49638a50931ccf0a?page=379","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1739,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Vol. I","a":"Girolamo Fracastoro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"First of all they greet the unknown land, and the native\nNymphs, and the Genius of the place, and you, gold-bearing River,","why":"In poetic convention, the voyagers greet the native nymphs, the genius of the place, and directly address the local river as a dwelling or personified spirit tied to that specific place.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0f3c71c0dcb762286c99?page=87","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1523,"wd":"1493–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1493,"wt":1553},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1551,"ye":null,"t":"On the Origins of Etruria","a":"Guillaume Postel","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"He binds his temples with a leafy branch, and prays to the Genius of the place, and to Tellus the first of the Gods, and to the Nymphs, and to the unknown rivers,” etc.","why":"The text reports ancient Etruscan rites and Virgil's account of Aeneas invoking and praying to the Genius of the place, Tellus, nymphs, and rivers, treating places and natural features as spirits or beings with whom huma","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21d87b7c52df2b4f2a204?page=184","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1538,"wd":"1525–1551, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1525,"wt":1551},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1739,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Vol. I","a":"Girolamo Fracastoro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The Naiad Callirhoe, pitiful of young lovers,\nTook it and immersed it in the lovely, cold stream.","why":"The poem presents the Naiad Callirhoe as a water nymph dwelling at the stream on the shore of Baia, whose mythological action with Cupid's torch explains the boiling thermal waters of Baia.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0f3c71c0dcb762286c99?page=250","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1523,"wd":"1493–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1493,"wt":1553},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1881,"ye":null,"t":"Commentary on the Poems of Virgil, Vol. I","a":"Servius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"THE GENIUS OF THE PLACE, because, as we have said, no place is without a genius.","why":"Servius affirms that every place possesses a genius ('genius of the place, because, as we have said, no place is without a genius'), presenting places as inherently inhabited by a guardian spirit tied to that location.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af2335c6df16b7172a9b0b?page=708","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":439,"wd":"378–500, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":378,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1738,"ye":null,"t":"Description of China, Korea, and Tibet","a":"Du Halde","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"They would then command that the assistance of the Shan, Chwen, and Shé tsi be implored by everyone, and they themselves prayed for the sake of the people.","why":"The passage, excerpted in Du Halde's missionary ethnography of China, reports the imperial practice of imploring the assistance of the spirits of the mountains, rivers, and local territories (Shan, Chwen, and Shé tsi) du","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69eb09aa357a59f9cb67e2d8?page=693","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1735,"wd":"1735","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1735,"wt":1735},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1553,"ye":null,"t":"On Origins, or the Various History of the Whole East","a":"Guillaume Postel","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Therefore, extreme caution was taken so that the original names of cities were not known by their proper name, lest their genius be summoned away.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the belief that cities (specifically Rome) have a protective genius or divine power tied to the place that could be summoned away through ritual, explaining the practice of keeping the ci","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952592bab34727b1f045d04?page=49","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1539,"wd":"1525–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1525,"wt":1553},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1553,"ye":null,"t":"On Origins, or the Various History of the Whole East","a":"Guillaume Postel","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"the Etruscan was like a more secret tradition or Kabbalah, through which all names could be summoned, and the spirits of places could especially be incited to rebellion.","why":"The passage explicitly reports on Etruscan esoteric tradition wherein spirits tied to locations ('genia locorum', spirits of places) could be summoned by name and incited to rebellion, presenting local places as the dwel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6952592bab34727b1f045d04?page=62","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1539,"wd":"1525–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1525,"wt":1553},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1895,"ye":null,"t":"The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism","a":"L. Austine Waddell","lg":"English","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"When they die, they become tree-spirits, and these trees later emit \"unpleasant sounds.\"","why":"The passage explicitly states that when the continent's inhabitants die, they become tree-spirits inhabiting the trees, which subsequently emit sounds. The author reports this mythological belief from an outsider/ethnogr","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5529b1e2c2347112f0ea1?page=109","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1895,"wd":"1895","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1895,"wt":1895},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1895,"ye":null,"t":"The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism","a":"L. Austine Waddell","lg":"English","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Others, more malicious, called Gnyan, haunt certain trees, rocks, and springs.","why":"The text explicitly describes spirits called Gnyan that inhabit natural features (trees, rocks, and springs) and are appeased by people with offerings, reported from an ethnographic outsider perspective.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5529b1e2c2347112f0ea1?page=408","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1895,"wd":"1895","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1895,"wt":1895},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1895,"ye":null,"t":"The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism","a":"L. Austine Waddell","lg":"English","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Small cairns <note>piles of stones</note> topped with a few sticks and rags are left by travelers as offerings to the spirits of the place <note>original: genius loci</note>.","why":"The passage explicitly reports an ethnographic rite where travelers leave offerings at cairns for 'the spirits of the place' (genius loci), presenting the place as inhabited by localized spirits with whom humans interact","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5529b1e2c2347112f0ea1?page=298","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1895,"wd":"1895","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1895,"wt":1895},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1895,"ye":null,"t":"The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism","a":"L. Austine Waddell","lg":"English","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"A small quantity of flour, grain, meat, and beer is offered to the local spirit <note>original: genius loci</note> of the hilltop by sprinkling them around while saying:","why":"The passage documents an ethnographic rite in which food and drink offerings are scattered and addressed directly ('So! So! Take! Take!') to the local spirit (genius loci) tied to the hilltop.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5529b1e2c2347112f0ea1?page=452","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1895,"wd":"1895","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1895,"wt":1895},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"malay-folk","c":"cave","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The caves in the limestone hill Gunong Pondok, in Perak, are said to be haunted by a genius loci (spirit of the place) in the form of a snake who is popularly called Si Bujang.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic belief that the caves of the limestone hill Gunong Pondok are haunted by a genius loci (spirit of the place) manifested as a snake named Si Bujang.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=42","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"The Gold spirit is supposed to take the shape of a kijang or roe-deer (hence the tradition of a golden roe-deer being found at Raub in Pahang).","why":"The passage reports Malay beliefs in spirits residing in minerals, specifically describing the Gold spirit as taking the form of a roe-deer tied to traditions in Raub in Pahang, accompanied by mining invocations.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=289","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"At the time of the opening of a mine, he has to erect a genggulang (altar) and call upon the guardian spirits of the locality to assist in the enterprise.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic ritual practice of a mine's pawang (magician) who erects an altar at the opening of a mine to invoke the 'guardian spirits of the locality' to assist in the enterprise, presenting the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=294","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the locality","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"malay-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"One of the local Pawangs (medicine men) would then take a hatchet (běliong) and deliver several shrewd blows upon the trunk of the tree, saying:—\n\n> \"Will you now bear fruit or not?\n> If you do not, I shall fell you.\"","why":"The passage describes an ethnographic report of a traditional ceremony (Měnyemah durian) where a durian tree is directly addressed, threatened, and responds as a person with whom humans enter into dialogue.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=234","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"malay-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"You dwell in the mountain crag, \"The Associate\" is your name,","why":"The ethnographic text records a Malay incantation directly addressing a spirit dwelling in the mountain crag ('The Associate') with whom the speaker shares a binding oath.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=675","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"malay-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"Hey, Toh Mentala Guru Sakti who is in the forest,","why":"The passage records an ethnographic text of an 'Invocation of the Earth-Spirit' addressing Toh Mentala Guru Sakti, an earth/forest spirit dwelling in the forest, with whom the speaker establishes a reciprocal sibling rel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=673","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1680,"ye":null,"t":"On the Syrian Gods","a":"Selden, John","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"See Tacitus, Book 14 of the Annals, and Johannes Saubertus in On Sacrifices, page 118, chapter 5, where he calls springs \"sacred\" because of the Nymphs who preside over them.","why":"The passage explicitly reports Saubertus stating that springs are considered sacred because of the Nymphs who preside over them, presenting natural springs as presided over by spirits tied to those places.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a642bb981745f5fac1d74?page=573","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1627,"wd":"1599–1654, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1599,"wt":1654},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"They lived in familiar contact with the living and powerful souls of their dead ancestors and with the spirits of the stream and grove, plain and mountain.","why":"The text describes early and traditional peoples as living in familiar social relation with the spirits of streams, groves, plains, and mountains, as well as personified natural features like the living Sea and personal ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=199","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"It is told that in the hollow of a specific sacred rock lives an oki or spirit who can grant success to travelers.","why":"The passage explicitly reports a missionary account of Huron belief and practice wherein a spirit (oki) dwells inside a specific sacred rock and receives tobacco offerings and prayers from travelers for safety and succes","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=222","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"manitou","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"The Talein people of Burma offer prayers to a tree’s kaluk, its inhabiting spirit or soul, before cutting it down.","why":"The text explicitly reports an ethnographic practice where the Talein people offer prayers to a tree's inhabiting spirit (kaluk) before felling it, presenting the tree as the dwelling of a spirit with whom humans interac","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=231","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"demon-harmful","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"A Karen person crossing a fever-haunted jungle shudders in the grip of the spiteful phi and runs to lay an offering by the tree where he last rested, believing the malaria-spirit came down from its boughs to attack him.","why":"The passage reports the Karen belief and practice of laying an offering by a specific tree where the traveler rested, believing the spirit (phi) came down from its boughs to attack him, treating the tree as the dwelling ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=236","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"In Russia, the Lyeshy <term>a Slavic forest spirit or wood-demon</term> still protects the birds and beasts in his territory.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the Lyeshy as a Russian Slavic forest spirit protecting animals in his territory, who interacts with hunters (hunting luck depends on how he is treated) and receives sacrifices (first gam","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=242","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"In Siberia, the Yakuts worship the bear in common with the spirits of the forest, bowing toward his favorite haunts with appropriate phrases of prose and verse in praise of the bravery and generosity of their \"beloved uncle.\"","why":"The passage directly reports that the Yakuts worship the bear alongside forest spirits, addressing the animal as their 'beloved uncle' with praises of bravery and generosity, thus treating the animal/forest spirit as a p","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=245","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"They viewed it as the \"grandfather\" and king of snakes—a divine protector capable of granting fair winds or causing tempests.²","why":"The text reports outsider ethnographical accounts of Native Americans revering the rattlesnake (an animal) as a person and relation ('grandfather' and 'king of snakes') and divine protector with whom humans stand in rela","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=253","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"Among the Land Dayaks of Borneo, the common spirits consist of the souls of the dead and beings that live in the ancient forests on high hills, or those that linger around villages to consume stores of rice.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic belief of the Land Dayaks of Borneo that common spirits include beings that live in ancient forests on high hills, presenting natural places (forests on hills) as the dwellings of local s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=263","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"It was Zeus who rained, who thundered, who snowed, who hailed, who sent the lightning, who gathered the clouds, who let loose the winds, who held the rainbow.","why":"The passage explicitly reports ancient Indo-European and Greek beliefs identifying the sky and weather phenomena (rain, thunder, snow, clouds) as the personal being Zeus/Dyaus ('Zeus the sky and Zeus the god are wedded t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=272","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"This refers to the ancient goddess of the underworld whom people would ask to make the grass grow thick and the grain stalks rise high, or might even beg to rise out of the ground in person to give them strength.","why":"The passage reports the Finnish belief in Maan emo (Earth's mother), a divine being dwelling in and ruling the physical earth, whom people would petition to make grass and crops grow or ask to rise out of the ground in p","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=286","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"These spirits live in field and forest, mountain and valley; they inhabit the air and water.","why":"The passage explicitly reports West African (Slave Coast) religious belief wherein spirits inhabit fields, forests, mountains, valleys, air, and water, standing in personal relations to humans as kind, hostile, or patron","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=264","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Her chariot, drawn by cows, passed through the land, creating a season of peace and joy wherever she went.","why":"The passage describes Nerthus ('Mother Earth') as a goddess who rides in a cow-drawn chariot, interacts with humans, and has a sacred grove on an island, reported here as the religious belief and practice of the Germanic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=287","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1554,"ye":null,"t":"Catullus, with a Commentary by Marc-Antoine Muret","a":"Manuzio, Paolo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"So then, having spoken, he binds his temples with a leafy branch, and prays to the spirit of the place, and to Earth, the first of the gods, and to the Nymphs, and to the rivers not yet known.","why":"The passage from Virgil explicitly depicts prayer and ritual offered to the spirit of the place (genius loci), Earth, the Nymphs, and local rivers, addressing them as localized beings/spirits tied to the land and waters ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a085a4149638a50931c8e2a?page=99","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":-20,"wd":"c. 60 BCE–15","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-60,"wt":15},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1688,"ye":null,"t":"Dissertation on the Natural Knowledge of Angelic Existence","a":"Wagner, Bernhard; Silberrad, Johann Paul","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"Indeed, they not only placed certain angels over individual provinces and cities, but also taught that the stewardships of Genii were distributed through mountains (ι), valleys, groves, fountains, and rivers, as the Gentiles were persuaded.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the Gentiles believed the stewardships of Genii were distributed through natural places—mountains, valleys, groves, fountains, and rivers—as topical and tutelary spirits (Genius loci/n","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e22cf111105c42976f7?page=12","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1688,"wd":"1688","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1688,"wt":1688},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1891,"ye":null,"t":"Le serpent de la Genèse. Première septaine (livre I). Le temple de Satan","a":"Guaita, Stanislas de","lg":"French","tr":"european-folk","c":"house-hearth","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Some people consider the bat to be the protective deity of houses, the genius loci <gloss>spirit of the place</gloss>, which one must be careful not to destroy or even frighten away.","why":"The passage reports the belief of other cultures (specifically noting the Carib people) who regard the bat as a protective deity of houses, a genius loci (spirit of the place), and a household god that must not be harmed","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c89a626c6f3cc53c85d135","fm":true,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1884,"wd":"1876–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1891},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Veda","a":"Hermann Oldenberg","lg":"French","tr":"hindu","c":"other","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Ants, too, become ubiquitous demons: in a conjuration against them, an offering is made \"to the king of the white ants in the east, to the king of the black ants in the south,\" etc.²","why":"The passage describes a Vedic conjuration ritual in which ants (animals) are treated as demonic beings with rulers ('king of the white ants', 'king of the black ants') who receive offerings, reported from an external sch","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907d225f855ec553e78ee2?page=90","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1886,"wd":"1869–1903, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1903},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"The Yoruba-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa","a":"A.B. Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"From his palace, Shango hurls upon those who have offended him red-hot chains of iron, which are forged for him by his brother Ogun, god of the river Ogun, of iron and of war; but this, it should be observed, is seemingly a modern notion, and the red-hot chains furnished by Ogun have a suspicious resemblance to the thunderbolts of Jupiter, forged by Vulcan.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies Ogun as a personal divine figure ('brother' of Shango who forges chains) and specifically as the 'god of the river Ogun' (a river god tied to a specific body of water). The account is et","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e009f1846d79f28d567169?page=63","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1894,"wd":"1894","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1894,"wt":1894},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Veda","a":"Hermann Oldenberg","lg":"French","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The sylvan spirit does not like anyone to cut the branches of its tree: it says to a monk preparing to cut a tree: \"Reverend, do not demolish my house to build one for yourself\"; and, in the end, it happens that a child of the sylvan spirit has its arm cut off.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Buddhist lore where a tree is treated as the dwelling ('house') of a sylvan spirit that speaks directly to a monk preparing to cut it down, presenting the tree as the home of a localized ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907d225f855ec553e78ee2?page=251","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1886,"wd":"1869–1903, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1903},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"On the Original Inhabitants of Bharatavarsa or India","a":"Gustav Oppert","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"In the North, he is revered in the Himalayas, which, personified as the god of the mountain, is the father of his wife Umā or Pārvatī.","why":"The text reports Hindu religious and mythological tradition in which the Himalayas, a specific mountain range, are personified as the god of the mountain and father of Umā (Pārvatī).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cb2554109373fedd9a3?page=392","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1872,"wd":"1851–1893, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1851,"wt":1893},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1558,"ye":null,"t":"Catullus, with the Commentary of Marc-Antoine Muret, Tibullus, and Propertius","a":"Manuzio, Paolo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"They did this because they believed that a certain genius <gloss>guardian spirit</gloss> presided over every place.","why":"The text reports the ancient custom and belief that a guardian spirit (genius loci) presides over every place, to whom people paid religious salutations and prayers upon entering a region.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0970afbf2196cdca904798?page=89","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":-20,"wd":"c. 60 BCE–15","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-60,"wt":15},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"Remnants of Arabic Paganism","a":"Julius Wellhausen","lg":"German","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Trees, caves, and springs are seats of the jinn; then they are dedicated to a deity.","why":"The text directly states that trees, caves, and springs serve as seats (dwellings) of the jinn, identified as spirits of the place (genius loci), reporting historical Arab religious beliefs from a scholarly outsider pers","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907943b621b177c1af5c7e?page=226","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1878,"wd":"1859–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1859,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1776,"ye":null,"t":"Dictionary of Heresies, Errors, and Schisms","a":"[Pluquet, François-André-Adrien]","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Houses and fields also had their Genii: the pious Aeneas never failed to offer a sacrifice to the Genius of the place.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the historical belief and practice that fields and places have their own spirits (the Genius of the place) with whom humans interact through sacrifice; the author writes from an outsider, h","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/698192090262143fe66eb184?page=56","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1754,"wd":"1731–1776, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1731,"wt":1776},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Sha","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"spring-well","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Offer burnt incense and summon the Black Naga King.","why":"The text describes an operative tantric ritual to summon the Black Naga King at a north-facing spring to afflict enemies with disease, treating the spring as the domain/dwelling of a naga spirit with whom ritualists inte","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e148311a9edd4621e634?page=299","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Sha","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Inspect a black triangular pit of a <term>sayam</term> <gloss>land-spirit</gloss>.","why":"The passage instructs the practitioner to locate a black triangular pit of a sayam (glossed as a land-spirit) and dig into it as part of a tantric suppression rite, presenting a feature of the land/earth as the dwelling ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e148311a9edd4621e634?page=448","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":720,"ye":null,"t":"Nihon Shoki (日本書紀, Chronicles of Japan), Vol. 1 (1599 woodblock)","a":"Prince Toneri","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"He reached the land of Izumo and said, \"The Central Land of Reed Plains was originally wild and desolate, and the rocks and trees were all fierce and violent, but I have subdued them, and now all is peaceful and orderly.\"","why":"The passage depicts the rocks and trees of the Central Land of Reed Plains as animate beings that were originally fierce and violent, requiring Ōnamuchi to subdue them to bring peace, directly portraying natural things a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dfedf18d34461cbe7f50ae?page=42","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":713,"wd":"691–735, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":691,"wt":735},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The old man replied, ‘Your servant is a deity of the earth, and his name is Ashinazuchi, son of the great God of the Mountain.","why":"The passage quotes Japanese myth where Ashinazuchi is explicitly identified as an earthly deity (kami) and son of the God of the Mountain, appearing in person as an old man who speaks, weeps, and interacts directly with ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=113","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"He took a great rock <note>Deified as Chi-gaheshi no Oho-kami (The Great Deity who sends back from the road).</note> and blocked the pass with it, pronouncing at the same time the proclamation of divorce—namely, ‘Our relationship is severed.’","why":"The text explicitly notes that the great rock used to block the pass was 'Deified as Chi-gaheshi no Oho-kami (The Great Deity who sends back from the road),' presenting a natural physical object (a rock) as a deity/kami ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=104","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"kami","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Another name for this deity, Okunitama, or \"Great Land Spirit,\" is more meaningful.","why":"The passage explains that Okunitama translates to 'Great Land Spirit' and identifies this deity as one of the Kuni-dama (earth deities or spirits of the land), reporting Japanese Shinto beliefs from a scholarly, outsider","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=154","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Most significant mountains have their own deity.","why":"The text states outright under 'Mountain-Gods' that 'Most significant mountains have their own deity' (which can be specific to that mountain alone and may take the form of a serpent), affirming natural places (mountains","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=157","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"After praying to the Mountain God, the Imbe used a sacred <note>original: \"imi\"</note> axe to cut down the trees needed for shrines.","why":"The passage describes a Shinto ritual where the Imbe guild prayed to the Mountain God prior to cutting down trees for shrines, documenting a relation between people and a spirit tied to a natural place from an outsider s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=212","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The Urabe <note>a guild of diviners</note> went to the mountain where the timber was to be harvested and worshipped the God of the mountain.","why":"The passage describes diviners (Urabe) visiting the specific mountain where timber was to be harvested and worshipping the God of the mountain before felling trees, presenting the mountain as associated with a place-tied","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=282","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"bDud rtsi sman sgrub skor","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Even the torn red cliffs of the Nyan spirits are cleansed today with incense and marks.","why":"The text explicitly identifies cliffs, trees, and earth as belonging to or inhabited by Nyan spirits, prescribing ritual cleansing with incense to repair and maintain relations with them after disturbance.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e782ccd93c1f6007504af7?page=150","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1600–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"dBang bskur gcod ki zhal gdams","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"If a Nyen, Land-spirit, or Rock-spirit harms, sleep in thickets, on boulders, in meadows, or where water drips and seeps.","why":"The text explicitly associates specific spirits tied to natural features and the landscape—namely Nyen, Land-spirits, and Rock-spirits—with their respective haunts (thickets, boulders, meadows, seeping waters), and provi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e761fbcc48e59ad74f2a03?page=84","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"land spirit","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Shinto: The Way of the Gods","a":"W. G. Aston","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The wood-Gods and mountain-Gods were also worshipped before the timber was cut for building their ship.","why":"The passage describes a ritual in which wood-gods and mountain-gods were worshipped before timber was cut for shipbuilding, presenting natural features (woods and mountains) as inhabited by deities tied to those places w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799259c453700d93c28e?page=325","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"kami","yw":1881,"wd":"1856–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1856,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"The Chinese Classics, Vol. 1: Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean","a":"James Legge","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Confucius said, \"Alas! will you say that the T'âi mountain is not so discerning as Lin Fang?\"","why":"The passage describes a sacrificial rite offered to Mount Tai and presents the mountain as a conscious entity possessing discernment regarding ritual propriety and whether to accept an improper sacrifice.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a087e84b2a99026ccf6f2ec?page=176","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":-400,"wd":"c. 500–300 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-500,"wt":-300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"The Chinese Classics, Vol. 1: Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean","a":"James Legge","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The term Shê <gloss>altars of the spirits of the land</gloss> is derived from the characters for spirit and soil; it means the resting-place or altars of the spirits of the ground.","why":"The text and commentary explicitly discuss the altars of the spirits of the land (Shê), described as the resting-place or altars of the spirits of the ground, which represents the land as the dwelling of localized spirit","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a087e84b2a99026ccf6f2ec?page=182","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-400,"wd":"c. 500–300 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-500,"wt":-300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"The Sacred Books of China: Li Ki, Part 2 (SBE Vol. 28)","a":"James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"They are also used when sacrificing to the spirits of the hills and streams, and to the general spiritual forces of nature.","why":"The text describes ceremonies and music being used in ritual sacrifice to the spirits of the hills and streams, directly presenting these natural features as associated with spirits with whom people maintain a ritual rel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246adbc722ec0ee810bd9?page=115","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 3rd century BCE-1st century CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-300,"wt":100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"The Sacred Books of China: Li Ki, Part 1 (SBE Vol. 27)","a":"James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The Grand Minister will charge the Officer of Prayer and the Recorder to announce the name all round, at the five altars of the house, and at those (to the spirits) of the hills and streams.","why":"The passage describes a formal rite in which the Officer of Prayer announces the name of the ruler's newborn heir at the altars of the hills and streams (as well as the land), treating these natural domains and their spi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246acbc722ec0ee8109a9?page=347","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 3rd century BCE-1st century CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-300,"wt":100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"The Sacred Books of China: Li Ki, Part 1 (SBE Vol. 27)","a":"James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The Son of Heaven sacrificed to all the famous hills and great rivers under the sky.","why":"The passage describes institutionalized rites wherein the Son of Heaven sacrifices directly to famous hills and great rivers, treating these natural features as persons by formally according them courtly ranks and sacrif","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246acbc722ec0ee8109a9?page=259","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 3rd century BCE-1st century CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-300,"wt":100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷十九之三 (vol 377)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"It also states in the Sacrifice at the Altar section that the spirits of the land and grain receive the Da Lao.","why":"The passage quotes the Book of Rites recording sacrificial offerings (the Da Lao) given at the altar to the spirits of the land and grain, representing the land/soil as spirits with whom people stand in a ritual relation","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63c539b4508b04e23167?page=36","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1540,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur mDo sde Kha","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"May the local lords <note>spirits of the land</note> practice according to the Dharma and remain respectful toward the position of the subjects' leader.","why":"The text invokes the local lords (spirits of the land) in a prayer, asking them to practice the Dharma and respect the leader, presenting spirits tied to the place as persons capable of moral action and social relations.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aae65f1a22ab19a8f3de?page=419","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":150,"wd":"c. 400 BCE–700, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-400,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Sacred Books of China: Shu King, Shih King (SBE Vol. 3)","a":"James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"You who obey my orders shall be rewarded before (the spirits of) my ancestors; and you who disobey my orders shall be put to death before the altar of the spirits of the land, and I will also put to death your children.","why":"The passage explicitly mentions 'the altar of the spirits of the land' before whom the speaker executes punishments, depicting spirits tied to the land/earth with whom humans stand in an active ritual relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246e3a2d148700357d7d9?page=119","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-700,"wd":"c. 1000–500 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-1000,"wt":-500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1872,"ye":null,"t":"The Chinese Classics Vol. 5: The Ch'un Ts'ew with the Tso Chuen (Spring and Autumn Annals with Zuo Commentary)","a":"James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"From this we may perceive that T'ae-t'ae is the Spirit of the Fun.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies T'ae-t'ae as the Spirit of the Fun River, an ancestral figure tied to the waterway who receives sacrificial offerings relating to river conditions and natural disasters.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992596b3d2d40d1b058df2b?page=378","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":-450,"wd":"c. 481 BCE (annals); Zuo c. 4th c. BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-500,"wt":-300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1893,"ye":null,"t":"The Chinese Classics, Vol. 2: The Works of Mencius","a":"James Legge","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"When the sacrificial victims have been perfect, the millet in its vessels all pure, and the sacrifices offered at their proper seasons, if yet there ensue drought, or the waters overflow, the spirits of the land and grain are changed, and others appointed in their place.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the spirits of the land and grain (sheji) as beings tied to the soil and crops, receiving seasonal animal sacrifices and grain offerings in a reciprocal ritual relation, and subject to be","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a087e8cb2a99026ccf6f4fd?page=496","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-300,"wd":"c. 320–290 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-320,"wt":-290},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"Sacred Books of the East: General Index (SBE Vol. 50)","a":"F. Max Müller (ed.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"offered to tutelary spirits of the land, 39, 382;","why":"The index explicitly references offerings made to tutelary spirits of the land in the context of traditional sacrificial rites (referencing Chinese classics/Taoist texts in SBE 39).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246d6bc722ec0ee814ea5?page=514","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1910,"wd":"1910","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1910,"wt":1910},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷五十一之三 (vol 634)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"In autumn, they repay the spirits of the Land and Grain.","why":"The passage records the traditional autumn rite of thanksgiving to the spirits of the Land and Grain (the lord of the soil and grain spirits), presenting the land as governed by spirits with whom humans maintain an activ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c64c739b4508b04e29f89?page=12","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"Sacred Books of the East: General Index (SBE Vol. 50)","a":"F. Max Müller (ed.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Than-fu raised a temple to the spirits of the land, 3, 384, 385 n.;","why":"The index explicitly references a rite/historical tradition where Than-fu raised a temple to the spirits of the land, recognizing the land/earth as associated with localized spirits with whom humans maintain a ritual rel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246d6bc722ec0ee814ea5?page=599","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1910,"wd":"1910","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1910,"wt":1910},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"A Journey in Southern Siberia: The Mongols, Their Religion and Their Myths","a":"Jeremiah Curtin","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"\"The spirits of the mountains,\" our guide explained, \"are not to be trifled with. They demand respect, for they hold the keys to the prosperity of our herds and the health of our children.\"","why":"The passage directly reports the local belief that the spirits of the mountains demand respect and influence herd prosperity and human health, presenting mountains as dwellings of spirits with whom people stand in relati","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259453d2d40d1b058c03d?page=27","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1878,"wd":"1850–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1850,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"A Journey in Southern Siberia: The Mongols, Their Religion and Their Myths","a":"Jeremiah Curtin","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Through rhythmic drumming and trance-like states, they seek to appease the ongons—the spirits of ancestors and nature—who are believed to reside in the mountains, rivers, and even the hearth fires of the yurts.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the ongons (spirits of ancestors and nature) reside in natural places and features (mountains, rivers, and hearth fires) and that shamans seek to appease them through ritual drumming a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259453d2d40d1b058c03d?page=395","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"the earth is our mother","yw":1878,"wd":"1850–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1850,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"A Journey in Southern Siberia: The Mongols, Their Religion and Their Myths","a":"Jeremiah Curtin","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The spirit of the mountain is the guardian of the herd; to offend it is to invite the winter's harshest breath upon the flock.","why":"The passage directly describes the spirit of the mountain as a guardian tied to a specific natural feature that can be offended and retaliates, representing a localized spirit with whom humans have an active relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259453d2d40d1b058c03d?page=405","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1878,"wd":"1850–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1850,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"A Journey in Southern Siberia: The Mongols, Their Religion and Their Myths","a":"Jeremiah Curtin","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Through rhythmic drumming and trance-like states, they seek to appease the ongons: spirits of ancestors and nature—who are believed to reside in the mountains, rivers, and the very hearths of the yurts.","why":"The passage describes ethnographic observations of Mongolian shamanic practice, reporting that shamans appease ongons (spirits of nature and ancestors) believed to inhabit mountains, rivers, and yurt hearths.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259453d2d40d1b058c03d?page=406","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"the earth is our mother","yw":1878,"wd":"1850–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1850,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"A Journey in Southern Siberia: The Mongols, Their Religion and Their Myths","a":"Jeremiah Curtin","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Travelers and herdsmen alike offer prayers and small tokens—strips of blue cloth, coins, or grains—to appease the spirits of the land and ensure safe passage.","why":"The passage explicitly reports an ethnographical rite wherein travelers and herdsmen offer prayers and physical tokens (cloth, coins, grain) at stone cairns at mountain passes to appease the spirits of the land for safe ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259453d2d40d1b058c03d?page=403","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1878,"wd":"1850–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1850,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十三~卷三十六 (vol 112)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Worshiping the spirit of the river.","why":"The passage quotes Yang Xiong's 'Ganquan Ode' describing a sacrificial rite worshiping the spirit of the river (河神/水神), noting that divine forms descend as the river spirit is praised and offered gifts.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c660f39b4508b04e317cc?page=16","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十三~卷三十六 (vol 112)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"I personally offered sacrifices to the Sovereign Earth and the spirits of the land.","why":"The passage records an imperial edict describing a sacrificial rite offered to Sovereign Earth and the spirits of the land, treating the earth and land as divine persons/spirits with whom humans maintain a ritual relatio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c660f39b4508b04e317cc?page=9","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十三~卷三十六 (vol 112)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"He sought an omen regarding his fate from the Mountain God and dreamed of three oxen fighting in the courtyard.","why":"The text describes Mei Xun seeking an omen regarding his future from the Mountain God of Mount Tai and receiving a prophetic dream, directly presenting a mountain god tied to a specific sacred mountain with whom a person","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c660f39b4508b04e317cc?page=78","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1861,"ye":null,"t":"論語 (Analects): Chinese Classics Vol. 1","a":"Confucius (ed. James Legge)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"It was the prerogative of the princes to sacrifice to the hills and rivers within their jurisdictions;—here was the chief of Chuen-yu, imperially appointed (the 'former king' is probably 成, the second emperor of the Chow dynasty) to be the lord of the Mung mountain, that is, to preside over the sacrifices offered to it.","why":"The commentary explicitly describes the traditional Chinese rite wherein princes have the prerogative to sacrifice to the hills and rivers within their jurisdictions, specifically noting that the chief of Chuen-yu was ap","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e8b24d2ff2a8dc09e77295?page=326","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-450,"wd":"c. 479–400 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-479,"wt":-400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1861,"ye":null,"t":"論語 (Analects): Chinese Classics Vol. 1","a":"Confucius (ed. James Legge)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"If the calf of a brindled cow be red and horned, although man may not wish to use it, would the spirits of the mountains and rivers put it aside?","why":"Confucius speaks of the spirits of the mountains and rivers (山川) accepting sacrificial offerings, treating mountains and rivers as the domains or dwellings of localized spirits with whom humans stand in ritual relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e8b24d2ff2a8dc09e77295?page=204","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":-450,"wd":"c. 479–400 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-479,"wt":-400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1891,"ye":null,"t":"Tao Te Ching","a":"Lao Tzu / James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"daoist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"When Mr. Shih was returning, the altar-oak appeared to him in a dream, and said, ‘What other tree will you compare with me?","why":"The passage presents a specific sacred tree (the altar-oak) appearing in a dream to speak directly, reflecting on its own life, purpose, and relationship with humans as an altar tree, thus being treated as a conscious pe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699209e4a0b3f4095802ecec?page=246","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-300,"wd":"Tao Te Ching, 4th-3rd century BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-400,"wt":-200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷五: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 188)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The Grand Invocator <note>a high-ranking ritual official</note> handles the state’s <term>Great Calamity</term> <gloss>Dagu</gloss> by performing expansive sacrifices to the spirits of the land and grain and conducting prayer rites.","why":"The passage describes an official ritual handled by the Grand Invocator, who performs expansive sacrifices and prayer rites to the spirits of the land and grain (sheji) to address state calamities such as pestilence, flo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c60a340c88a541d8e939a?page=93","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1861,"ye":null,"t":"孟子 (Mencius): Chinese Classics Vol. 2","a":"Mencius (ed. James Legge)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"When the sacrificial victims have been perfect, the millet in its vessels all pure, and the sacrifices offered at their proper seasons, if yet there ensue drought, or the waters overflow, the spirits of the land and grain are changed, and others appointed in their place.","why":"The passage describes the traditional state rites to the spirits of the land and grain (sheji), presenting them as localized spirits tied to the soil and crops with whom humans maintain a reciprocal sacrificial relations","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e8b2562ff2a8dc09e774b0?page=504","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-310,"wd":"c. 320–290 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-320,"wt":-290},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷三十之一 (vol 445)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"field-crop","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The eleventh month refers to the spring plowing of the sacred field to pray to the spirits of the land and grain.","why":"The passage describes a ritual of plowing the sacred field to pray to the spirits of the land (the soil/earth) and grain, presenting the land and grain as entities/dwellings of spirits (lords of the soil) with whom peopl","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c640e39b4508b04e23dad?page=123","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十二~卷三十四 (vol 10)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The Emperor saw the Mountain God greeting him from several miles away.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the Emperor encountering the Mountain God (of Mount Hua, stopping at Huayin) appearing as a person ('The Third Son', wearing red hair and purple clothes, bowing under a large cypress tree","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654baf3c49b59c5cb4ed?page=131","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"At the Back of the Black Man's Mind","a":"R. E. Dennett","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"It is to this “power” that Maluango, after consultation with NGANGA MPUKU NYAMBI, sends offerings of chalk, cloth, and skins.","why":"The passage identifies Bunzi as the South wind with a home in the province of Muanda, describing a ritual relationship in which Maluango sends offerings of chalk, cloth, and skins to this entity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079dcdb8b55d19ec68180?page=155","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred grove","yw":1889,"wd":"1872–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1839,"ye":null,"t":"Algic Researches, Vol. 2","a":"Henry Rowe Schoolcraft","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"I have a loyal friend among the guardian spirits of our nation who lives on an island toward the south.","why":"The passage describes an island toward the south as the dwelling place of a guardian spirit with whom relational ties and spiritual assistance are maintained, reported as an Indigenous legend by ethnologist Henry Rowe Sc","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907ce41a092dfd1d9c37b7?page=436","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"appease the spirits","yw":1824,"wd":"1808–1839, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1808,"wt":1839},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":2018,"ye":null,"t":"地藏菩薩本願經 : 二卷 (Di zang pu sa ben yuan jing : er juan. 2)","a":"Sichanantuo yi (實叉難陀譯)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"This will naturally cause the local spirits of the land to provide boundless protection.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that the earth/land is inhabited by local spirits of the land (lords of the soil) who provide protection to humans in response to moral conduct (performing good deeds and refraining from ki","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f13487365e3fcae574edba?page=16","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":699,"wd":"c. 695–700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":695,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1839,"ye":null,"t":"Algic Researches, Vol. 2","a":"Henry Rowe Schoolcraft","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"He traveled the entire circuit of Lake Michigan and then went across to Lake Huron, visiting every high place and waterfall famous as a residence for spirits.","why":"The passage explicitly describes high places and waterfalls as residences inhabited by spirits (Manitos) of the land, who receive offerings and verbally respond to humans, recorded here ethnographically by Schoolcraft fr","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907ce41a092dfd1d9c37b7?page=434","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1824,"wd":"1808–1839, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1808,"wt":1839},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十三~卷三十六 (vol 112)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"The Son of Heaven presented the jade disk to the River Master, Bo Yao.","why":"The passage from the Records of King Mu directly depicts the Son of Heaven offering a ritual jade disk to Bo Yao, the River Master (He Bo) of the Yellow River, presenting the river's spirit as a personal deity tied to th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c660f39b4508b04e317cc?page=172","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十三之十三 (vol 519)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The commentary explains that \"achieving\" means bringing the spirits of the land and grain together, and \"attaching\" means establishing successors for the ancestors.","why":"The passage quotes the Classic of Poetry and its commentary detailing sacrificial rites to the Earth and the spirits of the land and grain (the lords of the soil and grain), presenting the land as animated by territorial","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c645739b4508b04e26377?page=53","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"Yi King (Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 16)","a":"James Legge (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"He will be like the sincere worshipper, who is not startled into letting go his ladle and cup of sacrificial spirits:\"—he makes his appearance, and maintains his ancestral temple and the altars of the spirits of the land and grain, as presiding at all sacrifices.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to a rite involving the maintenance of 'the altars of the spirits of the land and grain' and presiding at sacrifices to them, directly presenting spirits tied to the land/soil and grain with","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699065623dc2ed39a49f0c60?page=288","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":-700,"wd":"c. 1000–300 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-1000,"wt":-300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1851,"ye":null,"t":"On the Things of Heaven and the Afterlife","a":"Gustav Theodor Fechner","lg":"German","tr":"native-american","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"The Sioux <note>Original: Nadowessier</note> also consider the sun to be the creator; they sacrifice the best of their hunt to it, offer the first smoke of their pipes, and","why":"The passage describes an ethnographic report of the Sioux regarding the sun as a creator and personal being, entering into a direct relationship with it through sacrifices of their hunt and offerings of pipe smoke.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906312e7b7642c081de690?page=87","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"manitou","yw":1834,"wd":"1816–1851, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1816,"wt":1851},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百二十四: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 305)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"During the Square Mound Ceremony, on the western side of the midday steps, the Earth Spirit, the Sovereign of the Earth, and the Zhongyue <gloss>the Central Peak, Mount Song</gloss> are positioned.","why":"The passage details the official state Square Mound ritual in the History of Jin, where Zhongyue (the Central Peak, Mount Song) is positioned on the altar alongside the Earth Spirit and other natural spirits to receive s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c611a40c88a541d8edac1?page=56","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷四~卷七 (vol 2)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"sky-weather","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"They must offer sacrifices to the Dragon King before their vision returns to normal.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic custom of the kingdom of Persia, where people suffer from snow-blindness during winter snows and must offer sacrifices to the Dragon King to restore their sight, treating the Dragon King ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654439b4508b04e2d9ea?page=49","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Bi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Such a fierce Naga resides in the place called the Powerful Mountain, which emerges as a fragrant scent.","why":"The text explicitly describes a fierce Naga (Gzhon nu gtum po) who resides at specific natural locations (the Powerful Mountain / fragrant mountain and Lake Manasarovar), possessing miraculous powers that directly affect","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e165311a9edd46220750?page=230","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Bi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"In the first eon of the past, in the northern direction of Great Mount Meru, near the seven golden mountains, near the seven great oceans of play, beyond nine mountain ranges, near the place of fragrant scents, there is a poisonous Naga lake called the Lake Without Heat","why":"The passage describes Lake Without Heat (Anavatapta) as a poisonous Naga lake where supreme Nagas dwell, and contains ritual exhortations addressing a Great Naga King who is called forth from the lake and bound by vows t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e165311a9edd46220750?page=302","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Bi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Command the <term>Nagaraja</term> <gloss>Naga King</gloss> to accomplish the treasure.","why":"The text describes a ritual requiring soil and water from 'a place where nagas dwell' and instructs the practitioner to make offerings to all the nagas and command the Naga King (Nagaraja) to accomplish treasure, treatin","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e165311a9edd46220750?page=334","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Bi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"spring-well","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"In the eighth month of summer, the Nagas come to the springs and pits.","why":"The passage describes the Nagas dwelling in the ocean and seasonally inhabiting springs and pits, where ritualists interact with, summon, and subjugate them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e165311a9edd46220750?page=482","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十三之十二 (vol 518)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Xue Neng, in his Poem on the Yellow River, wrote: When the <term>manifest omen</term> appeared, the tortoise once emerged; the hidden spirit of the river lord remains firm.","why":"Xue Neng's poem on the Yellow River specifically invokes the 'river lord' (Hebo), the deity/spirit tied to the Yellow River, presented within poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6457af3c49b59c5ca680?page=20","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十三之十二 (vol 518)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"The Spirit of the Sea <unclear>yielded it</unclear>, and the God of the River displayed an omen.","why":"The passage from Zou Xuan's poetic exposition explicitly names the 'Spirit of the Sea' and the 'God of the River' (classic river/sea deities such as Hebo and Hairen/Haipo) acting as beings tied to these bodies of water w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6457af3c49b59c5ca680?page=34","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1928,"ye":null,"t":"The Secret Teachings of All Ages","a":"Manly P. Hall","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The Hopi Indians consider the serpent to be in close communication with the Earth Spirit.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic/indigenous practice in which the Earth Spirit, tied to the earth, is treated as a person/spirit with whom the Hopi stand in direct relation by sending prayers via consecrated serpents.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5526e1e2c2347112f0300?page=252","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":1922,"wd":"1916–1928, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1916,"wt":1928},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 5: Demonology","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"I was kidnapped by the spirit of a large tree.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the woman was kidnapped by the spirit of a large tree, presenting the tree's spirit as a personal agent who abducts humans and attends audiences with mountain deities. As an ethnographi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907970b621b177c1af72d1?page=206","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1888,"wd":"1869–1907, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1907},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 5: Demonology","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"He placed the piece of bark on that spot and found that it fitted the notch perfectly, leaving no trace of a chip.","why":"The passage describes a tree-spectre tied directly to a specific Sterculia tree, where the creature's mouth and injury correspond to a cut and chipped bark on the tree itself, and with whom the monk interacts as a person","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907970b621b177c1af72d1?page=212","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1888,"wd":"1869–1907, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1907},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷七十七之二 (vol 589)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"In the Discourses of the States, it says that when the soil is turned, the spirits of the land provide assistance according to the season.","why":"The passage explicitly describes spirits tied to the land ('spirits of the land') who assist when the soil is worked, and notes that a seasonal rite ('the winter sacrifice') is performed in relation to them and the harve","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c649c39b4508b04e28862?page=94","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"An Encyclopaedia of Occultism","a":"Lewis Spence","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The willow-spirit often takes the form of a beautiful maiden and marries a human lover.","why":"The passage explicitly reports Japanese folklore and belief wherein a willow tree is inhabited by a spirit that takes the form of a maiden and enters into a personal relationship (marriage) with a human lover.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953c85b77f38f6761bdc00b?page=277","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1920,"wd":"1920","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1920,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"Records of the Grand Historian","a":"司馬遷 (Sima Qian)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Therefore, I traveled to sacrifice to the Earth Spirit, praying for grain for the people.","why":"The passage describes the Emperor traveling to make sacrificial offerings and pray for grain to the Earth Spirit, treating the earth as a spirit/deity with whom humans engage in a reciprocal ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a09f79aec7a5a72f8daafe5?page=858","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":-94,"wd":"c. 100–91 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-100,"wt":-91},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"An Encyclopaedia of Occultism","a":"Lewis Spence","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"I have the names of spirits inhabiting the glens and forests, but they ar","why":"The text quotes an ethnographical account by missionary Rev. W. E. Bromilow regarding beliefs at Dobu, New Guinea, explicitly describing spirits that inhabit specific natural places (glens and forests).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953c85b77f38f6761bdc00b?page=379","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1920,"wd":"1920","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1920,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"Records of the Grand Historian","a":"司馬遷 (Sima Qian)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"I followed the Emperor on his tours to sacrifice to the spirits of Heaven and Earth and the famous mountains and rivers, and participated in the Feng and Chan sacrifices.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Sima Qian took part in imperial sacrifices offered to the spirits of Earth and the famous mountains and rivers, directly testifying to ritual relations with spirits tied to those natura","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a09f79aec7a5a72f8daafe5?page=887","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":-94,"wd":"c. 100–91 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-100,"wt":-91},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1735,"ye":null,"t":"Horapollo: Hieroglyphica (1735)","a":"Horapollo","lg":"Latin","tr":"european-folk","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"Since this old fool consists, without any foundation, of invented secrets, dreamed-up dolls, and piled-up whims, he is depicted without Feet; covered with a casting net, provided with Bells in place of Lead; always finding new coat racks, who, captivated by these Fable-dreams, become besotted with the secret, in commerce with such spirits and delusion-powers.","why":"The author explicitly attacks and dismisses the belief in elemental spirits dwelling in water, earth, air, and fire (and household/hearth spirits) as unfounded, calling them invented secrets, dreamed-up dolls, fable-drea","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b4cd55d5b6c3815e1a59eb?page=382","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":451,"wd":"386–515, around the author's floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":386,"wt":515},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百三十五: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 316)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Zhang Yuqing, Rhapsody on Sacrificing to the Earth Spirit: Based on the carved mounds of the green wilds, we solemnly establish the divine position of the Huangtu <gloss>Yellow Earth</gloss>.","why":"The passage quotes Zhang Yuqing's 'Rhapsody on Sacrificing to the Earth Spirit' (a literary fu composition) describing the establishment of the divine seat/position (神位) of the Yellow Earth on the ceremonial altar mound,","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c612440c88a541d8ee179?page=9","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1878,"ye":null,"t":"Religion in China : containing a brief account of the three religions of the Chinese, with observations on the","a":"Joseph Edkins","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"On the west side is placed the tablet of the moon spirit, with those of the clouds, rain, wind, and thunder.","why":"The passage describes imperial state ritual offerings made to the moon, clouds, rain, wind, and thunder, explicitly treating these weather and celestial phenomena as spirits that receive sacrificial dishes and a bullock.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6ab2413487d2180b7f5de6ec?page=46","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"earth spirit","yw":1878,"wd":"1878","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1878},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1878,"ye":null,"t":"Religion in China : containing a brief account of the three religions of the Chinese, with observations on the","a":"Joseph Edkins","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"It is his presence that causes this whole region to appear to the inhabitants to be instinct with legend.","why":"The text reports local Chinese belief presenting Mount Wutai as the domain and dwelling of Manjoosere (Mañjuśrī), explicitly identified as the 'patron god of the mountain' whose personal presence fills the region.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6ab2413487d2180b7f5de6ec?page=255","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1878,"wd":"1878","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1878},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1878,"ye":null,"t":"Religion in China : containing a brief account of the three religions of the Chinese, with observations on the","a":"Joseph Edkins","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"A steep mountain, or any mountain at all remarkable, is supposed to have a special local spirit, who acts as guardian.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the belief that any remarkable mountain has a special local guardian spirit, to whom the government offers sacrifices and the people offer roadside worship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6ab2413487d2180b7f5de6ec?page=243","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1878,"wd":"1878","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1878},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa bKa' brgyad Nya","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Avert the punishment of the white and black lords of the village!","why":"The ritual passage directly addresses and seeks to avert the wrath/punishment of the 'white and black lords of the village', which are local territorial spirits/tutelary deities tied to the village/settlement with whom h","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac6c5f1a22ab19aa760a?page=249","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1350–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1350,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Thi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The skulls of the ancestors should be placed as an offering to the <term>Naga</term> <gloss>serpent spirits</gloss> or the <term>Sadag</term> <gloss>earth lords</gloss>.","why":"The text instructs making offerings to the Sadag (earth lords) and Naga (serpent spirits tied to water/earth/subterranean domains) in order to inflict harm (leprosy), treating these beings as indigenous place/soil spirit","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787074a6785cfd60ca114?page=39","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Ki","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Next, from the chapter on the miracles of the Naga King: Regarding the taming of Sadag <gloss>earth lords</gloss>, Nagas, and Nyan <gloss>mountain spirits</gloss>, and the chapter on healing Naga diseases: having meditated on the self as the Greatly Powerful One <note>Hayagriva</note>, with the Supreme Horse at the","why":"The text outlines a ritual rite for taming Sadag (lords of the soil/earth), Nagas, and Nyan (mountain spirits), and curing diseases caused by Nagas, treating these place-tied nature spirits as beings with whom ritualists","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e786f86846fc56c4911350?page=148","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":1100,"wd":"c. 750–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"pad gling gi rta mgrin dpa' bog cig pa'i sgrub thabs","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"These are the mantras for taming the unruly Sadag <gloss>earth lords</gloss>, <term>Nagas</term>, gods, and demons of Tibet.","why":"The text presents the earth lords (Sadag) and Nagas of Tibet as spirits tied to the land/earth whose disruption prevents the building of Samye monastery until they are tamed through ritual mantras, establishing an animis","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787bc4a6785cfd60cd18f?page=45","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":1496,"wd":"c. 1470–1521","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1470,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"bDud rtsi zgil chung tshe rabs las rtsis","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"bon","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Regarding the great Earth-Lord To-chi <gloss>Belly-Opener</gloss>: he has a human body with the head of an ox.","why":"The text explicitly describes the 'great Earth-Lord To-chi' as a hybrid being with a human body and ox head whose seasonal orientation and directions must be observed. In Tibetan astrological and geomantic tradition, an ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e763a3cc48e59ad74f39aa?page=133","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the nāgas","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Pi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"He went to the jewel island in the great ocean, the city of the malicious Nagas.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the jewel island in the great ocean as the dwelling ('the city of the malicious Nagas') of the Nagas, water/underworld beings who cause afflictions and with whom practitioners ritually i","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7870f4a6785cfd60ca560?page=118","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":850,"wd":"c. 700–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1725,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Da","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"On birch bark or wood bark, write <term>Sadag Maraya</term> <gloss>Kill the Earth Lord</gloss>.","why":"The passage outlines a tantric ritual targeting a Sadag (sa bdag, 'Earth Lord' / lord of the soil), treating this earth-bound spirit as an entity that can be ritually summoned and subjugated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e12b2f45ee330c273c8b?page=74","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":785,"wd":"c. 750–820","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":820},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1540,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur rNying rgyud Ga","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"On the six-legged vajra rock, he sits on a throne of a crossed Earth-Lord <note>Sadag</note>.","why":"The passage describes a wrathful deity subduing and sitting upon an Earth-Lord (Sadag / lord of the soil), explicitly recognized as a spirit of the earth/land within the ritual tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aade5f1a22ab19a8ea42?page=205","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"sadag","yw":1550,"wd":"c. 1400–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1400,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འདུལ་བ། ལུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 165)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Whoever resides in this divine tree, please seek another dwelling.","why":"The Vinaya text prescribes ritual offerings and direct address to the deity residing in the tree, requiring monks to ask the resident spirit to seek another dwelling before the tree is felled.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abecf9e896ea18127c8bf06?page=239","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":550,"wd":"c. 500–600, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":500,"wt":600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Throwing hair into a river brings the dead man into communion not with an anthropomorphic god, but with the spirit of the river.","why":"The passage explicitly states that throwing hair into a river brings the deceased into communion with the spirit of the river, presenting the river as inhabited by or associated with a spirit with whom one enters into re","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=239","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Sometimes it appears to be an offering of respect to the tree spirit.","why":"The passage explicitly describes rites of offering rags to trees to show respect to, conciliate, and gain communion with a tree spirit or forest deity tied to the tree.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=147","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"In the case of the goddesses, the cult of the benign Devi may be traced back to one of the varied manifestations of Dharti, the earth mother; Kāli is a deified tigress, and Durgā Sinhavāhinī a lioness.","why":"The passage reports ethnological observations of animistic survivals in Hinduism, describing Dharti (the earth) as an 'earth mother' with cultic manifestations, and noting the deification of animals (tigress, lioness) in","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=21","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animist","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"The Kandhs conceived the Earth Mother in elephant form; a human victim was fastened to the proboscis of a wooden elephant, and as he was whirled round, the crowd would cut pieces of flesh from his body as long as life remained; the only surviving example is now in the Madras Museum.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic religious rites and beliefs of the Kandhs, who conceived the Earth Mother (the earth personified as a deity/person) in the form of an elephant and entered into relation with her throu","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=374","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"In the Central Provinces, trees are believed to be animate and occupied by spirits; before a man cuts a tree, he begs its pardon for the injury he is about to inflict on it.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the ethnographic belief in the Central Provinces that trees are animate and occupied by spirits, and describes a direct interpersonal relation where a woodcutter begs the tree's pardon befo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=409","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"indian-folk","c":"house-hearth","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The household snake, as we have seen, represents the sainted ancestors of the family and is highly respected.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the ethnographic belief that the household snake represents the family's sainted ancestors, acts as a household godling originally born into the family, receives offerings, and is cremated ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=402","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 34","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the waters of Beier, there resides the one known as Yu'er, who is the god of climbing mountains.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the spirit or mountain god Yu'er resides in the waters of Beier, describing him with human qualities and attire, and noting his historical manifestation to human rulers within the text'","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd8743713c66ea637159?page=63","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 34","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"There resides a propitious deity <note>original: 吉神 (jí shén). A spirit or god who brings good fortune and positive outcomes.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a mountain deity (Taifeng) residing on He Mountain and dwelling on the sunny slope of Fu Mountain, possessing human-like form and presiding over good fortune and weather, cited from class","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd8743713c66ea637159?page=70","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1604,"ye":null,"t":"The Jewel of Rituals for the Planetary Sacrifice","a":"Unknown","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"field-crop","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To the Guardian of the Field Kshetrapala, along with his family of spirits, ghosts, flesh-eating demons, giants, and female spirits, I offer this sacrifice of bean-rice Māṣabhakta-bali.","why":"The text describes a ritual offering to the Lord/Guardian of the Field (Kshetrapala), treating the guardian spirit tied to the field as a person with whom humans establish a reciprocal relationship through prayer and sac","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906d2364d44bd0a0ef521d?page=44","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":1604,"wd":"Saka 1526 (1604 CE)","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1600,"wt":1610},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"近松浄瑠璃集 (Chikamatsu Jōruri Collection), Vol. 1","a":"Chikamatsu Monzaemon","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"This is the guardian deity of the Naniwa port, and the safety of the people is a cause for celebration.","why":"The text explicitly identifies the deity of Mount Hachiman as the guardian deity (kami) of the Naniwa port, tied to the protection and safety of that place and standing in reciprocal religious relation with people throug","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e753db095c302d3fddc45c?page=314","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":1697,"wd":"1668–1725, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1668,"wt":1725},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷四之八 (vol 307)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The spirits of the rivers and the great vastness <note>original: 鴻濛 Hongmeng</note> are addressed; the <term>Qi</term> <gloss>earth spirits</gloss> are solemn and majestic.","why":"The passage explicitly mentions addressing the spirits of the rivers and refers to solemn earth spirits (Qi), depicting natural waters and the earth as inhabited by spirits with whom humans communicate in ritual, express","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c638193327f06e8350bc2?page=118","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1643,"ye":null,"t":"Institutes of Oratory","a":"Gerardus Johannes Vossius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"For Rome was a Goddess to them, and therefore she also had her own temple, as we have said elsewhere","why":"The passage explicitly notes that addressing Rome was not merely a rhetorical fiction to ancient Romans ('according to the mind of the pagans'), but referred to Rome as a goddess and guardian deity of the city who had he","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b18675c4be2cdd0edc681a?page=887","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":1618,"wd":"1592–1643, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1592,"wt":1643},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1927,"ye":null,"t":"Manimekalai","a":"Sattanar","lg":"Tamil","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Those who travel through the sky do not fly directly over the Vindhya Mountains, where Goddess Durga resides.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the Vindhya Mountains as the dwelling of Goddess Durga and protected by Vinthagadikai, the guardian deity of the mountain, who affects travellers flying overhead.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699258553d2d40d1b058961b?page=161","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":550,"wd":"c. 5th–6th century","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":400,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Folk Tales from Tibet","a":"William Frederick Travers O'Connor","lg":"English","tr":"tibetan-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"\"Now,\" he thought to himself upon seeing the lion, \"this, no doubt, is the guardian deity of this mountain, and to him must be due my good fortune in so easily obtaining a means of livelihood.\"","why":"The passage presents a guardian deity of the mountain tied to that specific place, dwelling in/manifesting through the stone lion, who communicates with the woodcutter, receives offerings, and enters into a reciprocal re","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b9a2c06ed9e0490990b7d7?page=152","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":1896,"wd":"1885–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1885,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷十一~卷十三 (vol 4)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Zhuangzi: The God of the River was pleased and felt self-satisfied, believing that all the beauty in the world was contained within himself.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the God of the River and the God of the Sea (Ruo) as personal spirits tied to specific bodies of water (the river and the North Sea), acting through dialogue and perspectives within a philo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654539b4508b04e2da81?page=32","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十三之五 (vol 664)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Zun personally led the officials and citizens to cast white horses into the water as sacrifices to the River God, Hebo.","why":"The passage documents an official historical rite in which Governor Wang Zun offers white horses and prayers to Hebo, the River God of the Yellow River, addressing the river as the domain of a personal deity with whom hu","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c64e339b4508b04e2ae39?page=80","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷十一~卷十三 (vol 4)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"It seizes and eats them, which is why the River Deity hides deep within the abyss.","why":"The passage depicts the River Deity (a river spirit tied to the waters and abyss) as a sentient agent who hides deep within the abyss to escape the Great Roc, presented within a mythological and literary tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654539b4508b04e2da81?page=51","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":895,"ye":null,"t":"Twenty-four Dialogues of Plato","a":"Plato","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Do you know then about the river in Troy that fought in single combat with Hephaestus, of which Homer says the gods call Xanthus but men call Scamander?","why":"The dialogue refers to Homer's account of the Trojan river (Xanthus/Scamander) fighting in single combat against Hephaestus, presenting the river as a personal agent within a literary/mythological tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5e5f385fa13e734e41e1f?page=136","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":-378,"wd":"415–341 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-415,"wt":-341},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Essence of the Taoist Canon","a":"Various Taoist Masters","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Another bowed to the river waters for ten years until the River God <note>original: 河伯 (He Bo)</note> arrived and granted him the method of walking upon water without drowning.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a practitioner bowing to the river waters until the River God (He Bo), a spirit tied to the waters, appears and confers a power upon him, illustrating an interactive relation between human","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695924fe1cac2ce31a4a8b6b?page=137","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1000,"wd":"c. 400–1445","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":1445},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 4: The Soul in Philosophy and Folk-Conception","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Before the grave, they passed the spirit of the 'glorification-tree' <note>A sacred or ancient tree believed to possess a spirit.</note>, who asked them: 'Where are you going?'","why":"The passage narrates a legend in which a specific ancient tree before a tomb is inhabited by a spirit that speaks, reasons, and manifests as a child in its hollow.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796db621b177c1af7000?page=209","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1885,"wd":"1869–1901, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1901},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 4: The Soul in Philosophy and Folk-Conception","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"'I come from the waters of Tsai-lu; I am a messenger from the Limpid River, attached to the River God; a fisherman named Yü Tsü has caught me.'","why":"The passage from Chwang-tsze cited by de Groot explicitly describes a sacred tortoise appearing in human form as a messenger from the Limpid River attached to the River God, affirming spirits and deities tied to specific","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796db621b177c1af7000?page=179","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1885,"wd":"1869–1901, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1901},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 4: The Soul in Philosophy and Folk-Conception","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Passing the Huabiao (glorification-tree) spirit before the grave, they were asked, \"Where are you going?\"","why":"The text explicitly presents a particular tree or tree monument tied to a specific location (the huabiao/glorification-tree before the grave of King Hui of Yan) as possessing an articulate spirit ('Huabiao (glorification","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796db621b177c1af7000?page=210","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1885,"wd":"1869–1901, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1901},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 4: The Soul in Philosophy and Folk-Conception","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"'I am the Lord of Thunder,' was the answer, 'and my flying sand and soaring stones inflicted so much harm on his soldiers that the sight alone sufficed to scatter them like sparks and kept them at a respectable distance; such is the intimidating power I possess.'","why":"The passage explicitly describes a tree inhabited by an active spirit ('tree-spirit') who speaks, defends the tree with thunder and stones, and whose vital essence emerges as a bull when felled, reported in an ethnograph","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990796db621b177c1af7000?page=300","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1885,"wd":"1869–1901, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1901},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":null,"t":"Chŏnun","a":"Unknown","lg":"Korean","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"I scaled the high nests of the perching hawks and looked down into the dark palace of the river god Feng Yi.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the river depths as the dwelling ('dark palace') of the river god Feng Yi, framed within literary and mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f32a53e174846a67c4da63?page=6","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1600–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"Remember who brought you into the world, and cease defiling my stream.","why":"The river speaks in the first person as an animate being and river god ('cease defiling my stream. I shall flow on...'), interacting directly with Aeacus within the poetic mythological narrative.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=498","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"And above Mount Sipylus, the neighboring\nrock of Niobe <note>Niobe was turned to stone by the gods after mourning her children; the rock was said to \"weep\" as water trickled down it</note> groaned more than ever with its self-pouring tears.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a specific natural landmark, the rock of Niobe on Mount Sipylus, as a sentient person capable of groaning and weeping in mourning alongside local nymphs, drawing on classical mythological a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=356","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"yet the Hydaspes warded off death from his stricken son.","why":"The text presents the river Hydaspes as a river-god and father who actively protects his son Deriades in battle, treating a specific river as an animate person within Greco-Roman mythological epic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=636","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"for he sat watching the battle from high upon a rock, bull-shaped in nature, but having a human-like form.","why":"The passage depicts the river Hydaspes as an active river god with a bull-like nature and human-like form who sits on a rock watching the battle and rescues Morrheus by pouring out water.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=668","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"and one of the Hamadryads <note>Nymphs whose lives are tied to specific trees.</note> from Mt. Athos, near fiery neighboring Lemnos, lit the Thracian bridal torch of pine.","why":"The passage depicts a Hamadryad (a tree nymph) explicitly located at Mount Athos participating as an agent who lights the bridal torch, representing the mountain and its trees as the home of nature spirits tied to the pl","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=1094","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1919,"ye":null,"t":"The Odyssey, Books 1-12","a":"Homer","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"He recognized the river-god as he flowed forth to the sea, and prayed to him in his heart:","why":"The passage explicitly presents the river as a living deity ('river-god as he flowed forth to the sea') who hears Odysseus's prayer of supplication and consciously intervenes by staying his stream and checking the waves.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69937ce0c970b9f8351dd434?page=221","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":-700,"wd":"c. 8th–7th century BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-750,"wt":-650},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1919,"ye":null,"t":"The Odyssey, Books 1-12","a":"Homer","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"A cry reached my ears, sounding like young women—perhaps nymphs who haunt the high peaks of the mountains, the sources of the rivers, and the grassy meadows!","why":"The passage explicitly presents natural features—high mountain peaks, river sources, and grassy meadows—as the dwellings of localized spirits (nymphs).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69937ce0c970b9f8351dd434?page=233","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":-700,"wd":"c. 8th–7th century BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-750,"wt":-650},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十之九~卷九十之十 (vol 224)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"If you escape, the pygmies to the east shall request the long-armed ones to sprinkle and strain for you; further, at Xiong-tang in the north, the long-legged ones shall be sent to trample and search for you.","why":"The passage cites Fan Zhu's 'Summons to the River God of Qujiang', addressing the river god of Qujiang whose deep dwelling beneath the waves is searched, confirming a spirit tied to a specific body of water within a lite","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c632b879008ba7e166806?page=143","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1852,"ye":null,"t":"Works (Vol. 1)","a":"Lucian","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"What is this, Alpheius? Alone among all the others, when you fall into the sea, you do not mix with the salt water as is the custom for all rivers; nor do you rest yourself by spreading out.","why":"The passage presents the river Alpheius as a personified river god who speaks, experiences love, and physically embodies the river flowing through the sea to reach the spring Arethusa, rendered within Greek mythological ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69937716b0a84a5763962d53?page=140","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":168,"wd":"135–200, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":135,"wt":200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷十六之九 (vol 365)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The floating stone then transformed into a woman who called herself the daughter of the River God.","why":"The passage quotes the Youming Lu recounting how a floating stone found in a stream transformed into a woman who identified herself as the daughter of the River God, presenting a water deity/spirit tied to the river as a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63b939b4508b04e22b86?page=121","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"經濟類編·卷二十三 (vol 22)","a":"馮琦","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"If we do not marry a wife to the River God, the waters will come and drown our people.","why":"The passage reports the local belief and ritual practice regarding the River God, a deity tied to the river who demands a human bride and who, if not appeased, is believed to cause the waters to flood and drown the peopl","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c665339b4508b04e33e1c?page=85","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1588,"wd":"1573–1603, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1573,"wt":1603},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1532,"ye":null,"t":"Hymns of Callimachus","a":"Callimachus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"And Dirce and Strophia <note>Springs/rivers near the city of Thebes.</note> followed her, holding the hand of their father, the black-pebbled Ismenus <note>The river-god of Thebes.</note>.","why":"The passage depicts the local springs Dirce and Strophia and the river Ismenus as persons—daughters holding their father's hand as they flee—reflecting Greek mythological convention where waters are river-gods and water-","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938de1d5a98fd66f42f79c?page=53","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":-308,"wd":"385–231 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-385,"wt":-231},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷二十七之二 (vol 437)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The autumn river moon is white; rowing through the night, singing in harmony with the River God.","why":"The passage quotes a poem that directly describes rowing along an autumn river and singing in harmony with the River God, depicting the river as the dwelling of a river deity with whom humans can stand in relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c640539b4508b04e23877?page=75","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1486,"ye":null,"t":"Mythographi vaticani, mythographus tertius","a":"Unknown","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"The river Almon near Rome begat Lare, who <unclear>gaubuit</unclear> envied, whence it is said that those two then pleased the god; he prepares a vow, and since he then brings forth the twin Lares as festival, who become heads and watch in the city, the Lares, and they avoid, and from Venus he begat Amastrodia.","why":"The text depicts the river Almon near Rome as a personified entity capable of begetting offspring in a mythological genealogy intended to aid in the understanding of poetry.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3378f876dd827cbc52461?page=105","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1200,"wd":"c. 1150–1250","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1150,"wt":1250},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"Brahma Purana","a":"Vyasa (ed. Venkateshwar Steam Press)","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The sage, husband of Lopamudra, [spoke] to the mountain, the patient one.","why":"Mount Vindhya is directly addressed by Sage Agastya and converses in return, responding 'So be it' to the sage's request, presenting the mountain itself as a person capable of dialogue and mutual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992d66346b85e738a0c3add?page=961","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"abode of the gods","yw":1000,"wd":"c. 10th-13th century CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":900,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百九: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 291)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Geng Wei, in his poem \"Congratulating Inspector Li on Praying to the River God for Rain,\" writes: Along the road, the five crops are nourished and grow; by the river, the Five Horses return glistening with moisture.","why":"The passage documents a rite where an official (Inspector Li) prayed to the River God for rain, presenting the river deity as a spirit tied to the waters with whom people stand in a ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c610b40c88a541d8ed09c?page=89","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"The Oldest Church Manual Called the Didache","a":"Philip Schaff","lg":"Greek","tr":"christian","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"The picture shows on the right the river-god rising from the Jordan to worship Christ.","why":"The passage describes a baptismal artwork explicitly depicting the river-god of the Jordan rising from the river to worship Christ, representing the river as a personified deity / mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699253dc0feca3d31bc5773d?page=57","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1860,"wd":"1834–1886, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1834,"wt":1886},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十二~卷三十四 (vol 10)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"We personally sacrificed to the Sovereign Earth and the spirits of the land appeared.","why":"The imperial edict recounts an official state rite sacrificing to Sovereign Earth, upon which the spirits of the land appeared, presenting the earth and land as divine persons/spirits with whom humans stand in ritual rel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654baf3c49b59c5cb4ed?page=64","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of China","a":"E. T. C. Werner","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"The dragons are spirits of the waters.","why":"The passage explicitly describes dragons as spirits of the waters, noting that dragons/nagas inhabiting lakes, rivers, and mountains are treated as beings that control rain, hold peace/prosperity, and can be harmful or f","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799d59c453700d93ce1b?page=227","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1922,"wd":"1922","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1922,"wt":1922},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of China","a":"E. T. C. Werner","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The carp he had released earlier was actually Lung Wang, the God of the River, who had been traveling through his kingdom in disguise and had been caught in a fisherman's net.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Lung Wang as the God of the River traveling through his aquatic kingdom in disguise as a carp, who enters into a personal, reciprocal relationship of gratitude with his human rescuer.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799d59c453700d93ce1b?page=368","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1922,"wd":"1922","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1922,"wt":1922},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of China","a":"E. T. C. Werner","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"But the God of Hua Shan knew that the King had been deprived of a male heir as a punishment for the bloody massacres hecatombs during his three years' war.","why":"The passage depicts the God of Hua Shan, a sacred mountain, as a personal being who receives prayers and sacrifices, evaluates moral conduct, is persuaded by priestly intercession, and dispatches supernatural attendants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799d59c453700d93ce1b?page=279","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1922,"wd":"1922","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1922,"wt":1922},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"And the Naiad nymph, unveiled, caught him\nlooking with a defiling eye and an askew glance;","why":"The passage explicitly features a Naiad nymph at the stream where Artemis is bathing, presenting a spirit tied to fresh waters as a personal agent who observes Actaeon and alerts her mistress within late antique mytholog","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d5f5d28b693146cede1?page=128","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"stood, a water-nymph of the liquid path, with dry limbs;","why":"The passage depicts a water-nymph tied to a specific watercourse ('liquid path' and ravines) whose body suffers as the water dries up during Typhon's assault, fulfilling the definition of a localized nature spirit within","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d5f5d28b693146cede1?page=51","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"And my father took you with the unsparing pull of the current,","why":"The speaker identifies the river current/waters as his father ('my father took you with the unsparing pull of the current, / Let him receive his own son in the man-slaying waters'), personifying the river as a divine fat","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d5f5d28b693146cede1?page=241","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Oceanus roared a song with his many-fountained throat,","why":"The passage depicts Oceanus, the world-encircling river/ocean, acting as a person (a father-in-law singing a wedding song with a 'many-fountained throat' and having daughters), exemplifying mythological animism where a b","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d5f5d28b693146cede1?page=678","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"taming-binding","q":"If the Hydaspes <note>Indian river</note> should bow its servile knee to me,","why":"The passage depicts the river Hydaspes as a personified river god who can bow a knee, fight with a mouth, and possesses a horned man-formed river shape, with whom Dionysus enters into conflict and relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d5f5d28b693146cede1?page=502","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷七十四之一 (vol 575)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"The River God <term>He Bo</term> <gloss>the deity of the Yellow River</gloss> pays homage to the source; at dusk, the wind horse <note>a metaphor for swift travel or spiritual speed</note> high above obscures the riverbank.","why":"The passage quotes Ma Zuchang's poem presenting He Bo, the river god of the Yellow River, as a personified deity tied to the river paying homage to its source.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c648f39b4508b04e2814a?page=56","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷三十四之六 (vol 452)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"The River God presented him with blue silk shoes, which were extremely exquisite.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the River God (and the Lord of Mount Tai) as an anthropomorphic being capable of receiving letters and presenting gifts (blue silk shoes) to a human, presented through a mythological acco","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c641439b4508b04e2412d?page=7","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷三十四之六 (vol 452)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The hundreds of spirits of the mountains and rivers should be sacrificed to, yet the rites are not yet complete.","why":"Emperor Zhang's edict recognizes the spirits of the mountains and rivers as beings tied to those natural places that receive sacrificial offerings, establishing a direct ritual relation between the state and the spirits ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c641439b4508b04e2412d?page=92","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷十七之三 (vol 370)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The Spirits of the Mountains take stone for their bodies and plants and trees for their hair.","why":"The passage from the Yanzi Chunqiu depicts Duke Jing and Yanzi discussing sacrifices to the Spirits of the Mountains (mountain gods), explicitly describing them as beings embodied in the landscape with stone bodies and v","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63be39b4508b04e22e11?page=34","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1524,"ye":null,"t":"Ὁμήρου Ἰλιάς (Homeri Ilias)","a":"Homer","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"For in his heart Xanthus <note>the god of the river, also known as Scamander</note> had placed great courage, since he was angry that the young men, whom Achilles was slaughtering along the current, were being overcome, and he showed them no pity.","why":"The passage depicts the river god Xanthus (Scamander) acting as a person with intentional agency and emotions, placing courage into a warrior's heart out of anger at Achilles slaughtering men along his current.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7478285f786e884a487d4?page=586","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":-793,"wd":"885–701 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-885,"wt":-701},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷五十五之五 (vol 649)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"The Wind God Pingyi withdrew the wind, and the River Sovereign calmed the waves.","why":"The text explicitly notes that 'River Sovereign' (Chuanhou) refers to the god of the river, and quotes Cao Zhi's poetic rhapsody presenting this deity as active in calming the river's waves.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c64d539b4508b04e2a71d?page=108","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"Tutankhamen, Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism","a":"E.A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"egyptian","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Shu and Tefnut created Geb <gloss>the earth</gloss> and Nut <gloss>the sky</gloss>, and they in turn produced Osiris, the god of the river Nile, Set, the god of natural decay and death, and their shadowy counterparts, Isis and Nephthys.","why":"The passage cites Egyptian mythological tradition where natural entities are personal gods tied to specific natural domains (Geb as the earth, Nut as the sky, and Osiris as the god of the river Nile).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b52fbd1a04ee0f3b41872a?page=108","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1898,"wd":"1872–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1713,"ye":null,"t":"Histoire des oracles","a":"Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Clitumnus is there dressed in the Roman fashion.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the river Clitumnus as a divinity and river that gives oracles, with a temple where Clitumnus is depicted dressed in Roman fashion and whose sacred waters are distinguished from profane w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c763606a0f3d112faf8d46","fm":true,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1693,"wd":"1672–1713, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1672,"wt":1713},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"P. Ouidij Nasonis uita per Aldum ex ipsius libris excerpta. Heroidum epistolae. Amorum libri 3. De arte amandi","a":"Publius Ovidius Naso","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"G.  6th  Volt.  NP. Sacrifice to the river Volturnus.","why":"The Roman festival calendar explicitly records a rite of sacrifice offered directly to the river Volturnus, treating the river as a divine person/being with whom people stand in a ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08533e15c643eb1af4f530?page=38","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred grove","yw":-5,"wd":"27 BCE–17, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-27,"wt":17},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1713,"ye":null,"t":"Histoire des oracles","a":"Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Pliny the Younger describes the Oracle of <term>Clitumnus</term> <gloss>a god of the river</gloss> in this way, the God of a River in Umbria.","why":"The text explicitly describes Clitumnus as the god of a specific river in Umbria with an oracle and respected temple where divination lots mark his presence and power, reported as an outsider account of ancient Roman rel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c763606a0f3d112faf8d46?page=332","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1693,"wd":"1672–1713, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1672,"wt":1713},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1513,"ye":null,"t":"Pontani Opera. Vrania, siue de stellis libri quinque. Meteororum liber unus. De Hortis hesperidum libri duo. L","a":"Giovanni Gioviano Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The Dryad burned. Hence the Napaeae burned,","why":"The passage presents tree and valley nymphs (the Dryad and Napaeae) as personal beings tied to trees and glens who experience passion, jealousy, and emotional turmoil in relation to a human shepherd, rendered in the lite","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0854e115c643eb1af53ee1?page=224","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百十九: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 392)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The God of the River, Yang Hou, raised the waves, and two Jiao flanked the boat.","why":"The passage quotes the Shuijing Zhu describing Yang Hou as the God of the River who raises waves to demand the jade disk, presenting the river as the domain of a specific river deity who acts intentionally toward a human","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6168879008ba7e15e0c6?page=45","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"Life in Southern Nigeria: Magic, Beliefs and Customs of the Ibibio","a":"P. Amaury Talbot","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"to the priesthood of the sacred tree, the genius of which was supposed to be mysteriously linked with that of the river and of mud.","why":"The text describes an ethnographic report of local beliefs and priesthood centered on a sacred tree possessing a genius linked to a water spirit and mud, treating natural elements as spirits with whom priests and votarie","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c515f855ec553e744d5?page=362","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1908,"wd":"1892–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1892,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"Life in Southern Nigeria: Magic, Beliefs and Customs of the Ibibio","a":"P. Amaury Talbot","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Here, as was the case until a few years ago on the Kwa Ibo River, human sacrifices were offered by the fisher-folk to the God of the River in order to bribe him into sending rich hauls.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that fisher-folk offered human sacrifices to the God of the River to bribe him into sending rich hauls, presenting the river as the realm/dwelling of a spirit tied to that specific body of ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c515f855ec553e744d5?page=385","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1908,"wd":"1892–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1892,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"Life in Southern Nigeria: Magic, Beliefs and Customs of the Ibibio","a":"P. Amaury Talbot","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"This misfortune is said so to have enraged the indwelling dryad <term>a wood nymph or spirit</term> that sacrifices have had to be made ever since, lest in anger he should harm passers-by.","why":"The passage describes a sacred tree inhabited by an 'indwelling dryad' (spirit) who receives regular sacrifices from people to appease his anger and prevent harm to passers-by.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c515f855ec553e744d5?page=395","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1908,"wd":"1892–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1892,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷二之一~卷二之二 (vol 5)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"I live in the mountains and often practice swordsmanship. These seven men are actually the ancient pines.","why":"The passage quotes the Gazetteer of Luofu relating a legend in which seven ancient pines on Mount Luofu manifest as seven human men who follow a Daoist master to the palace, with the master explicitly explaining that 'Th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c625040c88a541d8f3586?page=110","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷四十三~卷四十四: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 41)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"The Yellow River is the Water Spirit, and it corresponds above to the Milky Way in the heavens.","why":"The passage identifies the Yellow River with the Water Spirit (Shui Bo / River God), presenting a specific river as an animated spirit in mythological tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6005879008ba7e159a6c?page=141","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷四十三~卷四十四: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 41)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The Sea God Tian Wu <gloss>a legendary eight-headed water deity</gloss> does not dare to cause alarm or movement.","why":"The passage cites a poem depicting the Sea God Tian Wu (a legendary water deity) as an active being possessing agency within the waters, following classical poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6005879008ba7e159a6c?page=108","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十之十 (vol 631)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Wang Yun’s Song of the Autumn Flood of the Hutuo River: Feng Yi <note>the god of the river</note> is not\nrestrained by the earth, black waves","why":"Wang Yun's poem on the Autumn Flood of the Hutuo River explicitly evokes Feng Yi (the ancient river god / spirit of the waters) as being active in the flooding river ('Feng Yi is not restrained by the earth, black waves'","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c64c439b4508b04e29d86?page=77","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十五之三 (vol 535)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"The God of the River fortunately restrained his power, and the God of the Wind also gathered and controlled his gusts.","why":"The passage cites a poem on crossing the Black Water Ocean in which the God of the River and the God of the Wind are described as restraining their power and controlling their gusts to allow safe passage, presenting the ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c646739b4508b04e26bb7?page=33","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1855,"ye":null,"t":"Peruvian Antiquities","a":"Mariano Eduardo de Rivero & Johann Jakob von Tschudi","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"(Mayu) they performed the ceremony called Mayuchalla, which consisted of taking a little water in the hollow of the hand and drinking it, invoking the God of the river to permit them to pass","why":"The passage explicitly describes the Mayuchalla rite of invoking the God of the river and making offerings of corn into the water to permit travelers to pass or give fish, presenting the river god as a spirit tied to the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e41fc74fc48a88423e0a16?page=192","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1851,"wd":"1851","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1851,"wt":1851},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1517,"ye":null,"t":"The Iliad of Homer","a":"Homer","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"But as for my lineage, it is from the wide-flowing Axius;","why":"The passage explicitly describes the river Axius as a person who begets offspring ('Axius, who sends the most beautiful water upon the earth; who begot Pelegon'), presenting the river as an animate personal ancestor/rive","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b267c7fe529639c2e8ac14?page=582","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":-793,"wd":"885–701 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-885,"wt":-701},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十五之四~卷九十五之五 (vol 240)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Chen Xingyi's poem: \"The God of the River does not worry about the faint <unclear>2 words</unclear>; the shark-people <note>mythological creatures who weave silk underwater</note> secretly move the shuttles to roll the raw silk.\"","why":"The passage quotes a poem referring to the God of the River and mythical underwater shark-people weaving silk, representing the river/water as the domain and dwelling of water deities/beings in classical poetic conventio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c633d4daf85677d17059b?page=192","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1415,"ye":null,"t":"Les décades","a":"Livy","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"\"Father Tiberinus <gloss>god of the river Tiber</gloss>, holy father, I pray that you be pleased to receive these arms and this knight in your gentle river.\"","why":"Horatius directly addresses Father Tiberinus, the divine personification and god of the Tiber River, in prayer ('Father Tiberinus, holy father, I pray that you be pleased to receive these arms and this knight in your gen","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33319876dd827cbc4a9d2?page=93","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1356,"wd":"c. 1354–1358","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1354,"wt":1358},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":400,"ye":null,"t":"The Works of Virgil","a":"Virgil","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"for they will grant pardon to your prayers and let go their anger.","why":"The passage depicts nymphs of the glade/grove (Napaeae) who dwell and dance in the leafy groves, receiving suppliant offerings and prayers to appease their anger, presenting nature spirits tied to a specific natural plac","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a5e3e7006a409842216ac8?page=24","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":-36,"wd":"54–18 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-54,"wt":-18},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1773,"ye":null,"t":"Combined Collection of Qin Scores","a":"楊掄","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Penetrating the palace of Fengyi <note>the god of the river</note>.","why":"The passage poetically depicts drifting upon the waters as entering the palace of Fengyi, the traditional river deity, thus presenting the water as the dwelling of a river god.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3cec108642f0445b1594d6?page=41","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1765,"wd":"c. 1760–1770","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1760,"wt":1770},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1755,"ye":null,"t":"Maedon chip, 3-kwŏn","a":"Yu, Kwang-sŏn, 1616-1684","lg":"Korean","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The shellfish palace of Feng Yi <gloss>the God of the River</gloss> connects to the mysterious pass.","why":"In this poem on Uirimji Pond, the body of water is described as containing the underwater palace of the river god Feng Yi, presenting the lake as the dwelling of a water deity through literary and mythological convention","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33d14876dd827cbc5b730?page=202","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1680,"wd":"c. 1650–1684","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1650,"wt":1684},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1666,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Volume 2","a":"Molière","lg":"French","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"The God of the River\nYour death would soil my waves;","why":"The passage depicts the God of the River speaking as a person tied to the river and its waves, interacting directly with Psyche within a classical mythological dramatic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7541d095c302d3fddd1b3?page=709","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1652,"wd":"1637–1666, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1637,"wt":1666},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1370,"ye":null,"t":"Sonnets, Songs, and Triumphs","a":"Francesco Petrarca","lg":"Italian","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"It seemed as though the new Laurel heard these words, for it appeared to accept them with a movement of its top.","why":"The passage describes the mythological metamorphosis of Daphne into a laurel tree that retains sensation, movement, and the ability to hear and respond to Apollo, presenting the tree as a person within a poetic/mythologi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/dcb9a95b-40b3-4a72-ad3b-744f0f766699?page=19","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1347,"wd":"1319–1374, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1319,"wt":1374},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1471,"ye":null,"t":"Works","a":"Ovid, 43 B.C.-17 A.D. or 18 A.D.","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"And having been drowned by an augur in the Numicius river, which is near it, she was joined in marriage to the god of the river.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts that Anna was joined in marriage to the god of the Numicius river, depicting a specific river as the domain/dwelling of an localized river deity with whom a person stands in relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3366f876dd827cbc50641?page=46","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":-5,"wd":"27 BCE–17, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-27,"wt":17},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1145,"ye":null,"t":"三国史記 (History of the Three Kingdoms, Oldest surviving Korean history, 1145)","a":"Kim Bu-sik","lg":"Classical Chinese","tr":"korean-mythology","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"When asked, the woman said, \"I am the daughter of the God of the River.\"","why":"The passage explicitly features the daughter of the 'God of the River' (Habaek), a personified river deity, as part of the founding myth of Goguryeo.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69d5adbcd0bd3547a56563a0?page=210","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1121,"wd":"1090–1151, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1090,"wt":1151},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1471,"ye":null,"t":"Works","a":"Ovid, 43 B.C.-17 A.D. or 18 A.D.","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"And let it not harm to have disturbed the lakes, forgive me, nymphs,","why":"The passage describes the Roman rite of the Parilia, instructing the shepherd to pray for forgiveness to the nymphs whose lakes or waters were disturbed, explicitly presenting the lakes/waters as the dwelling of nymphs w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3366f876dd827cbc50641?page=327","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":-5,"wd":"27 BCE–17, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-27,"wt":17},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer","a":"Herbert Allen Giles","lg":"English","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"\"In that case,\" replied the Spirit of the River, \"what should I do and what should I avoid?\"","why":"The passage explicitly presents the river as embodied by a localized deity ('the Spirit of the River') engaged in dialogue with the Spirit of the Ocean, employing mythological convention in a philosophical fable.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6993569a83378b7aed7ce5b7?page=242","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":-300,"wd":"Warring States (Zhuangzi)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-370,"wt":-200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer","a":"Herbert Allen Giles","lg":"English","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"\"If this is the case,\" retorted the Spirit of the River, \"then please tell me: what is the value of Tao?\"","why":"The passage explicitly features the 'Spirit of the River' (a river god/spirit tied to the river) speaking as a conscious interlocutor in a dialogue, presented through literary and mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6993569a83378b7aed7ce5b7?page=243","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":-300,"wd":"Warring States (Zhuangzi)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-370,"wt":-200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer","a":"Herbert Allen Giles","lg":"English","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"\"What do you mean,\" asked the Spirit of the River, \"by the natural and the artificial?\"","why":"The passage portrays the Spirit of the River (He Bo) and the Spirit of the Ocean (Ruo of the North Sea) as dialogue partners and conscious beings embodying specific bodies of water, functioning within the literary/philos","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6993569a83378b7aed7ce5b7?page=245","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":-300,"wd":"Warring States (Zhuangzi)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-370,"wt":-200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1600,"ye":null,"t":"The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven","a":"Matteo Ricci","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"One might say I am marrying the River Lord","why":"The marginal comment refers to the River Lord, a traditional river deity, treating him as a person who can marry and feel fear, drawing on mythological and dramatic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af12380092756351e4478a?page=174","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river"},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷一百一之四 (vol 711)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The mist and haze of the nation depend solely on the Lord of the River; the territory of the nation depends solely on the Lord of the River.","why":"The passage cites a temple inscription honoring the Lord of the River (Spirit of the River Source), explicitly presenting the river god as a spiritual person tied to the river on whom the nation and its landscape depend.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c651339b4508b04e2c63d?page=27","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1878,"ye":null,"t":"Der Bundehesh","a":"Ferdinand Justi","lg":"German","tr":"zoroastrian","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"for this is said: the spirit of the Rangha asked Ahura Mazda: grant the first of my wishes, that I may rejoice in the abundance of the river Vanguhi; then create it in my abundance","why":"The passage explicitly presents the spirit of the river Rangha (and the spirit of the river Vanguhi) as a conscious personal entity tied to the specific river, speaking to Ahura Mazda and expressing personal wishes and m","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9581d9007d72ade0c407?page=69","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":700,"wd":"c. 400–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer","a":"Herbert Allen Giles","lg":"English","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"\"Very well,\" replied the Spirit of the River, \"am I then to regard the universe as great and the tip of a hair as small?\"","why":"The passage depicts the Spirit of the River (a river god tied to the water) conversing as a person with the Spirit of the Ocean, presented through philosophical dialogue as a literary/mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6993569a83378b7aed7ce5b7?page=236","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":-300,"wd":"Warring States (Zhuangzi)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-370,"wt":-200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十七之九 (vol 555)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The Spirit of the River glares in alarm, its claws and flower-like feet treading upon decay.","why":"The passage quotes Yang Xiong's rhapsody depicting the Spirit of the River as an embodied spirit tied to the river, featuring physical actions and traits (glaring in alarm, possessing claws and feet).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c647b39b4508b04e27620?page=128","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1650,"ye":null,"t":"Obeliscus Pamphilius","a":"Athanasius Kircher","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Furthermore, through the figure of a sitting dog with a sistrum or an ankh, they signified the Genius of the Nile, whom Horus calls Arpokyona or Sothis, but whom we more truly call .","why":"The text reports ancient Egyptian religious symbolism that signified the Genius (tutelary spirit) of the Nile river.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69527350ab34727b1f048c2e?page=374","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1650,"wd":"1650","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1650,"wt":1650},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百二十一: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 394)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"He said, \"I am the spirit of the River,\" and gave the River Map <note>original: Hetu</note> to Yu before returning to the depths.","why":"The passage quotes the Commentary on the Water Classic recounting the mythological encounter where Yu meets the spirit of the Yellow River, described as a tall man with a white face and fish body who identifies himself a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c616c879008ba7e15e399?page=11","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1795,"ye":null,"t":"Origine de tous les cultes ou religion universelle","a":"Dupuis, Charles-François","lg":"French","tr":"native-american","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"If one crosses a river, an offering of tobacco is made to the spirit of the river to obtain its favors.","why":"The passage explicitly states that when crossing a river, an offering of tobacco is made to the spirit of the river to obtain its favors, presenting the river as the dwelling or domain of a spirit tied to that place with","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c881c06c6f3cc53c8593a3?page=60","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1776,"wd":"1757–1795, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1757,"wt":1795},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume I","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Thus, when a river has been safely crossed, it is the custom in some parts to throw a stone into its waters, and to praise the itongo...","why":"The passage explicitly reports the South African tribal custom of throwing a stone into a river upon crossing it and praising the itongo (ancestral spirit), directly illustrating the belief that individual rivers are the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb1aec48f9ad103e3493?page=443","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume I","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"They carry with them a little fat or oil with which they anoint the stone, at the same time apostrophizing it; they promise that if they have a child, they will return and re-anoint it with more oil.","why":"The passage reports ethnographic observations of the Betsileo, who treat the sacred stones (vato-betroka) as persons by directly addressing ('apostrophizing') them and making conditional promises and vows in exchange for","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb1aec48f9ad103e3493?page=103","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"propitiate the spirits","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1687,"ye":null,"t":"Liu yi liu bie, 20 juan","a":"Unknown","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The Spirit of the River tells me she will give you a bright pearl.","why":"The poem explicitly mentions the 'Spirit of the River' communicating and offering a gift (a bright pearl), portraying a river spirit tied to a natural body of water within poetic tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33c10876dd827cbc597ed?page=144","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1500–1687","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1687},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume I","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Among the Baganda of Central Africa, before a traveler forded any river, he would ask the spirit of the river to give him a safe crossing and would throw a few coffee-berries as an offering into the water.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic belief and ritual practice of the Baganda, who address the spirit of the river and offer coffee-berries to secure safe passage.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb1aec48f9ad103e3493?page=445","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1687,"ye":null,"t":"Liu yi liu bie, 20 juan","a":"Unknown","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The Emperor announces to the spirit of the River Deity: The power of the Earth overflows, and the Yellow River produces treasures.","why":"The passage documents an imperial sacrificial liturgy directly addressing the spirit of the Yellow River (the River Deity) as an entity with whom humans enter into ritual relation and ask for protection.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33c10876dd827cbc597ed?page=670","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1500–1687","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1687},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷二十之二 (vol 379)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The figure said, \"I am the spirit of the River,\" and gave Yu the River Map <note>Hetu</note> to explain the management of waters, then retreated into the deep pool.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a narrative where Yu encounters the spirit of the River (a river god with a fish's body), who identifies himself as the spirit of the River, speaks to Yu, bestows the River Map (Hetu) to g","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63c639b4508b04e23284?page=77","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1929,"ye":null,"t":"Researches into Chinese Superstitions, Vol. 12","a":"Henri Doré","lg":"French","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"That is to say, they were drowned to give them in marriage to the Spirit of the river.","why":"The passage describes a sacrificial rite ('The Marriage of Young Girls with the River Uncle') in which girls were drowned to marry the Spirit of the river, presenting the river god as a spirit tied to the water with whom","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907b1f5f855ec553e70c6b?page=100","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1895,"wd":"1874–1915, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1874,"wt":1915},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定康熙字典·卷二十六 (vol 61)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"A note explains: The wang-liang is a mountain spirit that enjoys mimicking human voices to confuse and lead people astray.","why":"The passage cites classical commentaries and poetry identifying the wang-liang as a mountain spirit (or spirit of wood, stone, mountains, and rivers) that interacts with humans by mimicking their voices to mislead them, ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5eae40c88a541d8e4aab?page=49","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1922,"ye":null,"t":"Life and Teachings of Tukaram","a":"J. Nelson Fraser & J.F. Edwards","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Chandrabhaga: The spirit of the river is represented by a black stone image of a woman.","why":"The text describes a temple where Chandrabhaga, identified explicitly as the spirit of the River Bhima, is represented and worshipped in the form of a black stone image of a woman.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699258748812793469fd9b92?page=77","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1922,"wd":"1922","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1922,"wt":1922},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1781,"ye":null,"t":"Gotha Scholarly Journals for the Year 1781","a":"","lg":"German","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Here it was the custom that all girls who were to be married in that year had to bathe beforehand in the river Scamander and with loud words offer their virginity to the god of the river.","why":"The passage describes a ritual custom and narrative where the river Scamander is associated with a river god ('the god of the river' / 'the god Scamander') to whom brides-to-be offered their virginity, presented within a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51edbc35d928cea4f06ec?page=458","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1781,"wd":"1781","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1781,"wt":1781},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷二十三之七 (vol 411)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"In Baopuzi: One type of mountain spirit is called the Qi, another the Chaokong, another the Dan, and another the Flying Dragon. If you call their names, they dare not cause harm.","why":"The passage quotes the Baopuzi identifying specific types of mountain spirits (山精) inhabiting mountains and describes an apotropaic ritual relation with them: calling them by their true names prevents them from causing h","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63ecaf3c49b59c5c99ce?page=21","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1873,"ye":null,"t":"Russian Folk-Tales","a":"Alexander Afanasyev (trans. W. R. S. Ralston)","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"‘Uncle Ilmen! the Chorny has sent thee a petition, and has told me to say that a mill has been set in his way.","why":"The passage records a local folk legend in which Lake Ilmen ('Uncle Ilmen', appearing as a peasant in blue) and the Black Brook ('the Chorny', appearing as a stranger in black) are presented as personal spirits tied to t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e719570b32e23d63bf711e?page=232","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1856,"wd":"1841–1871, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1841,"wt":1871},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"o rgyan padma 'byung gnas kyi 'khrungs rabs rnam thar rgyas pa","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"When he was subdued by the sound of a bell, unable to maintain his magical display, he pleaded: \"Son of the Victorious One, please listen. I am the one called Yar-lha Shampo. Forgive my opposition to your mind. I offer my body, speech, and mind as your servant.\"","why":"The passage depicts the indigenous mountain deity Yar-lha Shampo manifesting physically from the landscape (at Shapo Lung) as a mountain-sized yak with weather-controlling powers, communicating directly with Padmasambhav","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788a44a6785cfd60d15ed?page=174","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":1350,"wd":"c. 1340–1360","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1340,"wt":1360},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Carmina Gadelica: Hymns and Incantations of the Western Highlands","a":"Alexander Carmichael","lg":"English, Scottish Gaelic","tr":"european-folk","c":"cave","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The term also refers to a supernatural being of malevolent influence dwelling in dark caves, woods, and mountain hollows <note>original: corries</note>; it can also represent a specific period of time.","why":"The text explicitly describes the cailleach as a supernatural being dwelling in specific natural places (dark caves, woods, and mountain hollows / corries), reported from Highland tradition by a collector/folklorist (out","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695583f05336c55c8910fc04?page=256","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1874,"wd":"1847–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"Engelbach, JohannHilgard, Johann: Disputatio Prima De Amicitia","a":"Engelbach, Johann","lg":"Latin","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"I add, however, that these creatures do not exist, and once certain claims that Paracelsus attributes to them are rejected, it cannot be firmly demonstrated by philosophical reasoning.","why":"The author explicitly denies the existence of Paracelsus's elemental creatures/water spirits (such as Melusina), asserting 'these creatures do not exist' in a polemical academic disputation rejecting Paracelsus's claims.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a4a5db33f0b4659d1bc23bd?page=14","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1620,"wd":"c. 1600–1650","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1650},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"The History of Korea, Vol. 1","a":"Homer B. Hulbert","lg":"English","tr":"korean-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Striking the water's surface with his bow, he called upon the spirit of the river to aid him, for behind him the dust rose from the plain beneath the hoofbeats of his brothers' horses.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts Chu-mong calling upon the 'spirit of the river' to aid him at the Eum-ho River, depicting the river as inhabited by or associated with a spirit with whom humans can interact. The Western h","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259158812793469fe1f85?page=189","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the river","yw":1892,"wd":"1878–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1914,"ye":null,"t":"Hausa Folk-Tales: The Hausa Text (bilingual)","a":"A.J.N. Tremearne","lg":"Hausa","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"animal-person","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The gazelle said, \"Who is it cutting this wood?\"","why":"In this folktale, the gazelle is presented as a person who speaks, converses, gives water to, and wrestles with the human boy.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e011bb4e6773d0608553fe?page=144","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1914,"wd":"1914","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1914,"wt":1914},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1594,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Works of Bai Yuchan","a":"Bai Yuchan (白玉蟾, 1194–?)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Below the palace, he looked down at the courtyard, painting the image of the God of the Mountain and sculpting the local deities to enshrine them.","why":"The text explicitly describes painting an image of the God of the Mountain and sculpting local deities to enshrine them at the mountain hermitage, showing ritual relations with spirits tied to the mountain and local terr","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd0aaab01b17638a097e63?page=299","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1218,"wd":"1209–1227, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1209,"wt":1227},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1594,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Works of Bai Yuchan","a":"Bai Yuchan (白玉蟾, 1194–?)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The water spirit moved away to the Dragon Palace;","why":"The text describes the Seventh Bend (the green bay) as the former dwelling of a localized water spirit who departed for the Dragon Palace amidst storm and thunder, presenting the place as the home of a spirit tied to tha","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd0aaab01b17638a097e63?page=159","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1218,"wd":"1209–1227, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1209,"wt":1227},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Dragon in China and Japan","a":"Marinus Willem de Visser","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The Thunder, angry at this insult, came down with a loud roar and trampled upon the stone monument, but while he was smashing it, he was seized (by Sukaru's ghost).","why":"The passage quotes an ancient Japanese legend where thunder (a weather phenomenon) is treated as a personal being that experiences anger, physically tramples a monument, is physically seized, and is released after negoti","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907981b621b177c1af7fe0?page=217","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1902,"wd":"1890–1913, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1890,"wt":1913},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Dragon in China and Japan","a":"Marinus Willem de Visser","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Three hundred thirty-three gō (合) of \"red rice\" (sekihan), in a new wooden rice bowl, were offered to the Dragon-god of Hakone Lake in the following way.","why":"The passage explicitly describes an annual rite (the Dragon-god festival) where offerings of red rice were made by a priest to the Dragon-god of Hakone Lake, presenting the lake as the dwelling of a spirit tied to that s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907981b621b177c1af7fe0?page=200","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1902,"wd":"1890–1913, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1890,"wt":1913},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"bKa' brgyad yongs 'dus spyi lung mdor bsdus","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"The celestial planets and the gods and spirits of the waters <note>Nagas</note> were bound by oath.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the spirits of the waters (nāgas) tied to a specific body of water (the Indian Ocean) as beings bound by oath who receive ritual offerings (torma) and are commanded to carry out activities.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e77ac90fc6fc955e3622a7?page=165","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1600–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཚི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 49)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The Great Black <term>Dakini</term> <gloss>a female sky-roaming spirit or deity</gloss> of the lone tree, the charnel ground, the mountains and mountain caves, the villages, the crossroads, and the fields; especially those who dwell in empty houses, those who harm sentient beings, those of the plains, and especially those","why":"The passage is a Buddhist liturgical ritual text directly summoning spirits tied to specific places (such as the lone tree, mountains, mountain caves, fields, and plains) to receive a ritual torma offering.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe9cd56a920ffd924d937e?page=673","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":850,"wd":"c. 700–1000, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mdo mang rin chen phreng ba","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The eight classes of gods and spirits residing in the sky, earth, and atmosphere, and all Lords of the Earth, Nagas, and Gnyan are mended by the truth of the Buddha!","why":"The ritual passage explicitly identifies spirits dwelling in the sky, earth, and atmosphere—specifically naming Lords of the Earth (sa bdag), Nagas, and Gnyan—and performs a rite to pacify, mend, and establish harmonious","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788a74a6785cfd60d17bf?page=313","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1500–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1765,"ye":null,"t":"On the Cave of the Nymphs","a":"Porphyrius, 233-301","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"And through that, sacrifices and votive offerings were brought, with which sailors supplicated the Nymphs, the guardians of the place.","why":"The text explicitly states that sailors brought sacrifices and votive offerings to supplicate the Nymphs as the guardians of the place, discussed here within the context of poetic and mythological interpretation of Homer","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51eceff09e4fe943b51f1?page=65","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":275,"wd":"248–301, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":248,"wt":301},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"house-hearth","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"If a snake that is an ancestor spirit enters a house brazenly, it is recognized as the spirit of a man who was a rogue while he was alive.","why":"The passage directly describes an animal (a snake) as an ancestor spirit embodying the personality of a deceased human who was a rogue in life, and notes that people establish a ritual relationship with it through offeri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=208","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mdo mang rin chen phreng ba","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"The ritual for this: this Dhurani called the Garuda’s Beak was taught by the Teacher to destroy, eat, disturb, and scatter all malicious Nagas, malicious spirits of the waters, and malicious lords of the soil.","why":"The passage explicitly presents natural domains as inhabited by spirits—naming 'spirits of the waters' and 'lords of the soil'—who cause physical ailments and with whom humans interact through ritual subjection and recit","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788a74a6785cfd60d17bf?page=287","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1500–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"But we say the umhlwazi snake <gloss>59</gloss> is an ancestor spirit <note>original: itongo</note>, and we go right up to it.","why":"The passage, from an ethnographic and missionary work reporting Zulu religious beliefs, explicitly presents the umhlwazi snake as an ancestor spirit (itongo) with whom humans interact directly.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=210","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"The diviners said, \"That is your chief; he has come to heal his son’s child.\"","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the mamba snake as the deceased chief embodied as an animal to heal his grandson, reported as an ethnographic account of Zulu religious belief and practice.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=213","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"ancestor","v":"insider","rel":"kinship","q":"This is the account of the mamba which is the ancestor spirit of our people among the Amapepete tribe.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies an animal (a mamba) as an ancestor spirit (itongo) of the Amapepete people, stating that their chief Umaziya became a mamba upon departing his human body.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=212","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"house-hearth","s":"ancestor","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"It is right to seek out an offering, if one is available, so that this \"little old woman\" spirit <note>original: isalukazana</note> might be driven away and depart.","why":"The passage describes certain lizards or animals as manifestations of ancestor spirits of deceased women ('little old women') who bring misfortune, and describes the traditional rite of sacrificing a goat or calf to appe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=225","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The lizard <note>Specifically the izalukazana variety</note> is said to be the Itongo <note>an ancestor spirit</note> of a woman who died at a very old age.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the lizard (specifically the izalukazana) is regarded as the itongo (ancestor spirit) of an old woman, presenting a natural animal as an ancestral person/spirit in an ethnographic accou","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=223","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"house-hearth","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Those little old women are the masters of the village; they must not be killed; they are to be respected.","why":"The passage is an ethnographic account reporting the Zulu belief and practice in which lizards found in the cattle pen are treated as ancestral spirits ('little old women', 'masters of the village') that must be respecte","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=226","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1870,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of the Amazulu","a":"Henry Callaway","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Cloudy-Sky, during one of his earthly stays, had allied himself with the thunder-birds to fight against the spirits of the waters, and with his own hand killed the son of Unktahe, the God of rivers.","why":"The passage explicitly cites a Sioux legend featuring 'spirits of the waters' and 'Unktahe, the God of rivers' (and his son) as personal beings tied to water/rivers with whom a human ('Cloudy-Sky') directly interacts in ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552dc42054c7ce717633f?page=390","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1851,"wd":"1832–1870, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1832,"wt":1870},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1928,"ye":null,"t":"Statius: Thebaid, Vol. 1","a":"Statius (trans. J.H. Mozley)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"the Naiad marvels at the sweet\nkisses nor believes that her husband has come through the sea.","why":"The text explicitly describes a Naiad (a water nymph of the springs) who kisses and marvels at her husband arriving through the water/sea, portraying a water nymph tied to springs as a living person with agency and emoti","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aec0eadd3c98abc0da7bfe?page=70","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":76,"wd":"55–96, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":55,"wt":96},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1928,"ye":null,"t":"Statius: Thebaid, Vol. 1","a":"Statius (trans. J.H. Mozley)","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"He summons the spirits of the waters, and as they throng round him in silence he begins: \"Ye rustic Nymphs, deities of the streams, no small portion of my train, fulfil the task that I now do set you.\"","why":"The passage depicts the spirits of the waters ('rustic Nymphs, deities of the streams') as dwelling beings tied to the Argolic river-springs, brooks, and pools, who possess personal agency, physical features, and enter i","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aec0eadd3c98abc0da7bfe?page=597","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":76,"wd":"55–96, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":55,"wt":96},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1668,"ye":null,"t":"Dissertation on the Origin and Progress of Chemistry","a":"Borch, Ole","lg":"Latin","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"Nymphs are spiritual men and women, or corporeal spirits inhabiting the waters, such as Melusina was: <term>A water-woman living in the water</term>.","why":"The text defines nymphs as spiritual men and women or corporeal spirits that inhabit the waters, citing Melusina as an example of a water-woman living in water, reporting this concept in an alchemical glossary.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51dd2cf111105c429116f?page=609","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1655,"wd":"1641–1668, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1641,"wt":1668},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1863,"ye":null,"t":"Dictionnaire Infernal","a":"Jacques Collin de Plancy","lg":"French","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"In Sweden, they believe in the spirit of the waters.","why":"The passage explicitly reports Swedish folklore regarding spirits tied to specific bodies of water ('Each river has its own' and the spirit/genius of Lake Mjörn) who dwell there and enter into relations with local people","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6999988f4310a671394526ee?page=518","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1836,"wd":"1809–1863, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1809,"wt":1863},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1474,"ye":null,"t":"Repertorium vocabularum equisitorum [sic] oratorie poesis et historiarum [...]","a":"Konrad","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Just as the one whom Erisichthon heard speaking when the Dircean tree was cut.","why":"The passage explicitly presents a tree as the dwelling of a spirit (a Dryad or 'Nymph under the bark') who speaks when the tree is cut, citing Ovid's mythological account.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6310a1c1c21a373804fb2?page=144","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1290,"wd":"c. 1280–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1280,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1474,"ye":null,"t":"Repertorium vocabularum equisitorum [sic] oratorie poesis et historiarum [...]","a":"Konrad","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The tree holds the Hamadryads, the forest the Dryads, the meadows the Napaeae.","why":"The passage explicitly describes natural entities (trees, forests, meadows) as holding or being inhabited by specific nature spirits/nymphs (Hamadryads, Dryads, Napaeae) tied to those places, presented within a classical","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6310a1c1c21a373804fb2?page=65","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1290,"wd":"c. 1280–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1280,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1474,"ye":null,"t":"Repertorium vocabularum equisitorum [sic] oratorie poesis et historiarum [...]","a":"Konrad","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"LAngia is sometimes a naiad or a river goddess.","why":"The text explicitly identifies Langia as a naiad or river goddess tied to a specific spring/river in the Nemean forest, cited from classical poetic and mythological tradition (Statius's Thebaid).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b6310a1c1c21a373804fb2?page=198","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1290,"wd":"c. 1280–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1280,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Magic and Religion in North Africa","a":"Edmond Doutté","lg":"French","tr":"ethnography","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"the current of the water or the spirits of the waters could, indeed, ravish the image of the imprudent person or the coquette who peered at themselves in this way.","why":"The passage reports an ancient Greek belief and taboo that the 'spirits of the waters' inhabiting water could ravish or seize the external soul or reflection of a person looking into it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990793c7d066daf3b4a9536?page=391","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1896,"wd":"1882–1909, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1882,"wt":1909},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷二十四~卷二十九 (vol 110)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"After the Qingming Festival and the blooming of the peach blossoms, the spirits of the waters, Yang Hou and Luo Bin, no longer sigh.","why":"The passage invokes Yang Hou (god of the waves) and Luo Bin (the goddess of the Luo River) as traditional spirits tied to bodies of water, using poetic convention to depict them reacting to the season.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c660d39b4508b04e31667?page=27","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Ritual and Belief in Morocco, Vol. 2","a":"Edward Westermarck","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"spring-well","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"...as the spirits of the waters like to have it.","why":"The passage ethnographically reports that mountaineers make food offerings at the spring Imi n Tâla to appease the spirits of the waters associated with the site.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907957b621b177c1af63f9?page=305","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1908,"wd":"1877–1939, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1939},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1723,"ye":null,"t":"Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses des peuples idolatres : avec une explication historique, & quelques dissert","a":"Picart, Bernard (1673-1733)","lg":"French","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Toward the month of September and in the time of the new moon, the King, who as we have already said, is the visible God of the country, or at least the Vicar of the Divinity, departs with a large retinue from <term>Simbaöé</term> <gloss>Zimbawe</gloss> his capital, and goes to a certain hill, which is the tomb of the Kings, to perform a solemn nine-day ritual <note>a neuvaine</note> in honor <margin>(a)</margin> of the souls of his predecessors.","why":"The passage reports an ethnographic rite where the King travels to a specific hill, the burial place of former monarchs, to conduct a solemn ritual and funeral feast in honor of the souls of his royal predecessors, treat","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a100a94f71729295097066f?page=604","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":1706,"wd":"1688–1723, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1688,"wt":1723},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1723,"ye":null,"t":"Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses des peuples idolatres : avec une explication historique, & quelques dissert","a":"Picart, Bernard (1673-1733)","lg":"French","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"that under the reign of Hiao-vu, the Chinese began to place great men in the rank of heroes and demigods; that they honored the tutelary spirits of the waters, mountains, forests, and every kind of spirit; that they raised temples to these heroes and spirits; and that they proposed the noble actions of the former as models.","why":"The passage reports the Chinese practice of honoring tutelary spirits of natural places (waters, mountains, and forests) and raising temples to them, presenting these natural features as the domains of tied spirits with ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a100a94f71729295097066f?page=250","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1706,"wd":"1688–1723, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1688,"wt":1723},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1480,"ye":null,"t":"Opera (incunabulum)","a":"Ovid","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"As soon as she touched the pools of her sister Juturna, she says, \"Flee the bank,\" and relates the words of Jove.","why":"The text explicitly identifies Juturna as a Naiad (water nymph) and refers to the waters as 'the pools of her sister Juturna' ('stagna Iuturnae'), presenting the body of water as the realm/dwelling of a specific localize","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de10105cedf736edb85110?page=40","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":-5,"wd":"27 BCE–17, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-27,"wt":17},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1503,"ye":null,"t":"Ovid: Fasti, Tristia, and Letters from the Black Sea","a":"Ovid","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"field-crop","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"I was Chloris, a Nymph of the fields, where you hear","why":"The passage explicitly presents Chloris (Flora) as a nymph of the fields (the plains of the blessed), identifying her as a nature spirit tied to that place who interacts and converses with the poet.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2216808069e96e842fb56?page=139","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":13,"wd":"13","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":13,"wt":13},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"And the oaks spoke: 'What did the cowherd ever do to you?'","why":"In this poetic passage, the oaks are portrayed as sentient persons capable of speech and moral reproach, directly addressing the murderous maiden in lamentation for the slain cowherd.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938e685d28b693146d0737?page=486","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1579,"ye":null,"t":"Historical and Poetical Dictionary","a":"Charles Estienne","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Juturna, daughter of Daunus, sister of Turnus, king of the Rutulians, whom Jupiter, for her stolen virginity, gifted with immortality and made a nymph of the river Numicus.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Juturna as an immortal nymph tied to the river Numicus, in which she dwells, based on classical mythological and poetic tradition (Virgil).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f4b85ef23d31023f7996?page=380","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1542,"wd":"1519–1564, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1519,"wt":1564},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1624,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Italy","a":"Philipp Clüver","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"She herself seemed to speak: “I am the nymph of the placid Numicius.”","why":"The passage, quoting Ovid's Fasti, relates the myth and festival of Anna Perenna, who becomes a nymph dwelling perennially in the river Numicius and receives wine and feast offerings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21c3c429e087c6f86448e?page=131","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1609,"wd":"1595–1622, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1595,"wt":1622},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"The Odes of Pindar","a":"Pindar (tr. John Edwin Sandys)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Castalia, fountain at Delphi, O. vii 17, ix 17; P. i 39, iv 163, v 31; N. vi 38, xi 24; paean vi 8; nymph of the fountain, O. ix 17","why":"The passage identifies Castalia both as a fountain at Delphi and explicitly as the 'nymph of the fountain', presenting the natural spring as a spirit/person tied to that specific place.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69924f3f09c5da0cf50d7b8d?page=677","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":-453,"wd":"506–401 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-506,"wt":-401},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1657,"ye":null,"t":"The history of magick","a":"Naudé, Gabriel","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"These men, being tasked with dealing with rough and savage people and obliged to introduce great alterations into the government of their countries, have prudently pretended to have communication with the gods, since those fictions and pretenses were advantageous even to those whom they persuaded to a belief in them.","why":"The passage explains away the belief in the nymph Egeria (described as a nymph of the mountains) as a political fiction and pretense prudently invented by Numa to govern rough people.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c879e06c6f3cc53c858579?page=141","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1634,"wd":"1615–1653, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1615,"wt":1653},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1518,"ye":null,"t":"Ioannis Iouiani Pontani amorum libri 2. De amore coniugali 3. Tumulorum 2, qui in superiore aliorum poematon e","a":"Giovanni Gioviano Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"She entrusts him to her Sebethis <note>the nymph of the river Sebethus</note>, and soon, below the very","why":"In this mythological poem, Sebethis (the nymph of the Neapolitan river Sebethus) is depicted as a localized river nymph and personal being who watches over Cupid by the flowing water and is affected by his love poison.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08573a15c643eb1af5b057?page=300","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1524,"ye":null,"t":"Odysseia. ; Batrachomyomachia. ; Hymnoi. AB. = Vlyssea. ; Batrachomyomachia. ; Hymni. XXXII","a":"Homer","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cave","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"There, stepping from the violet-colored sea, he went\nonto the land, until he reached a great cave, in which the nymph\nof the beautiful braids dwelt.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a natural feature (a great cave on the island) as the dwelling of a nymph (Calypso), presenting the place as the home of a localized divine being who interacts with gods and mortals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a084f7c15c643eb1af44e12?page=89","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":-793,"wd":"885–701 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-885,"wt":-701},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1541,"ye":null,"t":"Dictionary of Proper Names","a":"Robert Estienne","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Aegeria, a nymph of the Arician grove, and wife of Numa Pompilius, the second king of the Romans, who, as Ovid testifies in book 15 of the Metamorphoses, after Numa died, turned into a spring of her own name on account of her grief from weeping.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies Aegeria as a nymph of the Arician grove who transformed into a spring bearing her name, citing classical mythological/poetic sources.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f49af9f1ad2b3b154120?page=21","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1541,"wd":"1541","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1541,"wt":1541},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"Sophocles: Ajax","a":"Sophocles","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"O for tidings from some toiling fisher, busy about his sleepless quest,—or from some nymph of the Olympian heights, or of the streams that flow toward Bosporus,—if anywhere such has seen the man of fierce spirit roaming!","why":"The chorus wishes to receive tidings of Ajax from a nymph of the Olympian heights or of the streams flowing toward the Bosporus, presenting these specific mountain heights and waterways as the dwellings of local nature s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69937761b0a84a57639638ae?page=213","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":-442,"wd":"480–405 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":-480,"wt":-405},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1574,"ye":null,"t":"Argonautica","a":"Apollonius Rhodius (ed. Henri II Estienne)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"For they were of the lineage of Ares and a close-dwelling\nNymph, who bore to Ares war-loving daughters,\nHaving lain with him in the folds of the Acmonian grove.","why":"The passage and its commentary identify a local/close-dwelling nymph (a Naiad) residing in or tied to the Acmonian grove who conceives the Amazons with Ares, representing a nature spirit tied to a specific natural place ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f33221208ea9dc277d1f?page=125","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-246,"wd":"279–214 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-279,"wt":-214},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1960,"ye":null,"t":"The Geography of Strabo, Vol. VI (Loeb, Jones 1917)","a":"Strabo (trans. Horace Leonard Jones)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"\"he pierced with his spear Satnius, son of Oenops, whom a noble Naiad nymph bore to Oenops, as he tended his herds beside the banks of the Satnioeis\"","why":"Quoting Homer, the passage describes a Naiad nymph who bore Satnius to Oenops beside the banks of the river Satnioeis, presenting a spirit tied to a specific body of water with whom a human stands in relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aff41c45364012cf421769?page=163","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-13,"wd":"50 BCE–24, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-50,"wt":24},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1574,"ye":null,"t":"Argonautica","a":"Apollonius Rhodius (ed. Henri II Estienne)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"But as soon as he plunged the pitcher into the flow\n\"Leaning sideways, and the water roared loudly,\nCarried into the echoing bronze.\" Immediately she,\nPlaced her left arm over his neck,\nEager to kiss his tender mouth; and with her right hand\nShe pulled him down into the water.","why":"The passage depicts a water nymph emerging from a specific fountain ('The Springs') and physically interacting with Hylas, embracing him and pulling him down into the water.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f33221208ea9dc277d1f?page=72","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":-246,"wd":"279–214 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-279,"wt":-214},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1579,"ye":null,"t":"The Idylls and Epigrams of Theocritus","a":"Theocritus (ed. Henri II Estienne)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"And he took the Naiad <gloss>nymph of the springs</gloss> nymph into marriage, although he was still a very young man.","why":"The passage describes Daphnis marrying a Naiad (a spring nymph), representing a water spirit tied to springs entering into a personal relationship with a human within poetic/mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f4280e2f024dfbfbb79d?page=99","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-293,"wd":"385–201 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-385,"wt":-201},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1557,"ye":null,"t":"In M. Vitruvium De architectura annotationes Guilielmi Philandri","a":"Vitruvius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Quench your thirst from there, and indeed near the Naiad\nNymphs, you also bring your whole flock to a stop.","why":"The translated epigram presents the Clitorian fountain and its caves as the dwelling place of Naiad nymphs, whom a shepherd encounters and halts his flock near while quenching his thirst.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b64f1318b87551bfc9053b?page=300","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-50,"wd":"100–1 BCE","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":-100,"wt":-1},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1579,"ye":null,"t":"The Idylls and Epigrams of Theocritus","a":"Theocritus (ed. Henri II Estienne)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"And from that time on, Daphnis became the first among the shepherds,\nAnd while still a youth, he married the Naiad <gloss>nymph of the springs</gloss>.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Daphnis married a Naiad (a nymph of the springs), depicting a spirit tied to fresh water entering into a personal relationship (marriage) with a human within pastoral poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f4280e2f024dfbfbb79d?page=98","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-293,"wd":"385–201 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-385,"wt":-201},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1919,"ye":null,"t":"Martial: Epigrams I, Books 1-5 (Loeb)","a":"Martial","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Secure thou, Argynnus, mayst tend this fount: the nymphs will do thee no harm; but ware the god himself!","why":"Epigram XV presents Ianthis' fountain as inhabited and ruled by a Naiad ('shuns the Naiad, its mistress') and nymphs who dwell in and watch over the waters ('amorous waters', 'the nymphs will do thee no harm'), as well a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de0cb980210ba13d79f294?page=457","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":80,"wd":"55–104, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":55,"wt":104},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"Ovid: Fasti, Tristia, and Letters from the Black Sea; with Ptolemy on the Fixed Stars","a":"Ovid & Ptolemy","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"She would lie now in the woods among the hazel thickets: Now she would leap down into the related waters.","why":"The passage depicts Juturna as a water nymph (Naiad) tied to and taking refuge in her 'related waters' alongside other Latin and Tiberine nymphs who inhabit and hold the waters and groves of Latium.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2222e08069e96e8432c2a?page=104","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":13,"wd":"13","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":13,"wt":13},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1630,"ye":null,"t":"Dissertatio de vita et scriptis Porphyrii","a":"Holstein, Lucas","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"And for that reason, it is sacred not to mountain nymphs, nor to those of the summits or hilltops, but to the Naiads, who are so called from springs <note>Greek: <term>namata</term></note>.","why":"The passage explicitly discusses the Homeric cave with perennial waters as sacred to the Naiads (nymphs of springs/waters presiding over them), fitting the category of spirits tied to a particular place within mythologic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c872fa6c6f3cc53c8579c3","fm":true,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1621,"wd":"1611–1630, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1611,"wt":1630},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1917,"ye":null,"t":"Greek Anthology, Vol. III: Books 9 (Epigrams of Various Authors) through 11","a":"ed. & trans. W.R. Paton","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"For here the tree-nymphs and the Nereids of the sea established their common meeting place; they fought over me, and Poseidon sat as judge, and placed me as a border between both of them.","why":"The passage explicitly presents a coastal location speaking in the first person as the disputed meeting place of tree-nymphs (Dryads) and sea-nymphs (Nereids), framed through poetic/mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a089bee2b703903f58e7ed0?page=380","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":-50,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–600","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1837,"ye":null,"t":"Lectures on the Philosophy of History","a":"Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"However, the meaning they attached to it was not an objective property of the fountain itself, but a subjective one—created by the human observer—which further elevates the Naiad <note>A water nymph in Greek mythology.</note> to the status of a Muse.","why":"Hegel explicitly explains away the Greek belief in nature spirits such as Pan and Naiads inhabiting fountains, arguing that such communications and meanings are not objective properties of the natural phenomena themselve","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695435031479a63c1108a988?page=287","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1808,"wd":"1785–1831, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1785,"wt":1831},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"Demonology and Devil-Lore","a":"Moncure Daniel Conway","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"In that world, the sun is a chariot pulled by shining horses and driven by a radiant deity; the stars rise and move by divine command or arbitrary power; the tree is the home of a spirit; and the fountain springs from the vessel of a water nymph","why":"The author reports the beliefs of an earlier era ('In that world...'), explicitly describing natural elements as inhabited by or associated with personal spirits: 'the tree is the home of a spirit; and the fountain sprin","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906a3fd69de0e69806ff05?page=23","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1863,"wd":"1847–1879, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1879},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"Demonology and Devil-Lore","a":"Moncure Daniel Conway","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"In Canada, when hunters kill a bear, one of them approaches it and places the stem of his pipe between his teeth, breathes into the bowl, and—by filling the animal's mouth with smoke—pleads with its soul not to be offended by its death.","why":"The passage reports an ethnographic rite in which hunters treat the bear as a person possessed of a soul and ghost, offering it tobacco smoke and pleading with it directly to appease it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906a3fd69de0e69806ff05?page=169","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"appease the spirits","yw":1863,"wd":"1847–1879, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1879},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Profane Prose and Other Poems","a":"Rubén Darío","lg":"Spanish","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The sea sings with the music of its nymphs in a choir","why":"The poem explicitly figures the sea as inhabited by its own sea nymphs ('its nymphs in a choir') and mentions a naiad weaving foam, adopting classical poetic conventions where water bodies are the dwellings of localized ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7491685f786e884a4d62a?page=157","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1896,"wd":"1896","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1896,"wt":1896},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1733,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ba","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Then, the Blessed One, having understood that the Naga King Sagara had offered the invitation for the meal, addressed the monks: \"Monks, the Naga King Sagara has [invited us] for the meal—\"","why":"The passage depicts the Naga King Sagara (a ruler of the ocean/water realm) preparing his palace courtyard and offering a meal invitation to the Buddha and the community of monks, presenting a localized water-spirit (nāg","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abac5f1a22ab19a9c16c?page=244","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1733,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ba","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Then Sagara, the King of Nagas, went to where the Bhagavan was, bowed his head at the feet of the Bhagavan, and made offerings to the Bhagavan.","why":"The passage depicts the Great Ocean as the dwelling of Sagara, the King of Nagas, who acts as a person by approaching the Buddha, bowing at his feet, and presenting offerings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abac5f1a22ab19a9c16c?page=245","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur rGyud Tsa","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"To make offerings to the Nagas <gloss>serpent spirits</gloss>, fast for one day on the fifth of the month, go to an anthill and sit there, reciting the mantra one thousand and eight times; then, upon seeing a snake, say: \"Go to such-and-blood person and bite them!\"","why":"The text prescribes a ritual offering to the Nagas (serpent spirits) performed specifically at an anthill, where the practitioner interacts with the spirits and directs a snake, treating the natural feature/animal as tie","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abeb5f1a22ab19aa0542?page=169","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the nāgas","yw":800,"wd":"c. 600–1000, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":600,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Spyi don legs bshad rgya mtsho","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the fifth, he went to the abode of the Naga King Mucalinda.","why":"The text explicitly states that in the fifth week he went to the 'abode of the Naga King Mucalinda', presenting a specific natural dwelling/abode tied to a named water/serpent spirit (nāga king) with whom the Buddha inte","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e763afcc48e59ad74f3b9f?page=9","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Tsha","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Ordinary worldly people, through food and drink, make offerings to the local gods of the snow mountains.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that people make offerings of food and drink to the local gods of the snow mountains, treating the mountains as the home of local deities with whom humans maintain reciprocal ritual relatio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e1372f45ee330c27485e?page=136","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":800,"wd":"c. 600–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":600,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1892,"ye":null,"t":"राजतरङ्गिणी (Rājataraṅgiṇī), Vol. 1","a":"Kalhana","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"When rituals were disrupted and sacrificial acts were discontinued in the kingdom, the Nagas <gloss>serpent-deities</gloss> caused a destruction of the people by sending heavy snowfalls.","why":"The passage depicts the Nagas (serpent-deities of Kashmir) and their king Nila as place-tied beings who respond to human rituals and sacrifices, sending heavy snowfalls when ceremonies cease and stopping the deluge when ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ea3e6b300d991d0f1d337d?page=25","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":1151,"wd":"1086–1215, around the author's floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1086,"wt":1215},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"gling sku rje ge sar rgyal po'i rtogs par brjod pa ngo mtshar rgya mtsho'i phreng ba las hor gling g.yul 'gyed","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"That turquoise mandala of Lake Mapham is the palace of the Naga King Jogpo.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Lake Mapham is the palace of the Naga King Jogpo, presenting a specific natural lake as the dwelling of a spirit (a nāga) tied to that place within the text's own religious and cultural","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f3f6cebc58893321c7e?page=94","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":1875,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1600,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Kanjur 'Dul ba Nga","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"In the river Nairanjana, there was a dwelling of the Naga King Kalika, born from the ripening of his past karma.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the river Nairanjana as the dwelling of the Naga King Kalika, a water spirit/nāga tied to the river who perceives the Bodhisattva and directly addresses and praises him.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abf75f1a22ab19aa12e0?page=26","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ya","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Then, the Goddess of the Bodhi Tree addressed the Bhagavan in this way: \"Bhagavan, ten thousand sons of the gods have come before the Bhagavan from the Abode of the Thirty-Three Gods <note>The heaven of Indra, Trayastrimsha</note> to hear the Dharma.","why":"The passage explicitly introduces the 'Goddess of the Bodhi Tree' as an active, speaking interlocutor who addresses the Buddha, representing a spirit tied to a specific tree/natural place within Buddhist canonical narrat","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abba5f1a22ab19a9d05e?page=361","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":375,"wd":"c. 300–450, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":450},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ya","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"At that time, a tree deity showed half of its body and said: \"Excellent, excellent! Noble son, because you possess the authentic meaning, you are called Water-Bringer; it is right for you to give water out of love for these fish.\"","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree deity manifesting half of its body to speak directly with the merchant's son Water-Bringer, representing a tree as the dwelling of a spirit tied to that place with whom a human enter","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abba5f1a22ab19a9d05e?page=368","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":375,"wd":"c. 300–450, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":450},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Ya","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Venerable Bhagavan, if the gods abandon that land, then all the assemblies of gods dwelling in that land will also abandon it.","why":"The passage explicitly describes 'assemblies of gods dwelling in that land' whose presence protects the realm and whose departure brings strife and calamity, depicting the land as the dwelling of resident spirits with wh","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abba5f1a22ab19a9d05e?page=108","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":375,"wd":"c. 300–450, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":450},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1720,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur Phal chen Ga","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"for example, regarding the Naga King of the Lake Manasarovar, when he wishes to play with the great play of the Naga King, and wishes for sentient beings to have happiness and to be completely satisfied, at that time, from the surface of the earth of the four-continent world system upwards, as far as the abode of the god Vashavartin, the King of the Gods, he completely covers it with a net of clouds of various colors, possessing many colors.","why":"The passage explicitly names and describes the Naga King of Lake Manasarovar as a personal being tied to the lake who possesses intentions, agency, and goodwill toward sentient beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab365f1a22ab19a94b87?page=139","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"gsang sngags rjes su 'dzin pa'i mdo (second copy)","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"If they do not fall immediately, the bodies of all those Nāgas will be destroyed, their heads will ache, and great suffering will arise.","why":"The passage describes a ritual rite where offerings are thrown into a Nāga pond to please the Nāgas dwelling there so they will produce rain, treating the pond as inhabited by localized spirits who experience pleasure an","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788b04a6785cfd60d1adb?page=23","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":650,"wd":"c. 500–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":500,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur rGyud 'bum Da","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"All nāgas will do whatever they are told.","why":"The text describes a ritual where scattering mustard seeds into a lake produces rain and compels all nāgas (spirits tied to bodies of water) to obey commands, treating the lake as the dwelling of spirits with whom humans","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aaca5f1a22ab19a8d60f?page=439","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":750,"wd":"c. 600–900, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":600,"wt":900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa gcod kyi lo rgyus","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"spring-well","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Carry it to that haunted spring.","why":"The text describes a ritual practice directing the practitioner to a 'haunted spring' to identify and engage with the resident class of spirits (specifically preparing medicine for Naga-tormas), presenting the spring as ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e782efd93c1f6007505730?page=86","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naga king","yw":1100,"wd":"c. 1000–1200","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1000,"wt":1200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1700,"ye":null,"t":"Thadrak Kanjur mDo sde Za","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The Naga King Sagara stayed in the great southern ocean with his tail, and placed his head on the peak of Mount Meru, thinking, \"I shall look only at the Blessed One.\"","why":"The passage depicts the great southern ocean as the dwelling of the Naga King Sagara, a conscious spirit tied to that water who possesses intentional thoughts, devotional feelings, and a relationship with the Blessed One","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab065f1a22ab19a91888?page=316","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":400,"wd":"c. 100–700, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Byis pa'i chung glud","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To all nine levels of Earth Lords <term>Sa-dag</term>...","why":"The ritual text directly addresses and invokes the Earth Lords (Sa-dag, lords of the soil) and their retinue along with other spirits tied to the natural world to receive offerings (formless fragrant scent), presenting t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e761f0cc48e59ad74f256e?page=80","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1400–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1400,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu Thub dbang rnam thar Ka","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"the daughter of the Naga of the Nairanjana emerged from beneath the earth and offered a mind-created lion throne.","why":"The passage explicitly names the 'Naga of the Nairanjana' tied to the Nairanjana River, whose daughter emerges from beneath the earth and offers a throne to the Bodhisattva, presenting the river as the realm of a residen","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e16e311a9edd4622113d?page=46","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":1655,"wd":"1625–1684, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1625,"wt":1684},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འཁྲི་ཤིང། ཀེ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 170)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"Then, a being wearing precious armlets, with the tinkling sound of golden small bells, holding a golden water vessel in his hands, emerged from the middle of a tree.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree as the dwelling place of a spirit or deity ('emerged from the middle of a tree', 'invisible tree dwelling') with whom the travelers interact and receive water.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abed1ac896ea18127c8ca6c?page=552","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1048,"wd":"c. 1040–1055, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1040,"wt":1055},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འཁྲི་ཤིང། ཀེ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 170)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"After they had eaten that supreme divine food as directed by him, they asked the one residing in that excellent tree:","why":"The text explicitly describes a spirit or deity dwelling in a specific tree ('the one residing in that excellent tree') who interacts with the travelers by speaking and providing food.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abed1ac896ea18127c8ca6c?page=553","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1048,"wd":"c. 1040–1055, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1040,"wt":1055},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"The Wheel of the Law: Buddhism from Siamese Sources","a":"Henry Alabaster","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"Kala, the King of Nagas, was awakened by the loud resounding clash.","why":"The passage describes the golden bowl sinking beneath the waters of the Nairanjana River into the subterranean/aquatic realm of Kala, the King of Nagas, presenting the river bed/depths as the dwelling place of a localize","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e00ad1846d79f28d567f4e?page=213","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1861,"wd":"1851–1871, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1851,"wt":1871},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"The Wheel of the Law: Buddhism from Siamese Sources","a":"Henry Alabaster","lg":"English","tr":"siamese-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"She had made a vow to the spirit residing in a great banyan tree that, if she married a worthy husband and her first-born was a son, she would yearly make a massive offering in honor of the tree spirit.","why":"The passage explicitly states that a spirit resides in a specific banyan tree and describes a maiden making a vow and offering to this tree spirit, depicting the tree as the dwelling of a spirit tied to that place with w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e00ad1846d79f28d567f4e?page=210","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1861,"wd":"1851–1871, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1851,"wt":1871},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu Bla ma nor bu rgya mtsho'i las byang sogs","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"those who dwell in lakes, springs, rivers, markets, ponds, and streams—to the Nagas, local lords, and soil-spirits—I pray to you!","why":"The text explicitly addresses Nagas, local lords (gzhi bdag), and soil-spirits (sa bdag) as persons dwelling in specific natural places such as lakes, springs, rivers, ponds, and streams, offering prayers and worship dir","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e1df311a9edd462249f0?page=111","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa bKa' brgyad Kha","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"In that great terrifying place where the sky and earth meet in a triangle, in order to make offerings to the local protectors, offer tormas and give ransom-captives.","why":"The passage prescribes a tantric ritual in a specific type of terrifying location where practitioners make offerings of tormas and ransom-captives and issue commands to the 'local protectors' (spirits tied to the place/l","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac645f1a22ab19aa6f81?page=23","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1171,"wd":"c. 1150–1192","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1150,"wt":1192},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud dKar chag","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"At Patshab in Lower Nyang, many people making offerings to the local gods gave him food and drink, and he wondered if that was the \"accomplishment.\"","why":"The passage describes people at Patshab in Lower Nyang actively making ritual offerings to the local gods, depicting spirits tied to that locality with whom human beings maintain a reciprocal relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e168311a9edd46220ac1?page=110","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1771,"wd":"1744–1798, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1744,"wt":1798},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur rGyud 'bum Tsha","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"at the shore of the ocean, having placed each image separately, recite a hundred thousand times over the image; even the Naga King of the Ocean will follow one to his own place.","why":"The text describes a ritual practice at the ocean shore where the 'Naga King of the Ocean' acts as a personal being tied to the ocean, who will follow the practitioner to his own realm/place and yield the wish-fulfilling","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aad55f1a22ab19a8e1f6?page=170","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":600,"wd":"c. 200–1000, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1854,"ye":null,"t":"The Bhilsa Topes; or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India","a":"Alexander Cunningham","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"outsider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"He was at first opposed by the Naga, King of the Aravolo or Wular lake; but the Naga was finally converted, together with 84,000 of his subjects, and \"the land glittered with the yellow robes\" of the monks.","why":"The passage reports the Buddhist legend from the Mahāvamsa concerning Madhyāntika encountering the Naga, King of the Aravolo or Wular lake, depicting a specific body of water (Aravolo/Wular lake) as the realm/dwelling of","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99c9b6ed9e0490990818d?page=162","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":1842,"wd":"1829–1854, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1829,"wt":1854},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"u rgyan padma’i rnam thar/ rin po che ‘od ‘bar ba (in bhutanese letter)","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Within the Malgro district, the power of the serpent realm resides; the Naga King Malgro of Radiance is present there.","why":"The passage explicitly states that within a specific geographic locality (the Malgro district), the serpent realm resides and 'the Naga King Malgro of Radiance is present there', presenting a particular place as the dwel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78aa34a6785cfd60d485f?page=155","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":1350,"wd":"c. 1300–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1370,"ye":null,"t":"無準師範禪師語錄 (Recorded Sayings of Chan Master Wuzhun Shifan), juan 1, vol. 1 of 4","a":"無準師範 (Wuzhun Shifan)","lg":"Classical Chinese","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"The Dragon King of Lake Anavatapta invited the Buddha to a meal, and I, the poor monk, was also among the number","why":"The passage quotes the Venerable Pindola referring to the Dragon King (nāga) of Lake Anavatapta hosting the Buddha for a meal, presenting a specific body of water (Lake Anavatapta) as the domain/dwelling of an individual","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abef31aea0ee3a64e9b8007?page=35","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1250,"wd":"c. 1230–1250","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1230,"wt":1250},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷四十七之四~卷四十八 (vol 184)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"He then told the Earth Goddess Jianlao: \"You shall provide me with Vajra","why":"The passage from the Buddhist encyclopedia Fayuan Zhulin depicts the Buddha conversing directly with the Earth Goddess Jianlao (Dṛḍhā pṛthivī), treating the earth as an embodied deity tied to the land/earth with whom per","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6302879008ba7e164f85?page=135","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Legend in Japanese Art","a":"Henri L. Joly","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"He watched, and when the stranger came again, he asked if he were the spirit of the mountain; if so, he begged him to teach him the secret of immortality.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a legend in which a man from Mount Sayu confirms he is the spirit of the mountain, agrees to teach Bokushi the secret of immortality, and gives him a sacred book, presenting a spirit tied ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e416b23fbf94798ce25aea?page=96","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1908,"wd":"1908","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1908,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"This very night, the mountain spirit will take away our most beautiful maiden in a large cage to the ruined temple where you spent the night.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a 'mountain spirit' / 'wicked spirit of the mountain' tied to the mountain that takes and eats a village maiden in annual sacrifice, directly depicting a nature spirit of a place standing","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=316","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"There is a tree spirit known as the Ki-no-o-baké that is capable of walking about and assuming various forms.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a tree spirit (Ki-no-o-baké) that inhabits trees, speaks, walks about, and retreats into the trunk or leaves when disturbed, presented as an ethnographic report of Japanese folklore.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=219","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"demon-harmful","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Thus the village was no longer troubled with the attacks of the mountain spirit, and the knight, in true noble fashion, gave all the praise to the brave Shippeitarō.","why":"The passage presents the mountain as the dwelling of a 'mountain spirit' (associated with the haunted temple on the mountain) that troubled the village with its attacks until defeated, fitting the depiction of a spirit t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=317","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Because she was resolved to make her expedition no small or weak affair, she called upon the Spirit of the Mountain to give her timber and iron for her ships.","why":"The passage depicts Empress Jingū calling upon the Spirit of the Mountain (as well as the Spirits of the Fields and Grass) to provide materials for her expedition, presenting natural features as spirits/beings with whom ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=387","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"KAPPA, THE. A river goblin; description of, 350; people in the village of Izumo refer to it as Kawako (\"The Child of the River\"), 350; the story of the promise made by the Kappa, 351.","why":"The glossary entry explicitly defines the Kappa as a 'river goblin' known as 'The Child of the River' associated with water/rivers, noting Izumo villagers' belief and reference to a story involving a promise made by the ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=481","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"KŌJIN, THE GOD. A deity whose spirit is said to live in the enoki <note>The Chinese nettle tree</note>; he is the god to whom very old dolls are dedicated when they are no longer played with, 176, 177, 216.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the god Kōjin as a deity whose spirit dwells in the enoki (Chinese nettle tree) and notes a cultic relationship with humans, who dedicate old dolls to him.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=482","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The jellyfish eventually reached the palace and told Rin-Jin <note>The Dragon King of the Sea.</note> his sad story.","why":"The passage depicts Rin-Jin, the Dragon King of the Sea (Sea King), dwelling in an undersea palace as the ruler/spirit tied to the sea.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=323","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"Myths and Legends of Japan","a":"F. Hadland Davis","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"Ki-no-o-baké, a tree spirit, 176; the spirit of the God Kōjin resides in the hackberry <note>original: enoki</note> tree, 177; the silent pine, 177; the Willow Wife, 177-180; Yenoki, the tree of the One-eyed Priest, 180; the burning of the Three Dwarfs, 182, 184; the pine-tree lovers, 186-189.","why":"The index explicitly describes 'Ki-no-o-baké' as a tree spirit and states that 'the spirit of the God Kōjin resides in the hackberry tree', presenting trees as spirits or the dwelling of spirits tied to them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a3db8b55d19ec66c42?page=494","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1905,"wd":"1897–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1897,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1465,"ye":null,"t":"Illustrated Life of the Buddha","a":"Baocheng (寶成)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"cave","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The god of the mountain cave, named Pippala, saw Kasyapa enter extinction and said, \"Today, the mountain of the Dharma has collapsed.\"","why":"The passage explicitly names and presents 'The god of the mountain cave, named Pippala', a spirit tied to a specific natural place who observes events and laments the passing of Kasyapa.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992f3d4dc69844b023ff228?page=207","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1425,"wd":"c. 1425 (Ming)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1400,"wt":1430},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1836,"ye":null,"t":"Foĕ Kouĕ Ki, ou Relation des Royaumes Bouddhiques (Faxian's pilgrimage): Rémusat ed., 1836 (French)","a":"Faxian","lg":"French","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Formerly, when the Jou laï was traveling in the kingdom of Ou tchang, he converted the king of the dragons.","why":"The passage identifies a specific pond as the dwelling place of the king of the dragons (a nāga), who has agency, incites storms, was converted by the Buddha, and performs wonders near an adjacent temple.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08f9029c1b82475e158ebe?page=124","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":387,"wd":"352–422, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":352,"wt":422},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1465,"ye":null,"t":"Illustrated Life of the Buddha","a":"Baocheng (寶成)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"In the middle of the night, a mountain god appeared to Shenwu and said, \"Your disciple is Cao Shi'an, the former Marquis of Xincheng from the Sui dynasty.\"","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a mountain god who oversees the southern peaks appearing in person to Monk Shenwu, conversing with him, and offering the mountain land for his Dharma practice, presenting the mountain as g","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992f3d4dc69844b023ff228?page=350","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1425,"wd":"c. 1425 (Ming)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1400,"wt":1430},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Kanjur Phal chen Ga","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"For example, the great mass of water released from the clouds of the Naga King of the ocean cannot be endured, taken as one's own, received, or held by any other part of the earth except for the great ocean.","why":"The passage refers to the Naga King of the ocean, presenting the ocean/waters as associated with a resident spirit-king (nāga) capable of releasing great rains, consistent with traditional Buddhist cosmology.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac205f1a22ab19aa3fa6?page=217","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāga king","yw":300,"wd":"c. 200–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1836,"ye":null,"t":"Foĕ Kouĕ Ki, ou Relation des Royaumes Bouddhiques (Faxian's pilgrimage): Rémusat ed., 1836 (French)","a":"Faxian","lg":"French","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"I am the daughter of the dragon of this lake.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the lake as the dwelling place of spirits/persons tied to it (the dragon of this lake and his daughter), who interact directly and enter into social and religious relations with humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08f9029c1b82475e158ebe?page=132","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":387,"wd":"352–422, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":352,"wt":422},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Legend in Japanese Art","a":"Henri L. Joly","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Noticing Saisho, the disciple of Ya Kuwaboku, he told the latter that this disciple was no other than the God of the mountain Tai San.","why":"The passage recounts a legend in which the disciple Saisho is identified as the god of Mount Tai (Tai San), a specific mountain deity presented as a person who interacts with humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e416b23fbf94798ce25aea?page=181","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1908,"wd":"1908","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1908,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"李卓吾先生批評西遊記 (Journey to the West), Vol. 34","a":"Wu Cheng'en (吳承恩); Li Zhuowu (李卓吾), ed.","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"animal","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"taming-binding","q":"And you, the white horse, you were originally the son of the Dragon King of the Western Ocean, Guangjin.","why":"The passage refers to the Dragon King of the Western Ocean, presenting the Western Ocean as the domain and dwelling of a localized dragon deity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dea7c3914eeed04ca4b4db?page=73","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1592","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1592},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"The Shahnama, Vol. 1","a":"Ferdowsi (trans. Warner & Warner)","lg":"English","tr":"persian-epic","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Besides the nurse of this young atheling—\nThe cow, Birmáya hight—will perish too\nBy thy hand; so in vengeance he will brandish\nAn ox-head mace.”","why":"The passage depicts an animal, the cow Birmáya, treated as a person who holds the relational role of nurse to Farídún and whose death alongside his father constitutes an injury demanding blood vengeance.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e5346ad48480a386966003?page=174","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":988,"wd":"955–1020, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":955,"wt":1020},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1917,"ye":null,"t":"कुमारसम्भव (Kumārasambhava)","a":"Kālidāsa","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"When Maināka saw Indra lopping off the wings of the mountains, he fled to the sea for protection, which the sea granted, and thus they became friends.","why":"The passage recounts the mythological narrative where Mount Maināka and the sea (Ambhonidhi) are treated as sentient persons capable of seeking protection, granting refuge, and forming a friendship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7490d85f786e884a4d40e?page=273","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":401,"wd":"301–500, the author's working years","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":301,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur rGyud 'bum Pha","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"To all the spirits who dwell upon the earth, I am kind.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the earth as the dwelling of spirits ('spirits who dwell upon the earth') with whom the practitioner establishes an intentional relation of loving-kindness ('I am kind') within a Buddhist","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aace5f1a22ab19a8db52?page=127","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":400,"wd":"c. 300–500, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Nyi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"To the local spirits, gods, and nagas with their retinues, offer this harmonious torma cake: \"With the hatred inherited through generations, I request you to display your power and skill in this charnel ground.\"","why":"The passage provides instructions for a ritual addressing local spirits, gods, nagas, and masters of the land, making offerings to borrow the land from them and request their assistance, thereby presenting the land as th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e159311a9edd4621fa62?page=26","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":975,"wd":"c. 750–1200","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Nyi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"spring-well","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"You eight great naga kings and so forth, the six classes of vasu, assemble here!","why":"The text details a ritual practice instructing the practitioner to go to a fierce spring, arrange offerings, and summon the eight great naga kings and vasu spirits tied to their respective places to bring rain, treating ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e159311a9edd4621fa62?page=65","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":975,"wd":"c. 750–1200","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa dGongs 'dus Ca","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"demon-harmful","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Because the master of that valley is a <term>Dud</term> <gloss>demon</gloss> who has not surrendered, at the time of taking the cotton:","why":"The passage explicitly describes the valley (Dom-tsang Lung) as having a local ruler or spirit tied directly to it ('the master of that valley is a Dud demon who has not surrendered'), establishing the natural place as t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac765f1a22ab19aa7e2c?page=234","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1370,"wd":"c. 1350–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1350,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa dGongs 'dus Ca","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Upon reaching there, worship the rock ogresses and the Tsen.","why":"The text provides instructions for traveling through the landscape of Dremoshong, explicitly directing travelers at a specific location of rock-ledges and water to worship the rock ogresses and Tsen (spirits tied to the ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac765f1a22ab19aa7e2c?page=230","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1370,"wd":"c. 1350–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1350,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Mi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"You hosts of Earth-Lords and <term>Gnyan</term>, lords of disease, accept this <term>mdos</term> of existence!","why":"The passage is a ritual text addressing Earth-Lords (sa-bdag) and Gnyan that dwell in waters, irrigation canals, ponds, pools, and marshes, offering them a ransom rite (mdos) to avert diseases.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787164a6785cfd60caa4f?page=184","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":850,"wd":"c. 700–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1929,"ye":null,"t":"Researches into Chinese Superstitions, Vol. 15","a":"Henri Doré","lg":"French","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The spirit of the forest replied:","why":"The passage explicitly introduces 'the spirit of the forest' (a spirit tied to a natural place) who addresses Siddhartha as an entity capable of speech and relation. As Henri Doré is a Jesuit missionary documenting Buddh","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907b235f855ec553e70fdd?page=159","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1895,"wd":"1874–1915, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1874,"wt":1915},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa Thor bu bKa' thang sde lnga","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"The great Yaksha had a head the size of a mountain.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the mountain god Thang-lha (Thang-lha Ya-zhur) as a great Yaksha personified with bodily form, whose mountain peak is encountered and tested by the Master in Tibetan sacred narrative.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac8c5f1a22ab19aa8f60?page=23","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1350,"wd":"c. 1300–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1300,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mdo mang rin chen phreng ba","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"When he had spoken thus, the Earth Goddess Sthavara rose from her seat, draped her upper robe over one shoulder, placed her right knee on the ground, and spoke these words to the Blessed One: \"Venerable Blessed One, how should the host of wealth deities be meditated upon?\"","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the Earth Goddess Sthavara (the deity of the earth) as a personified being who rises from her seat, salutes the Buddha, and actively converses with him regarding ritual meditation, affirmed","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788a74a6785cfd60d17bf?page=136","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1500–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Thor bu Gu ru zhi drag las tshogs","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"With the second, make offerings to the local masters of the land.","why":"The ritual instructions explicitly prescribe making offerings (tormas) to the 'local masters of the land' (lords of the soil) at a mountain retreat, treating the land/locality as inhabited by local spirits with whom the ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac4e5f1a22ab19aa66c5?page=101","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1675,"wd":"c. 1650–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1650,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu bsKang rgyun gsol kha","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"From the Azure Mountain, Tashi Tseringma and her retinue are invited in an instant.","why":"The ritual passage explicitly invokes Tashi Tseringma and her retinue from the Azure Mountain, presenting the mountain as the dwelling of a protective goddess with whom practitioners engage through invocation and sacred ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e1e1311a9edd46224abc?page=23","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":1825,"wd":"c. 1700–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷七~卷九 (vol 53)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"Guan Zhong said: This is the spirit of the mountain, named Yu'er.","why":"The text quotes Ren Fang's Shuyi Ji describing an encounter during Duke Huan of Qi's campaign where a one-foot-tall figure in cap and gown appeared, which Guan Zhong explicitly identifies as Yu'er, the spirit of the moun","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65b339b4508b04e2f37b?page=66","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷七十四之二 (vol 576)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Because the mountain god loved to move the mountain, the sea god chained it down.","why":"The passage quotes the Youyang Zazu reporting local tradition that Mount Li's peak was originally an island chained by the sea god because the mountain god repeatedly moved it, clearly attributing personhood and agency t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c649239b4508b04e282d4?page=17","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷七~卷九 (vol 53)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Because the Mountain God loved to move it about, the Sea God chained it down.","why":"The text explicitly reports a tradition concerning Mount Li and its former sea location, stating that a 'Mountain God' moved it about and the 'Sea God' chained it down, presenting these natural features (mountain and sea","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65b339b4508b04e2f37b?page=76","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷八~卷十 (vol 3)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Guan Zhong said: This is the spirit of the mountain; his name is Yu Er.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a one-foot-tall being in cap and gown who is identified by Guan Zhong as the spirit of the mountain (Yu Er) appearing before Duke Huan of Qi.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654439b4508b04e2d81f?page=30","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷一百六之三 (vol 729)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The Great Master said to the god, \"The Eastern Peak is vast but has no trees; the Northern Ridge has them. Can you use your divine power to move the Northern trees to the Eastern Ridge?\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes a dialogue and relationship between Chan Master Yuegui and the mountain god of Mount Jun, who is asked to use divine power to move trees across peaks and obeys the master's command.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6525af3c49b59c5cb0c5?page=116","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷八~卷十 (vol 3)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The commentary notes: \"Long live\" was the mountain spirit calling out.","why":"The text and its commentary explicitly identify the cries of 'Long live' heard during Emperor Wu's ascent and sacrifices on Mount Songgao as the mountain spirit calling out in response to ritual offerings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654439b4508b04e2d81f?page=65","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷八~卷十 (vol 3)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"It is only natural that the Mountain God reveals himself.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the jade figure discovered in the mountains as the manifestation of a mountain god (Mount Songgao), affirmed as a genuine divine appearance and auspicious omen by the official Cui Yi.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654439b4508b04e2d81f?page=73","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷八~卷十 (vol 3)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Popular legend says the mountain god detested its ability to reflect objects and thus lacquered it over.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a local popular legend attributing agency and personal action to the mountain god of Fang Mountain, who detested the cliff's reflective surface and lacquered it over.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654439b4508b04e2d81f?page=103","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":null,"t":"Yi Tae-bong chŏn","a":"Unknown","lg":"Korean","tr":"korean-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The Dragon King wished to keep him longer but could not, and as he saw the General off, he offered him countless treasures.","why":"The passage portrays the Dragon King (identified as the Dragon King of the Green Sea) as a personified ruler/spirit of a body of water (the sea) who can directly interact with humans by offering gifts and bidding farewel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3244f52a77bb28fdb2f14?page=118","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1850,"wd":"c. 1700–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十四~卷三十六 (vol 61)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"She invested the God of the Mountain as Emperor and the Goddess as Empress.","why":"The passage records an imperial sacrificial rite at Mount Song and Shaoshi Mountain in which Empress Wu Zetian formally invested the God and Goddess of the Mountain with imperial titles as Emperor and Empress, recognizin","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65d239b4508b04e2f81b?page=27","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1924,"ye":null,"t":"黙阿弥全集 (Mokuami Complete Works), Vol. 20","a":"Kawatake Mokuami","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The mountain god, in astonishment, strikes his staff and returns without even looking back at the tracks.","why":"The theatrical text depicts the mountain god (yama no kami) as an active personified spirit who dances, strikes his staff, and awakens the sleeping warriors, exemplifying a local spirit/kami tied to the mountain within t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e75e9ccc48e59ad74ed6df?page=230","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1862,"wd":"1831–1893, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1831,"wt":1893},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十四~卷三十六 (vol 61)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"While the imperial carriage was stationed at Huayin, the Emperor saw the Mountain God coming out several miles to welcome him.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Emperor Xuanzong and a shamaness interacting with the Mountain God at Huayin (Mount Hua), who appears as an embodied person (with red hair, purple robes, and archery gear) tied to the mou","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65d239b4508b04e2f81b?page=32","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷一百之七 (vol 702)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"Marveling at their excessive lushness, the attendants said these are protected by the Mountain God.","why":"In Qiao Yu's travel record of Mount Heng, the author reports the belief and practice of local attendants and residents that the cypresses are protected by the Mountain God, with whom humans stand in a relation where cutt","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c650939b4508b04e2c1a7?page=98","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1883,"ye":null,"t":"Rivers of life, or sources and streams of the faiths of man in all lands; showing the evolution of faiths from","a":"Forlong, J.G.R.","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Ain-omphe, or Fontes Oraculi, were prophetic fountain-gods, contracted (as already stated) into Nymphae, or nymphs presiding over water.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies 'Ain-omphe, or Fontes Oraculi' as prophetic fountain-gods and nymphs presiding over water in the context of ancient font-worship, reporting historical beliefs from an outsider perspectiv","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c887606c6f3cc53c85a05c?page=410","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1883,"wd":"1883","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1883,"wt":1883},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1883,"ye":null,"t":"Rivers of life, or sources and streams of the faiths of man in all lands; showing the evolution of faiths from","a":"Forlong, J.G.R.","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"I provide this group of Oboes from Huc's second volume, page 25, as a representation of the landscape he saw when he arrived at a place particularly sacred to \"the spirit of the mountain.\"","why":"The text reports via Huc that the obo marks a site sacred to 'the spirit of the mountain,' where devotees conduct rituals, burn incense, and offer money to the localized mountain spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c887606c6f3cc53c85a05c?page=391","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1883,"wd":"1883","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1883,"wt":1883},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Kanjur Phal chen Ka","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Then, the Mountain-God dwelling on the Peak of Jewels with Perfectly Flourishing Flowers,","why":"The text explicitly refers to a 'Mountain-God dwelling on the Peak of Jewels with Perfectly Flourishing Flowers', presenting a mountain spirit/god tied to a specific natural place (a peak) within the Buddhist sutra's cos","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac1d5f1a22ab19aa3cbd?page=70","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百九十五~卷一百九十六: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 147)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"taming-binding","q":"She replied: \"It is the — <note>Tong Lang</note> of the temple tree east of the road.\"","why":"The cited zhiguai narrative describes Tong Lang (Paulownia Youth) as a spirit residing in or tied to a specific temple tree east of the road, taking human form and interacting with people.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6076879008ba7e15c78f?page=17","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes","a":"Chen Yuanlong","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"...the mountain god named \"Lord of Wuyi\" spoke to the villagers, saying: \"You shall gather at the mountain summit on the fifteenth day of the eighth month.\"","why":"The passage describes a specific mountain god ('Lord of Wuyi' / Wuyi Jun) associated with Mount Wuyi who speaks directly to villagers, instructing them to assemble at the mountain summit for a feast, thus presenting a mo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbd6018b80967354b4da?page=1366","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1702,"wd":"1667–1736, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1736},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes","a":"Chen Yuanlong","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Legend has it that it was originally on a mountain in the sea, but the mountain spirit liked to move it, so the sea god locked it.","why":"The text quotes a legend from the Youyang Zazu describing a mountain spirit and a sea god tied to a mountain in the sea that moved and was locked.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cbd6018b80967354b4da?page=1240","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1702,"wd":"1667–1736, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1667,"wt":1736},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百九十五~卷一百九十六: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 147)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"A monk pointed to it and said: This is what the Mountain God did for Chan Master Gui.","why":"The text records a legend in which the Mountain God of the Central Peak directly interacts with and assists a human (Chan Master Gui) by having ghost soldiers transplant a pine tree, presenting the mountain as the domain","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6076879008ba7e15c78f?page=135","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1844,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of Lactantius, Vol. I","a":"Lactantius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"It is certain that, as rivers, so also mountains were considered to be gods, and there is the God Carmel from Tacitus and Suetonius","why":"The text explicitly notes scholarly/historical commentary stating that rivers and mountains were considered gods, specifically referencing Mount Carmel as a god ('the God Carmel from Tacitus and Suetonius') as well as mo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af42102004e5e92a3a18d7?page=340","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":288,"wd":"255–320, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":255,"wt":320},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1869,"ye":null,"t":"聊齋志異 Vol. 6","a":"Pu Songling (蒲松齡)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Looking up, he saw the Dragon King on the throne.","why":"The passage depicts the sea as the domain and dwelling of the Dragon King in an undersea palace, where a human scholar is granted an audience and interacts directly with him.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7287fa409200ea79eff4b?page=135","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"dragon king","yw":1685,"wd":"1655–1715, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1655,"wt":1715},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百九~卷一百十一 (vol 35)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"When Liu Chong departed from the Western Capital and passed this mountain, the mountain barked loudly at him.","why":"The text explicitly states that Squatting Dog Mountain has a spirit, that the mountain barks at Liu Chong as he passes, and that Liu Chong acknowledges the mountain god communicating with him.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c656539b4508b04e2e87d?page=136","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百六十四~卷一百六十五: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 118)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"I labor with my own body in farming, so the Mountain God must surely reward me with a bountiful year.","why":"The passage from the Miscellaneous Records of the Cloud Immortals describes the Zither Old Man farming Fengling Ridge with the expectation that the Mountain God will reward his direct labor with a bountiful harvest, whic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c605840c88a541d8e839d?page=164","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1916,"ye":null,"t":"Greek Anthology I: Books 1-6 (Loeb)","a":"ed. W.R. Paton","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"To Pan the god of the mountain peaks they dedicated on this thick-stemmed oak this well-limned picture of what befel them.","why":"Pan is explicitly characterized as the god of the mountain peaks (a mountain god), to whom the goatherds dedicate a votive picture on an oak tree after surviving a night storm.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de13298a46d0c97eedc969?page=438","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":980,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1570,"ye":null,"t":"Codex Vaticanus A","a":"Unknown Aztec-colonial scribes","lg":"Nahuatl","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"They call him Tepeyollotl, which means the heart of the mountain, which is that echo or reverberation of the voice that thunders in the mountain.","why":"The text reports an Indigenous Mexican belief and ritual practice concerning Tepeyollotl ('Heart of the Mountain'), a mountain deity identified with the reverberating echo that thunders in the mountain, honoring him with","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e4130e2d8eeae86149fa4a?page=44","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1560,"wd":"c. 1550–1566","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1550,"wt":1566},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Shadowings","a":"Lafcadio Hearn","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"What ails the divinity's ears?—how can the God of the Mountain\nSuffer such noise to exist?—oh, the tumult of the sémi!","why":"The poem directly invokes Yama no Kami (the God of the Mountain), a kami or deity tied to the mountain, attributing ears and perception to the divinity within a poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907aacdb8b55d19ec69a7f?page=114","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1885,"wd":"1865–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1865,"wt":1904},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1902,"ye":null,"t":"The Night Chant","a":"Washington Matthews","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Here the prophet was shown two kinds of kethawns <note>ceremonial prayer sticks</note> by the god of the mountain, <term>Tse'gádini'tĭni Asiké</term> <gloss>Rock Crystal Boy</gloss>, and the god said to him: \"I am the god of the insane.\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes the mountain of Tsísnadzi'ni (Pelado Peak) as the dwelling of 'the god of the mountain' (Rock Crystal Boy), with whom humans enter into a ritual/sacrificial relationship by making and dir","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a5a2d53df4853bdf7e?page=227","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1880,"wd":"1858–1902, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1858,"wt":1902},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1902,"ye":null,"t":"The Night Chant","a":"Washington Matthews","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"He found there a number of the Sásdĭne' <gloss>Bear People</gloss>, and he said to them: \"My grandchildren, we are on our way to Tsúskai, to dance there.\"","why":"The passage describes Hosta Butte as having a door on its side leading within the butte, where the Bear People (Sásdĭne') dwell, and explicitly mentions beings dwelling within mountains (e.g. Tsúskai) as Mountain People ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a5a2d53df4853bdf7e?page=187","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1880,"wd":"1858–1902, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1858,"wt":1902},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1882,"ye":null,"t":"Corea, the Hermit Nation","a":"William Elliot Griffis","lg":"English","tr":"korean-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The mok-sin (genies of the trees), the god of rain, and the god of the harvest are all propitiated, but the robust Korean, blessed with a good appetite, especially honors Cho-an-nim, the guardian spirit of the kitchen.","why":"The passage explicitly describes mok-sin as 'genies of the trees' that are propitiated, identifying spirits tied to trees with whom humans interact through ritual practice, reported from an outsider ethnographic perspect","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a0bdb8b55d19ec68c48?page=371","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1885,"wd":"1858–1911, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1858,"wt":1911},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1923,"ye":null,"t":"The All-Seeing Eye, Vol. 1 No. 6","a":"Manly P. Hall","lg":"English","tr":"other","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"The Lord of the Flaming Mountain is not dead but rests in peace under the spell of redemption.","why":"The passage portrays the Lord of the Flaming Mountain as a deity tied specifically to the volcano ('my mountain', 'my temple is on my mountain', 'my lava'), who previously received human brides as sacrifices and communic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3533d7c8ce407afbe04fd6?page=25","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1920,"wd":"1916–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1916,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":null,"t":"Ssanggye yugo, 10-kwŏn","a":"Yi, Pog-wŏn, 1719-1792","lg":"Korean","tr":"korean-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"They brought rice for the spirit of the mountain and followed us.","why":"The text reports a travel practice where local followers or companions brought an offering of rice for the mountain spirit.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3254852a77bb28fdb42c8?page=899","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1780,"wd":"c. 1750–1792","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1750,"wt":1792},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1742,"ye":null,"t":"Okpong sijip, [3-kwŏn] : pyŏlchip","a":"Paek, Kwang-hun, 1537-1582","lg":"Korean","tr":"korean-literary","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The divine dragon at the bottom of the pond must know this of its own accord.","why":"The passage depicts the Dragon Pond as the dwelling of a divine dragon residing at the bottom of the water who can perceive and appreciate the recited poetry, framed within classical poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33ce8876dd827cbc5b1dc?page=194","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1560–1582","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1560,"wt":1582},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1687,"ye":null,"t":"Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese (Confucius Sinarum Philosophus)","a":"Confucius; Jesuit Missionaries","lg":"Chinese-Latin","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"\"This dynasty of Chuen Yu,\" he said, \"the ancient Emperors of the Cheu family long ago made mistress of Mount Mum Cum, which is situated in the same territory, where the dynasts have the care of the sacrifices which are duly performed to the presiding spirit of the mountain.\"","why":"The text explicitly describes Mount Mum Cum as having a 'presiding spirit of the mountain' to whom sacrifices are duly performed by the rulers of Chuen Yu, establishing a ritual relation with a spirit tied to a specific ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e28477f38f6761be9922?page=376","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":-400,"wd":"5th-3rd century BCE (Latin version 1687)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-500,"wt":-250},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":-2000,"ye":null,"t":"Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta","a":"Anonymous Sumerian","lg":"Sumerian","tr":"sumerian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"\"Now if Enmerkar just makes straight for the xx of Aratta, for the benevolent protective spirit of the mountain of holy powers, for Aratta, which is like a bright crown of heaven, then I shall make my pre-eminence clear, and he need not pour barley into sacks, nor have it carted, nor have that barley carried into the settlements, nor place collectors over the labourers.\"","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the 'benevolent protective spirit of the mountain of holy powers', presenting the mountain as associated with or inhabited by a protective tutelary spirit tied to that place within the te","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69afe2f557adc49dbfc41c9a?page=20","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":-1900,"wd":"c. 2100–1700 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-2100,"wt":-1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷一百三之二 (vol 721)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The Records of Strange Lands <note>original: Yiyuan 異苑</note> says: \"The spirit of the mountain sometimes takes the shape of a man, nine feet tall, wearing furs and wearing a bamboo hat <note>original: dai li 戴笠</note>; its name is Jinlei.\"","why":"The passage cites the Yiyuan (Records of Strange Lands) describing the spirit of the mountain as an anthropomorphic being (taking the shape of a nine-foot-tall man named Jinlei, wearing furs and a bamboo hat), presented ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c651faf3c49b59c5cabf7?page=133","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1596,"ye":null,"t":"Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) (Vol. 51, Part 1 ~ Vol. 51, Part 2)","a":"李時珍","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"During the Wu period, Jing Shu cut down a large camphor tree. Blood came out, and inside was a creature with a human face and a dog's body.","why":"The passage quotes a legend from the Soushen Ji in which cutting down a large camphor tree reveals a tree spirit (Penghou) residing inside with a human face and dog's body, explicitly presenting the tree as the dwelling ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cdf781c9d7efb84d10d9?page=226","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1563,"wd":"1532–1593, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1532,"wt":1593},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百二十九: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 402)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The sound of the rapids surges with a tragic strength; the spirit of the mountain emerges high and steep.","why":"In poetic convention ('Miscellaneous Poems on Dragon Gate'), the verse depicts the localized mountain spirit of Dragon Gate emerging, presenting the mountain as embodying or inhabited by a mountain deity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c617a879008ba7e15e724?page=129","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1687,"ye":null,"t":"Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese","a":"Intorcetta, Prosperus|Herdtrich, Christianus|Rougemont, Fran","lg":"Latin","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"it is nevertheless clear from the fragments themselves how the Emperor Xun (who conformed himself entirely to the example of his predecessor Tao, by whom he had been chosen) sacrificed to Xam ti and then, by another lower rite, to the six presiding spirits, and finally to the spirits of the mountains and rivers, as well as the protectors of all other things.","why":"The passage records the ancient Chinese rite of Emperor Shun offering sacrifice to the spirits of the mountains and rivers, presenting them as spirits tied to natural places with whom humans enter into ritual relations, ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a30536dc6ae6bd18cd1e1?page=107","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1687,"wd":"1687","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1686,"wt":1687},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1687,"ye":null,"t":"Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese","a":"Intorcetta, Prosperus|Herdtrich, Christianus|Rougemont, Fran","lg":"Latin","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"After these, he made offerings to the spirits of the mountains and rivers, as if they were further removed from himself, and finally, he sacrificed to the multitude of spirits spread everywhere.","why":"The passage documents sacrificial rites offered to the spirits of mountains and rivers as recorded in the Shujing and Book of Rites, reported here by Jesuit missionary authors describing Chinese religious traditions.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/697a30536dc6ae6bd18cd1e1?page=203","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1687,"wd":"1687","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1686,"wt":1687},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":null,"t":"笠翁一家言全集 (Lǐwēng Collected Works), Vol. 1","a":"Li Yu (李漁)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"spring-well","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"Washers need not worry, for washing in this water also relies on the spirit of the Mountain Uncle.","why":"The text attributes the ease and benefit of washing in this specific water to the active aid of the 'spirit of the Mountain Uncle' (a localized mountain deity/spirit), invoking mythological and poetic conventions in a li","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e75e2acc48e59ad74ec1a3?page=75","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1670,"wd":"c. 1651–1680","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1651,"wt":1680},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"The Algonquin Legends of New England; or, Myths and Folk Lore of the Micmac, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot Trib","a":"Charles Godfrey Leland","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"If Mr. Thoreau had known the Indian legend of the spirit of the fallen tree — and his guide knew it well — he might have been credited with speaking wisely of the poetry and mythology which he ridicules the poor rural Yankees for not possessing.","why":"The passage reports an indigenous (Penobscot) legend regarding the spirit of the fallen tree, documenting a belief in spirits tied to trees.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992599b3d2d40d1b05927de?page=96","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1862,"wd":"1839–1885, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1839,"wt":1885},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"The Algonquin Legends of New England; or, Myths and Folk Lore of the Micmac, Passamaquoddy, and Penobscot Trib","a":"Charles Godfrey Leland","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"For the Spirit of the Mountain had taken her to himself; and when she greatly desired to return to her own people, he told her to go in peace, but forbade her to tell any man who had married her.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts a Penobscot legend in which Mount Katahdin is embodied by or inhabited by the 'Spirit of the Mountain', a being tied to the mountain who marries the girl, speaks with her, and fathers a ch","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992599b3d2d40d1b05927de?page=297","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1862,"wd":"1839–1885, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1839,"wt":1885},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六之四 (vol 316)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Guan Zhong said: This is the spirit of the mountain; its name is Yu Si.","why":"The passage recounts the classical legend of Duke Huan of Qi's expedition, in which Guan Zhong explicitly identifies a foot-tall robed figure as Yu Si, the spirit of the mountain, who manifests before a rightful hegemon.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c638b93327f06e835113c?page=102","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 24","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Today, the spirit of the mountain is enfeoffed as the <term>Yusheng Hou</term> <gloss>Marquis of Sagely Progeny</gloss>.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Mount Ni has a mountain spirit ('the spirit of the mountain') who was prayed to by Confucius's mother and is officially enfeoffed by the imperial state as the Marquis of Sagely Progeny,","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd6343713c66ea636262?page=38","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Li Ki: Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies","a":"Séraphin Couvreur","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"One rendered the same honors and offered the same presents to the five sacred mountains as to the princes of the first rank, and to the four great watercourses as to the princes of the second rank.","why":"The passage details a canonical rite in which the five sacred mountains and the four great watercourses (specifically named as the Jiang, Ho, Huai, and Ji) receive sacrifices, presents, and honors equivalent to feudal pr","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249f1a2d53df4853c1665?page=310","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 300–100 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-300,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Li Ki: Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies","a":"Séraphin Couvreur","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"When he visits specific principalities, the envoy who informs the various spirits <note>the genii of mountains and watercourses</note> says: \"So-and-so, Emperor by the will of Heaven, is here.\"","why":"The text outlines ritual protocol in which an envoy/representative makes offerings to and addresses the spirits of mountains and watercourses in specific principalities on behalf of the Emperor, treating these natural fe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249f1a2d53df4853c1665?page=104","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 300–100 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-300,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Li Ki: Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies","a":"Séraphin Couvreur","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The prime minister orders the grand interpreter and the grand secretary to make the name of the newly born prince known to the protective spirits of the five parts of the house and to the tutelary spirits of the mountains and watercourses.","why":"The text describes an established ritual prescription in which officials announce the birth and name of a new prince to the tutelary spirits of the mountains and watercourses, establishing a direct ritual relation with s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249f1a2d53df4853c1665?page=433","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 300–100 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-300,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Li Ki: Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies","a":"Séraphin Couvreur","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"大宰命祝史以名徧告于五祀山川。","why":"The text describes a ritual prescription in which officials are ordered to announce the newborn heir's name to the mountains and rivers (translated as their tutelary spirits), establishing a communicative ritual relation","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249f1a2d53df4853c1665?page=434","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 300–100 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-300,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Li Ki: Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies","a":"Séraphin Couvreur","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"(They offered) to the mountains and rivers, using the rite to welcome the spirits as guests.","why":"The text explicitly describes performing rites and offerings to the spirits of the mountains and rivers, treating these place-bound spirits with the honors of hospitality as guests with whom people stand in relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249f1a2d53df4853c1665?page=546","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 300–100 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-300,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Li Ki: Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies","a":"Séraphin Couvreur","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"three times when sacrificing to the protective spirits of the territory and the harvests or of mountains and rivers of little fame; five times when sacrificing to the guardian spirits of the great mountains and great rivers; seven times when making offerings to the spirits of princes.","why":"The passage details sacrificial offerings of liquor made to the protective spirits of the territory and harvests and the guardian spirits of mountains and rivers, recognizing them as localized spirits in ritual relation ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249f1a2d53df4853c1665?page=587","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 300–100 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-300,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1621,"ye":null,"t":"Treatise on Military Preparations, Volume 45","a":"茅元儀","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Furthermore, he should perform the Ma sacrifice at the destination of the campaign and offer sacrifices to the spirits of the mountains and rivers passed along the route.","why":"The text prescribes state military rituals requiring the Emperor to sacrifice to the spirits of the mountains and rivers encountered along the campaign route, explicitly treating these geographic features as the dwelling","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992ce233ea667fbac828452?page=3","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1615,"wd":"1609–1621, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1621},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1621,"ye":null,"t":"Treatise on Military Preparations, Volume 45","a":"茅元儀","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"For the mountains and rivers are the storehouses of the divine, and the spirits are the masters of humanity.","why":"The text provides an official sacrificial ritual directly addressing the spirits of the mountains and rivers, explicitly identifying the physical mountains and rivers as the storehouses of the divine and petitioning thes","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992ce233ea667fbac828452?page=38","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1615,"wd":"1609–1621, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1621},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"禮記要義(三) (vol 3)","a":"魏了翁","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Then, one changes [the ritual] and offers feathered creatures, the spirits of the mountains and forests; one changes again and offers scaled creatures, the spirits of the rivers and marshes.","why":"The passage explicitly describes ritual sacrifices offered to the spirits of the mountains and forests and the spirits of the rivers and marshes, treating these natural features and landscape zones as inhabited by or ass","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c61d1879008ba7e160b5b?page=72","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1215,"wd":"1193–1237, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1193,"wt":1237},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百九~卷二百十: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 159)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"In the \"Instructions of Yi\" <note>another chapter of the Classic of History</note>: \"The spirits of the mountains and rivers were all at peace; even the <term>birds and beasts</term> <gloss>niao shou</gloss>, fish, and turtles were all in harmony.\"","why":"The passage explicitly refers to 'the spirits of the mountains and rivers' being at peace, identifying mountains and rivers as places inhabited by spirits who respond to human rule.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6085879008ba7e15cfbb?page=174","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百二十二~卷一百二十四 (vol 91)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Those spirits of the mountains and rivers who are capable of maintaining the order of the world, their guardians become deities.","why":"The passage explicitly describes spirits of mountains and rivers (as well as specific mountains, Feng and Yu) as deities receiving ritual guardianship and standing in formal relations with human rulers within the classic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65fc39b4508b04e30a91?page=66","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷三十~卷三十二 (vol 111)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"They performed rituals for those above and below and made contact with the spirits of the mountains and rivers.","why":"The passage from Ban Gu's Rhapsody on the Two Capitals explicitly describes performing rituals and making contact with the spirits of the mountains and rivers (山川之神), treating these natural places as dwelling places of s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c660e39b4508b04e3173d?page=10","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷一百之六~卷一百之七 (vol 264)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"When a major ritual was to be held for the spirits of the mountains and rivers, he prayed and asked the spirits to choose among the five to lead the state.","why":"The passage describes an official ritual in the Zuo Zhuan tradition where King Gong of Chu prays and presents a jade offering to the spirits of the mountains and rivers, treating these landscape deities as persons with w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c635a93327f06e834f917?page=114","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1665,"ye":null,"t":"The Embassy of the Dutch East India Company to the Tartar Cham","a":"Johan Nieuhof","lg":"Dutch","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Only the foremost Magistrates and Great ones of the Empire offer sacrifices to the remaining Spirits of the mountains, rivers, and four quarters of this entire All (which is not free to any private person).","why":"The text reports an official Chinese ritual practice in which imperial magistrates offer sacrifices to the spirits of the mountains, rivers, and four quarters, treating these natural features as the domains or dwellings ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21d9894025df5d2908acf?page=367","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1649,"wd":"1633–1665, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1633,"wt":1665},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1615,"ye":null,"t":"The Jesuit China Mission","a":"Nicolas Trigault; Matteo Ricci","lg":"Latin","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"To the other spirits of the mountains, rivers, and the four regions of this universe, only the primary Magistrates and the leaders of the kingdom perform sacrifice, nor is this cult allowed to any private person.","why":"The text reports Chinese state religious rites in which magistrates perform sacrifices to spirits tied to particular natural features, specifically the spirits of the mountains and rivers.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af119523aa4b6749dc3238?page=129","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1615,"wd":"1615","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1615,"wt":1615},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷二十二之十三 (vol 402)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Emperor Shun prayed to the spirits of the mountains and seas.","why":"The passage quotes the Shiyi Ji recording that Emperor Shun prayed to the spirits of the mountains and seas, presenting mountains and seas as the dwellings of spirits with whom human rulers stand in a ritual relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63e4af3c49b59c5c951a?page=16","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":712,"ye":null,"t":"Kojiki (古事記), Vols. 2-3","a":"Ō no Yasumaro","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"When he reached the sea of <term>走水</term> <gloss>Hashirimizu</gloss>, the deity of that sea was very violent.","why":"The passage explicitly presents the sea of Hashirimizu as the domain of a local sea deity ('the deity of that sea was very violent') who actively blocks crossing and can be appeased/interacted with through human self-sac","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dfebaf090ad7d5c33b194c?page=84","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":693,"wd":"663–723, before the author's death","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":663,"wt":723},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1362,"ye":null,"t":"SЕЏlgok sigo, [2-kwЕЏn","a":"ChЕЏng, PК»o, 1309-1345","lg":"Korean","tr":"korean-confucian-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"There are no spirits of the mountains and rivers that we do not offer sacrifice to.","why":"The text contains an insider liturgical prayer directly addressing the spirits of the mountains and rivers of Songak, thanking them for their hidden help and offering sacrifices in ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f3275452a77bb28fdb70f3?page=68","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1340,"wd":"c. 1330–1345","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1330,"wt":1345},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Kitab al-Aghani (Book of Songs), Vols. 1-3","a":"Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani","lg":"Arabic","tr":"islamic","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"And your abandonment of the spirits of the mountains, [making them] stagnant.","why":"The passage praises the abandonment and rejection of mountain spirits, attacking the belief by describing them as stagnant beings that cannot hear those who call upon them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e534dad48480a38696741e?page=190","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":943,"wd":"912–973, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":912,"wt":973},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十五之一 (vol 533)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"The spirits of the mountains protect the wilderness, while the spirits of the four directions focus their attention on the attendants of the attached carriages.","why":"In Ban Gu's Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital, the spirits of the mountains (shanqi) and the spirits of the four directions are explicitly depicted as guardian beings tied to the mountains and wilderness who attend upon th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c646539b4508b04e26b49?page=28","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百八~卷一百十 (vol 137)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Various spirits of the mountains and trees would appear in strange forms to test him, but he never showed the slightest sign of fear.","why":"The passage explicitly states that spirits of the mountains and trees appeared in strange forms to test Shan Daokai, presenting natural features (mountains and trees) as the dwelling of spirits with personal agency that ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c662939b4508b04e32713?page=122","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"Sikhim & Bhutan: Twenty-One Years on the North-East Frontier, 1887-1908","a":"John Claude White","lg":"English","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"On the top were many \"obos\" <term>cairns of stones used as shrines</term>, offerings to the spirits of the pass—a fact that bore significant testimony to the story of our guide.","why":"The passage describes cairns (obos) on the mountain pass erected as shrines and offerings to the spirits of the pass to ensure safe transit, documenting local travel rites and belief in spirits tied to the pass.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e745f641cd2831dd2104e6?page=192","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":1909,"wd":"1909","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1909,"wt":1909},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷四之五 (vol 304)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Now, as for the sacrifices to the High Deity and the various spirits of the mountains and rivers that ought to be worshipped, let each be sacrificed to at its proper time as before.","why":"The passage directly records Emperor Gaozu's edict mandating seasonal sacrificial offerings to 'the various spirits of the mountains and rivers', directly recognizing spirits tied to natural places (mountains and rivers)","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c637e93327f06e8350a14?page=84","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1700,"ye":null,"t":"Kumyŏng kyŏng","a":"Unknown","lg":"Korean","tr":"daoist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"The Primordial Beginning settles and stabilizes. I announce to the myriad spirits; the spirits of the mountains, peaks, and rivers; the local spirits of the earth.","why":"The text presents a Daoist incantation that directly addresses and ritually interacts with the spirits of mountains, rivers, and local earth spirits (lords of the soil), commanding them to remain settled and undisturbed.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f33c48876dd827cbc5a18c?page=12","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1500,"wd":"c. 1400–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1400,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1456,"ye":null,"t":"대불정수릉엄경 (Surangama Sutra, 1456 Korean woodblock)","a":"Queen Sohye (commissioner)","lg":"Classical Chinese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"These are the old ghosts and spirits of the mountains, forests, earth, city walls, rivers, and peaks.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms the existence of ghosts and spirits tied to specific natural features (mountains, forests, earth, rivers, peaks) with whom human followers stand in relation ('follow and serve them').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e014be47b76785d4ec7d4c?page=907","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":705,"wd":"c. 700–705","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":705},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"thugs rje chen po mun sel sgron me'i skor","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"By making offerings to the local gods and spirits of the mountains and valleys, the excellent queen became pregnant.","why":"The passage explicitly states that offerings were made to local gods and spirits of the mountains and valleys to obtain a child, depicting spirits tied to natural places with whom humans enter into reciprocal relations t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e787f14a6785cfd60ce489?page=14","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷九十八~卷一百 (vol 31)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Various shamans would take the sons and daughters of the commoners to be the mountain’s consort, changing them every year.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a religious practice at Tang and Hou mountains where the mountains (or their residing spirits, 'The Old Man and Old Woman of the Two Mountains') were sacrificed to and given human youths ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c655f39b4508b04e2e4a7?page=53","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十九之五 (vol 690)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"In a poem by Du Fu: The mountain spirit stands with one foot; the viper is as long as a tree.","why":"The passage quotes a line from a poem by Du Fu mentioning a one-footed mountain spirit (shangui), evoking a spirit tied to the mountain within poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c64fd39b4508b04e2bb76?page=45","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mdos chog","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"to the medicinal goddesses of the snow mountains and the rock slides; to the medicinal goddesses of the cliffs, lakes, and forests; to the Mamo and medicinal goddesses together with their retinues: I pray! I offer! I sacrifice!","why":"The text is a ritual invocation directly praying and making offerings to medicinal goddesses tied to natural landscape features (snow mountains, rock slides, cliffs, lakes, and forests) to avert plagues and curses.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788044a6785cfd60ce94f?page=62","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"pad gling thugs sres lnga pa'i bka' 'bum las pod hung","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"The twelve Tenma Goddesses who protect the land, and the Mamo and Dakini classes without exception, along with the hosts of the eight classes of spirits.","why":"The text presents an insider ritual invocation addressing the twelve Tenma Goddesses who protect the land as spirits tied to the land/earth with whom practitioners maintain an active relationship, requesting their protec","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788554a6785cfd60d083e?page=133","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百十八~卷一百十九 (vol 141)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The Mountain Spirit wishes to employ you.","why":"The passage describes a Mountain Spirit speaking from the air to recruit and empower a filial daughter to heal illnesses, explicitly presenting a mountain spirit tied to the place who enters into an interactive working r","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c662d39b4508b04e32991?page=69","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷十七之五 (vol 372)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Entering the depths, the clouds and rain suddenly burst forth; emerging, the mountain spirits <note>Xiao</note> greet the guest.","why":"In Chao Buzhi's poem on visiting the South Cliff of Xin Prefecture, mountain spirits (xiao) tied to the mountain cliff actively interact with the visitor ('greet the guest'), presenting them as place-tied beings capable ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c63c039b4508b04e22ea2?page=112","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷三十七: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 220)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"I am the Mountain Spirit. Ordinarily, when people sacrifice to me, they all seek blessings from me. Because you are an elder of great virtue, I have come to you to seek food instead.","why":"The passage from the Records of Investigating the Divine (Ji Shen Lu) explicitly depicts the Mountain Spirit appearing in human form, interacting directly with a virtuous village elder, and speaking of the sacrifices off","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c60c540c88a541d8ea697?page=83","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Session Reports of the Physical-Medical Society in Erlangen","a":"Eilhard Wiedemann et al.","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"As recently as the autumn of 1793, they were prospecting in Dürrenweid, where the \"golden stag\" (a four-legged mountain spirit) was grazing; they mined for sulfur pyrites instead of gold ores near Schauenstein; they wanted to smelt tombac-brown mica","why":"The author attacks the local miners' belief in the 'golden stag' (a mountain spirit grazing at Dürrenweid) as foolish superstition and ignorance that must be combated with rational education.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0ad1ddfa75eca1108056c5?page=178","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1907,"wd":"1907","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1907,"wt":1907},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1612,"ye":null,"t":"Lexicon of Alchemy","a":"Ruland sr., Martin","lg":"Latin","tr":"european-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"demon-harmful","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"our miners call it cobalt, just as they also name a certain type of mountain spirit a \"Cobalt.\"","why":"The text reports miners' beliefs that a specific type of spirit tied to a natural place (a 'mountain spirit' / Cobalt) exists and shares a name with the ore found in Bohemian and Meissen mines.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6980941f08ed39e7ae2ef412?page=192","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1598,"wd":"1584–1611, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1584,"wt":1611},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷九十九之七 (vol 692)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"protection","q":"The River Spirit reversed the wind for them; the shepherd's purse and wheat were about to wither, but the Mountain Spirit produced rain for them.","why":"The quoted passage from Yu Xin explicitly depicts the River Spirit and Mountain Spirit as beings of natural places possessing agency and responsiveness to humans (reversing the wind for stranded boats and producing rain ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c650039b4508b04e2bc88?page=10","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百三十七~卷一百三十九 (vol 96)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"field-crop","s":"animal-person","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The man said to them: \"My crops are here and are constantly violated by the Great Guests. If you appreciate what I did, do not invade them again","why":"The passage depicts elephants as persons capable of understanding, gratitude, and moral reciprocity, referred to respectfully by locals as 'Great Guests' and addressed directly by the man to negotiate a mutual pact of no","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65ff39b4508b04e30d0c?page=20","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1905,"ye":null,"t":"Haida Texts and Myths, Skidegate Dialect","a":"John R. Swanton","lg":"Haida","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Now a big mountain called \"Looking-at-his-own-shadow\" called him in.","why":"The passage from an ethnographic work (Bureau of American Ethnology) directly presents the mountain 'Looking-at-his-own-shadow' as a person/spirit with a house, who speaks, hosts, and interacts with the protagonist.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259913d2d40d1b059198b?page=218","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1897,"wd":"1888–1905, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1888,"wt":1905},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1667,"ye":null,"t":"Classic of Mountains and Seas","a":"Guo Pu (郭璞) commentary","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"It is the god of Mount He.","why":"The passage explicitly describes Tai Feng as the god of Mount He who dwells on Mount Fu, directly presenting a mountain as the home of a localized deity.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992c91569b777d72c7633f7?page=76","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":-250,"wd":"Warring States to early Han","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-350,"wt":-100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu sTon pa'i skyes rabs","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Then a nature spirit <term>yaksha</term>, an elephant, and a monkey who stayed in that forest arrived there to hear the Dharma.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a nature spirit (yaksha) who stayed in that forest, alongside an elephant and a monkey, who comes to hear the Dharma and takes an oath before the Bodhisattva and the group, presenting the","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e18c311a9edd462221b2?page=78","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1319,"wd":"1299–1339, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1299,"wt":1339},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"佛果圜悟禪師碧巖錄 (Blue Cliff Record), juan 1–2, vol. 1 of 5","a":"雪竇重顯 (Xuedou Chongxian), verses; 圜悟克勤 (Yuanwu Keqin), commen","lg":"Classical Chinese","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"That night, a mountain deity told him, \"There is no need to leave this place. Tomorrow, a living Bodhisattva will come to explain the Dharma for the Master. Do not go.\"","why":"The passage recounts that a mountain deity communicated directly with Master Juzhi, advising him to stay at the hermitage because a living Bodhisattva would arrive to teach him the Dharma, presenting the mountain as the ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abedf327ca0bb7fcd9e6c38?page=77","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1125,"wd":"c. 1125–1128","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1125,"wt":1128},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1608,"ye":null,"t":"In Search of the Supernatural (Soushen Ji)","a":"干寶","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The Lord of the Western Peak governs the world's gold, silver, copper, iron, and all substances belonging to the five metals.","why":"The passage identifies the Western Peak (Mount Hua) with a specific deity, the Lord of the Western Peak (with a family name, taboo name, and sphere of governance), who is tied directly to the mountain and officially hono","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cfdaf5b4f75c1a4c9a6b?page=52","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":350,"wd":"c. 4th century (Eastern Jin), with much later Ming additions","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1699,"ye":null,"t":"莊子旁注 (Zhuangzi with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"莊周 (Zhuangzi)","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Fenyu obtained it to wander through the great rivers.","why":"The passage and its commentary depict Fenyu (Fengyi) as a water deity and immortal (the River Count) who roams the great rivers, employing mythological convention to illustrate attainment of the Dao.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e72c60a409200ea79f46f6?page=159","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":-320,"wd":"353–287 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-353,"wt":-287},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1608,"ye":null,"t":"In Search of the Supernatural (Soushen Ji)","a":"干寶","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The Lord of the Central Peak is the primary governor of the world's lands, marshes, rivers, valleys, irrigation channels, mountain forests, and all varieties of trees and vegetation.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies Mount Song (the Central Peak) as possessing a specific mountain deity, the Lord of the Central Peak, complete with a family name, personal name, governance over natural domains, and impe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cfdaf5b4f75c1a4c9a6b?page=56","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":350,"wd":"c. 4th century (Eastern Jin), with much later Ming additions","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷五十二: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 235)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The Emperor asked the Academicians, \"What kind of deity is the Goddess of the Xiang?\"","why":"The passage quotes the Records of the Grand Historian recounting Qin Shi Huang's visit to the Xiang Mountain shrine, where the Academicians identify the Goddess of the Xiang as a local deity—the daughter of Yao and wife ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c60d240c88a541d8eaf04?page=82","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1720,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur Phal chen Ka","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The liberation of the Mountain Deity Dwelling in the Perfectly Expanded Flowers of the Jewel Peak is called \"Truly Entering the Peaceful, Vast, and Solitary Radiance of Meditative Concentration.\"","why":"The text explicitly names mountain deities (such as the 'Mountain Deity Dwelling in the Perfectly Expanded Flowers of the Jewel Peak') who possess spiritual realizations and liberations, presenting mountains and their fe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab325f1a22ab19a94758?page=66","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百二十七: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 400)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Murong Jun considered this an appointment from the Mountain Deity.","why":"The passage records an event at Mount Chang (Changshan) where uprooted jades are taken by the ruler Murong Jun as a conferral/appointment from the Mountain Deity (shan shen), in response to which he dispatches an officia","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6172879008ba7e15e5e5?page=51","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷三十四: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 217)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"When Wang Dao of the Jin Dynasty reached this location, a mountain deity appeared to him in a dream.","why":"The text explicitly records that when Wang Dao reached Ma-an Mountain, a mountain deity appeared to him in a dream, which prompted the establishment of a temple dedicated to the deity tied to this specific mountain.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c60c240c88a541d8ea512?page=22","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定康熙字典·卷八 (vol 43)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The hills have the Shen, described in the commentary as shaped like a dog with horns and a body of five-colored patterns.","why":"The dictionary defines the character as the name of a mountain deity and cites the Zhuangzi stating that the hills have the Shen, presenting hills as the dwelling place of a specific spirit/deity tied to that landscape f","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5e9940c88a541d8e3c45?page=28","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rDzogs chen khros ma nag mo'I rgyud sogs","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"By practicing the Wisdom Swastika, make offerings to the local deities.","why":"The text gives ritual instructions for entering and establishing sites in Rice Valley, explicitly prescribing offerings to the local deities tied to that location.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e76154cc48e59ad74ef29b?page=106","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1000,"wd":"c. 800–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":800,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1775,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur dKon brtsegs Nga","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"At that time, a mountain deity spoke in verse:","why":"The text explicitly features a 'mountain deity' (a person/spirit tied to the mountain) who actively speaks in verse in a Buddhist canonical Jātaka/narrative tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab435f1a22ab19a958f8?page=321","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":null,"t":"Myogye kamju","a":"Unknown","lg":"Korean","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Worshiping the mountain deity on a snowy night.","why":"The poetic line explicitly refers to worshiping a mountain deity on a snowy night, depicting a ritual relation with a spirit tied to a mountain.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f328089e1cab5867a34dce?page=21","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1800,"wd":"c. 1700–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"The Religious System of China, Vol. 6: Demonology and Sorcery","a":"J. J. M. de Groot","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"We may also refer to page 281, where a tale from the fourth century relates how a dangerous and mighty tree-spirit was stripped of its power because the men attacking it had their faces painted red, wore red clothes, and had wound a red cord around the tree.","why":"The passage reports an ethnographic/historical account of a fourth-century tale describing a tree-spirit tied to a tree that humans interacted with and attacked using red cords, clothing, and face paint.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907973b621b177c1af7880?page=49","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1890,"wd":"1869–1910, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1910},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百九十三: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 367)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"After a few strokes of the axe, blood suddenly flowed out. When the tree was severed, a creature with a human face and a dog's body emerged from inside.","why":"The passage cites a legend from In Search of the Supernatural describing a large camphor tree that bleeds when cut down and contains a Penghou—a tree spirit with a human face dwelling within it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c615240c88a541d8efe83?page=28","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1733,"ye":null,"t":"བཀའ་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འབུམ། ཏ (Derge Kangyur, vol. 85)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"If one recites one hundred thousand times in front of a tree, the deities of the trees will grant supreme gifts.","why":"The passage explicitly describes tree deities tied to trees who grant supreme gifts to a practitioner who recites a mantra before a tree, presenting natural trees as the dwelling of spirits with whom humans can establish","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6ac197d40bfddaf1932d4b8d?page=60","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":700,"wd":"c. 600–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":600,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion","a":"James George Frazer","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"But, as we have seen, the power of blessing women with offspring is a special attribute of tree-spirits;","why":"The passage discusses the comparative religious belief that tree-spirits (beings tied to trees and vegetation) possess the power to bless women with offspring, treating trees/vegetation as inhabited by spirits with whom ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd85f855ec553e77a81?page=284","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1880,"wd":"1869–1890, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1890},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":null,"t":"The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion","a":"James George Frazer","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The mistletoe was viewed as the seat of life of the oak, and so long as it was uninjured, nothing could kill or even wound the oak.","why":"Frazer explicitly equates the oak tree with the god Balder ('Balder was the oak', 'when the god had to be killed—when the sacred tree had to be burnt'), presenting the tree as an animate divine being worshipped by people","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cd85f855ec553e77a81?page=305","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1880,"wd":"1869–1890, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1869,"wt":1890},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"金光明經摘錄 (vol 3)","a":"曇無讖","lg":"Chinese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The elder's son asked the tree deity, 'How many heads of fish are there?'","why":"The passage explicitly features a dialogue between Jalavahana and a tree deity (樹神), presenting the tree as the dwelling of a localized spirit who converses and interacts directly with a human protagonist within Buddhist","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5e6240c88a541d8e194d?page=64","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":417,"wd":"c. 414–421","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":414,"wt":421},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"金光明經摘錄 (vol 3)","a":"曇無讖","lg":"Chinese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"The Buddha told the tree spirit,","why":"The passage depicts the Buddha directly addressing a tree spirit, presenting the spirit of a natural entity (a tree) as a person with whom one stands in relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5e6240c88a541d8e194d?page=116","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":417,"wd":"c. 414–421","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":414,"wt":421},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"金光明經摘錄 (vol 3)","a":"曇無讖","lg":"Chinese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"At that time, a tree deity manifested half of his body and said, 'Well done, well done, great good man! These fish are to be pitied; you should provide them with water.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree deity manifesting half of its body from a tree to converse directly with the elder's son, presenting the tree as the abode of a spirit tied to that place with whom humans can enter i","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5e6240c88a541d8e194d?page=63","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":417,"wd":"c. 414–421","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":414,"wt":421},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient History of the Maori, Vol. 1","a":"John White","lg":"Maori","tr":"pacific","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"Hine-ata-uira inquired of Papa-tu-a-nuku <gloss>Earth Mother</gloss>, \"Who is my husband?\" to which Papa-tu-a-nuku replied, \"O young woman! (do you ask) who is your husband? (He is truly) your father.\"","why":"The passage depicts Papa-tu-a-nuku (glossed as Earth Mother, the personified earth) as a person who is spoken to by Hine-ata-uira and speaks in response, reported within an ethnographic compilation of Ngāi Tahu Māori tra","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249e7a2d53df4853c0e9c?page=173","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1887,"wd":"1887","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1887,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"The Damathat (Laws of Manu, bilingual Burmese/English)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Burmese","tr":"burmese-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"On this occasion, the spirits of the forest and the spirits of the hills shouted their praises and applause.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the spirits of the forest and the spirits of the hills acting as conscious beings who witness human legal affairs and shout their praise and applause, affirming spirits tied to natural pl","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e0113dc47b5c9f88214596?page=30","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1760,"wd":"c. 1750–1880","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1750,"wt":1880},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"The Damathat (Laws of Manu, bilingual Burmese/English)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Burmese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The guardian spirits of the forest and water, along with the tree-dwelling and earth-dwelling spirits, offered their blessings.","why":"The text explicitly states that guardian spirits of the forest and water, as well as tree-dwelling and earth-dwelling spirits, offered their blessings upon the establishment of boundaries and laws, presenting natural fea","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e0113dc47b5c9f88214596?page=20","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1760,"wd":"c. 1750–1880","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1750,"wt":1880},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"The Damathat (Laws of Manu, bilingual Burmese/English)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Burmese","tr":"burmese-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The <term>Yokkhi</term> <gloss>tree spirit/dryad</gloss> appeared.","why":"The text explicitly describes a tree spirit (Yokkhi / dryad) tied to a young tree who appears when a farmer cuts down the tree.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e0113dc47b5c9f88214596?page=42","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1760,"wd":"c. 1750–1880","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1750,"wt":1880},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"The Damathat (Laws of Manu, bilingual Burmese/English)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Burmese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Once judged in this way, the spirits of the forest, the hill spirits, and the earth spirits shouted praises and applause.","why":"The text affirms spirits tied directly to natural places (the forest, hills, and earth) who act as persons by shouting praises and applause in response to a righteous judgment, presented as part of the legal tradition's ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e0113dc47b5c9f88214596?page=34","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1760,"wd":"c. 1750–1880","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1750,"wt":1880},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan","a":"Richard Gordon Smith","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"field-crop","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"I must appease the spirits by disemboweling myself.","why":"The passage recounts a legend featuring lotus spirits tied to the lotus flowers, whom a person seeks to appease through prayer and ritual suicide, fitting the criteria of natural beings/plants treated as persons with who","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a6db8b55d19ec66ebd?page=477","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"appease the spirits","yw":1891,"wd":"1873–1908, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan","a":"Richard Gordon Smith","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The spirit—to punish him and to show that there is invisible life in old and dead things, and often of the best kind—appeared to Matsui as a beautiful woman being killed; the spirit then entered his beautiful painting and haunted him.","why":"The passage describes an inquiry finding that Matsui's family was plagued because he killed the spirit of an old cherry tree, which acted as an agent to punish him and haunt him, directly presenting the tree as the dwell","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a6db8b55d19ec66ebd?page=525","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1891,"wd":"1873–1908, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan","a":"Richard Gordon Smith","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Even if the spirit of the tree did appear to you in the form of a girl, did she say that she would be sorry to leave your poor garden for a place of honor in that of the dainagon?","why":"The passage describes a plum tree whose spirit embodies as a girl ('the Spirit of the Plum Tree') capable of speech, emotion, and moral action, and who physically corresponds to the tree itself (striking her severs a blo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a6db8b55d19ec66ebd?page=564","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1891,"wd":"1873–1908, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan","a":"Richard Gordon Smith","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"THE SPIRIT OF THE TREE APPEARS TO KOTARO AND THE OLD MAN","why":"The text explicitly refers to 'the spirit of the tree' appearing to Kotaro and the old man, presenting the plum tree as the dwelling of or embodied by a spirit tied to that specific tree who interacts with humans within ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a6db8b55d19ec66ebd?page=558","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1891,"wd":"1873–1908, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan","a":"Richard Gordon Smith","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"THE SPIRIT OF THE WILLOW TREE APPEARS TO GOHEI","why":"The text explicitly presents a willow tree as having or dwelling with a spirit ('THE SPIRIT OF THE WILLOW TREE') that manifests and interacts with a human ('APPEARS TO GOHEI'). Within a collection of traditional legends ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a6db8b55d19ec66ebd?page=599","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1891,"wd":"1873–1908, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1908,"ye":null,"t":"Ancient Tales and Folklore of Japan","a":"Richard Gordon Smith","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"Thus, Hambei’s life was saved by the spirit of the tree.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Hambei's life was saved by the spirit of the plum tree and notes that its dead stump was venerated for many years, presenting a specific tree as inhabited by a spirit with whom humans i","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079a6db8b55d19ec66ebd?page=565","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1891,"wd":"1873–1908, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1908},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百九十五: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 369)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The tree spirit said, Is it not exhausting to engage in such a battle?","why":"The passage explicitly quotes a 'tree spirit' speaking and acting in defense of a specific big tree growing atop a shrine, presenting the tree as possessing or inhabited by a spirit tied to that place.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c615340c88a541d8eff85?page=81","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1782,"ye":null,"t":"In Search of the Supernatural","a":"Gan Bao","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"After several strokes of the axe, blood suddenly gushed out. When the tree was finally severed, a creature with a human face and a dog’s body emerged from the center of the trunk.","why":"The passage describes a massive camphor tree that bleeds when chopped and contains a living being ('a creature with a human face and a dog’s body', identified as the Penghou, the essence/spirit of the wood) dwelling in i","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699998884310a6713945261c?page=158","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":345,"wd":"c. 335–350 CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":335,"wt":350},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定康熙字典·卷十八 (vol 17)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"A thousand-year-old tree spirit transforms into a green cow.","why":"The passage quotes the Xuanzhong Ji recording a legend where a thousand-year-old tree harbors a tree spirit that emerges as a green ox when the First Emperor of Qin fells the tree.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c5e7d40c88a541d8e286d?page=5","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1885,"ye":null,"t":"The Annals of the Cakchiquels: the Original Text, with a Translation, Notes and Introduction","a":"Daniel G. Brinton (ed.)","lg":"Cakchiquel / English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"naval chee, naval abah, the spirit of the tree, of the stone, or the divinity embodied in the idols of these substances.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic/linguistic account of Cakchiquel beliefs, explicitly identifying 'naval chee' and 'naval abah' as the spirit of the tree and the spirit of the stone.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f8c1260c0c281d4bd32961?page=52","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1571–1604","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1571,"wt":1604},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur Myang 'das Ka","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"Son of noble family, for example, although a tree-spirit abides in a tree, it is improper to say it abides definitely in the branches, the knots, the trunk, or the leaves; even though its dwelling is not certain, it is improper to say it does not exist.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that a tree-spirit dwells in a tree and that it is improper to say it does not exist, using the dwelling of a tree-spirit as an accepted reality in its own doctrinal tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abee5f1a22ab19aa0921?page=211","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree spirit","yw":300,"wd":"c. 200–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷三十二之二~卷三十三 (vol 446)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The Earth God is the lord of the land, and the Grain God is the First Farmer.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the Earth God (She) as the 'lord of the land' who receives ongoing sacrifices of grain, animals, and silk, presenting the earth/land as ruled by a tutelary spirit with whom humans mainta","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c640f39b4508b04e23ec9?page=63","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"The Influence of Animism on Islam","a":"Samuel Marinus Zwemer","lg":"English","tr":"islamic","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Among them, the earth, air, and water are supposed to be populated with spirits.","why":"The text reports ethnographic accounts of animist beliefs where the earth, air, water, forests, and wastelands are inhabited by spirits that directly interact with and afflict living humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907933b621b177c1af58ab?page=172","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animist","yw":1901,"wd":"1882–1920, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1882,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"The Influence of Animism on Islam","a":"Samuel Marinus Zwemer","lg":"English","tr":"islamic","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"‘If the village knew, they would be very angry. Don’t you know these are persons?’","why":"The passage explicitly reports a host reproving someone for cutting saplings from the root of an old tree, directly stating: 'Don’t you know these are persons?'","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907933b621b177c1af58ab?page=254","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1901,"wd":"1882–1920, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1882,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"The Influence of Animism on Islam","a":"Samuel Marinus Zwemer","lg":"English","tr":"islamic","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"In Nagran, a date-palm served as a god.","why":"The passage explicitly reports historical tree worship in pre-Islamic Arabia, noting that in Nagran a specific date-palm served as a god.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907933b621b177c1af58ab?page=191","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animist","yw":1901,"wd":"1882–1920, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1882,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"The Influence of Animism on Islam","a":"Samuel Marinus Zwemer","lg":"English","tr":"islamic","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"He is satisfied with the fact that a tree has a spirit attached to it; he does not stop to inquire whether that spirit is the soul of the tree or merely a ghost that has taken up its abode in the tree; all he is certain about is that some unseen power is connected with the tree.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the belief that a tree has a spirit attached to it, conceived either as the soul of the tree or a ghost that has taken up its abode within it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907933b621b177c1af58ab?page=246","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1901,"wd":"1882–1920, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1882,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1739,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Vol. II","a":"Girolamo Fracastoro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Nor should it grieve you, Hamadryads, <note>original: \"Hamadryades\". These are Greek nature spirits or nymphs whose lives are inextricably linked to a specific tree; if the tree dies, the nymph dies.</note> when the heat comes,","why":"The passage directly addresses the Hamadryads (tree nymphs inextricably tied to trees) asking them to care for the juniper's roots and branches, depicting them alongside Fauns and Diana as spirits dwelling in and protect","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0f3aa29929c8bdc27982?page=287","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1523,"wd":"1493–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1493,"wt":1553},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu Phar phyin Ti ka rin chen phreng ba","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"At that moment, a tree deity said, \"Your own younger brother is the enemy; he did this.\"","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree deity who speaks directly to Virtuous Purpose, presenting a tree as the dwelling of a local spirit with whom humans can stand in relation, accepted within the text's own Buddhist nar","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e180311a9edd46221c7d?page=15","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1300,"wd":"c. 1100–1500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1100,"wt":1500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1600,"ye":null,"t":"維摩詰所說經註 (Wei mo jie suo shuo jing zhu)","a":"Changan shi, Sengzhao shu (长安释, 僧肇述)","lg":"Multiple","tr":"chinese-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"kinship","q":"His name was Kolita, which is the name of a tree deity.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a tree deity (Kolita) whom Maudgalyāyana's parents prayed to in order to conceive a child, establishing a direct relation between humans and a spirit tied to a natural entity (a tree) wit","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69f134071764d779d0c722fc?page=238","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":410,"wd":"c. 405–414","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":405,"wt":414},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1519,"ye":null,"t":"On Speech and Other Works","a":"Giovanni Gioviano Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Hamadryas requires an aspiration, because it is said to be so because it is born together with a tree.","why":"The text explicitly defines the Hamadryad as a spirit born together with a tree, citing classical mythological convention in the context of an etymological and grammatical explanation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0970a6bf2196cdca904531?page=503","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། སྐྱེས་རབས། གེ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 172)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The King, having performed recitations in the shrine of the tree deity for the sake of obtaining a son, acted in accordance with his intentions.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the King performing recitations and making petitions at the shrine of a tree deity to obtain a son, directly presenting a tree spirit tied to that natural place with whom human beings sta","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abed33b896ea18127c8cfde?page=55","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":875,"wd":"c. 700–1050, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":1050},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Light of Asia; or, The Great Renunciation","a":"Edwin Arnold","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"And this had been: for there was born to her\nA beauteous boy, now three months old, who lay\nBetween Sujâta’s breasts, while she did pace\nWith grateful foot-steps to the Wood-God’s shrine,","why":"The passage depicts Sujata fulfilling a vow by bringing an offering of food to the Wood-God under his tree, treating the tree as the dwelling of a local spirit/deity with whom humans interact through prayer and ritual.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1aa517c8638d1ea5c80bc4?page=124","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the tree","yw":1863,"wd":"1847–1879, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1879},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1540,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur 'Dus 'khor 'grel pa sMad cha","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Taking provisions from the tree-deity and others, he built twenty-four monasteries.","why":"The text explicitly describes Master Aryadeva receiving provisions from a tree-deity (a spirit tied to a tree) to build monasteries, presenting the tree as the dwelling of a spirit with whom a human stands in an active r","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aae15f1a22ab19a8edd5?page=257","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1015,"wd":"c. 1000–1030, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1000,"wt":1030},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"the Bodhisatta, having been reborn as the tree-deity in that place, saw it.","why":"The text explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree-deity (rukkha-devatā) tied to that place, who manifests to the crowd, teaches the Dhamma, and establishes the local people in moral conduct.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=185","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1720,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur Kanjur 'Dul ba Cha","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Venerable One, a former carpenter who was old, childish, ignorant, unclear, and unskilled, cut down the tree that was my dwelling, my island, my protection, my refuge, my strength, my bed, my site, and my support, and used it to build a monastery for the community.","why":"The text depicts a deity whose dwelling was a tree that was cut down, speaking directly to the Buddha about losing their home and small offspring, with the Buddha instructing another deity to share their dwelling.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab225f1a22ab19a93749?page=402","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":150,"wd":"c. 400 BCE–700, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-400,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The tree-deity, standing on the branches, spoke this verse:","why":"The passage explicitly describes a tree-deity dwelling in a banyan tree standing at the village gate, who communicates directly with a human making an offering, and the tradition affirms this through the Buddha identifyi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=186","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasi, the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree deity in the Himavanta.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree deity residing in a tree in the Himavanta, who observes and speaks from the branches of the tree to counsel the frightened elephant.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=432","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"At that time, the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree deity in a Sāla forest in the Himalayan region.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the Bodhisatta reborn as a tree deity residing in a Himalayan Sāla forest, and describes other deities taking trees as their dwelling places ('mansions') and obtaining gain and fame from pe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=345","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"At that time, the jackal was Devadatta, but the tree deity was I myself.","why":"The Buddha explicitly identifies himself in a previous birth as the tree deity (rukkhadevatā) residing in the tree, who observed the events from a branch, spoke directly to advise the brāhmaṇa, and vanished.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=443","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"The poor man at that time is the same poor man now, but the castor-oil tree deity was I myself.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the Bodhisatta as the 'castor-oil tree deity'—a spirit inhabiting a specific tree—with whom a poor man interacted through offerings and received instructions regarding buried treasure.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=441","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The Bodhisatta, standing on the trunk and branches, said, \"O man, if you were a lord, you would give me sweet cakes; but you are poor. I will not eat your cake, so what else will I eat? Do not waste my share.\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes the Bodhisatta being reborn as a tree deity residing in a castor-oil tree, speaking from its trunk and branches and receiving an offering from a devotee, affirmed directly by the Buddha w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=440","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"The tree deity, having seen this event in the village and the misfortune of her husband in the forest, standing in the fork of the tree, said, \"O man, your work in the water was spoiled, and your work on the land was spoiled; you have fallen from both,\"","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree deity residing in and standing in the fork of the tree, who observes the events and directly speaks to the fisherman.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=500","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasī, the Bodhisatta was a tree deity in a forest hermitage.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a tree in a forest hermitage inhabited by a tree deity (the Bodhisatta) who converses and interacts directly with other beings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=120","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasi, the Bodhisatta was a tree-deity on the banks of the Ganges.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was a tree-deity on the banks of the Ganges, directly presenting a tree or riverbank as the dwelling of a localized spirit in accordance with the Buddhist Jātaka traditio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=164","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was ruling in Bārāṇasi, the Bodhisatta was a tree deity.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree deity in a forest during a past life, which affirms the Buddhist tradition's belief in deities dwelling in trees.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=192","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasi, the Bodhisatta was a tree-deity in a forest area.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was born as a tree-deity residing in a forest area, directly presenting a tree/forest as the dwelling of a localized spirit within Buddhist narrative tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=174","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"A tree-deity, seeing him, asked, \"Caṇḍa, where are you going?\"","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree-deity inhabiting a tree, speaking directly with Caṇḍa, and complaining about no longer receiving offerings from people, directly affirming an animistic spirit dwelling in a natural e","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=317","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"At that time, the elderly monk was the jackal, the two young swans were Sāriputta and Moggallāna, but the tree deity was I myself.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the Buddha in a past birth as a 'tree deity', affirming a tree as the dwelling of a spirit/person within the text's own religious tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=121","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"At that time, the daughter was the daughter, the father was the father, but the tree deity who was the witness to that cause was myself.","why":"The Buddha identifies himself in a past life as a tree deity who witnessed the scene in the forest, affirming a spirit dwelling in and tied to a tree within the text's own tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=193","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"The Jātaka Together With Its Commentary, Vol. II (Pali Text)","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasī, the Bodhisatta was reborn as a castor-oil tree deity in the vicinity of a village.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was reborn as a castor-oil tree deity residing in a tree in the vicinity of a village, presenting a specific natural tree as the dwelling of an individual spirit within t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99e9576b9bab2de21a0bc?page=453","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1881,"ye":null,"t":"Vinaya Texts, Part I (SBE Vol. 13)","a":"T.W. Rhys Davids & H. Oldenberg (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"Then a deity that resided in a Kakudha tree <note>A species of tree.</note>, understanding, &c., bent down a branch and said: ‘Lord, might the Blessed One take hold of this branch when going up (from the tank).’","why":"The passage explicitly describes a specific tree (a Kakudha tree) as the dwelling of a resident deity who interacts directly with the Blessed One by understanding his thought, bending down a branch, and speaking to him.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b63e7c2a1dde00d5a9e150?page=170","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":-350,"wd":"c. 400–300 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-400,"wt":-300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur Myang 'das Ga","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The deity of that tree was born simultaneously with the tree and always offered that incense to all the Buddhas.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a sandalwood tree on the bank of the Ganges that was inhabited by a tree deity who was born with the tree, offered incense to the Buddhas, and died when the tree withered.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abf15f1a22ab19aa0c01?page=345","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":300,"wd":"c. 200–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"The Majjhima Nikaya: The First Fifty Discourses","a":"Robert Chalmers (ed.)","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"and suppose the deity residing in that Sāl tree to become afraid and agitated and terrified, and that the friends and relatives of that deity—the deities of wood and grove and tree and the deities that dwell in herbs and grasses and greenery—having assembled together, with one accord should comfort that Sāl tree deity, saying: ‘Have no fear, good sir, have no fear!","why":"The passage explicitly presents a Sāl tree, woods, groves, trees, herbs, and grasses as the dwellings of deities who experience fear, speak, and comfort one another, consistent with early Buddhist cosmological tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99cfd1f30176bf4d36bbf?page=194","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":-300,"wd":"c. 400–250 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-400,"wt":-250},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1860,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Thor bu 013 gSer 'od dam pa","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"At that time, a tree deity revealed half of its body and said: \"Excellent, excellent! Noble son, because you possess the true purpose, it is fitting that you, called 'Water-Bringer,' should give water out of love for these fish.\"","why":"The text describes a tree deity tied to a tree who reveals half its body and converses directly with Chu 'Bebs, portraying the tree as the dwelling of a spirit capable of entering into personal relationships with humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab7a5f1a22ab19a991df?page=335","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":400,"wd":"c. 300–500, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百十五~卷一百十六 (vol 37)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The deity was originally a great catalpa tree from the Southern Mountains.","why":"The passage explicitly presents a great catalpa tree as a speaking deity that heals its wounds, possesses agency, transforms into a bull, and receives an official shrine established by the state of Qin.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c656539b4508b04e2e922?page=46","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Wa","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Then the tree deity was pained with grief and cried out \"Alas! Alas!\"","why":"The passage explicitly describes the deity of a particular tree acting to protect the King, being directly addressed in conversation by King Mahaprabha, and weeping in grief.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abb35f1a22ab19a9c9d3?page=364","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འདུལ་བ། ཕུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 153)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Venerable One, previously an old carpenter, a childish, ignorant, unclear, and unskilled man, cut down a tree that was my home, my island, my protection, my refuge, my support, my dwelling, my foundation, and my basis, in order to build a monastery for the Community <term>Sangha</term> <gloss>the monastic community</gloss>.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a tree as the dwelling of a deity (tree spirit) who speaks with the Buddha about losing their tree home and children's shelter, leading the Buddha to rehome the deity and forbid monastics f","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abec54c896ea18127c8a3f6?page=93","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":250,"wd":"c. 100–400, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1478,"ye":null,"t":"Tragoediae","a":"Seneca, Lucius Annaeus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"And the Dryad, fleeing its own oak, Hurries to the movement.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a Dryad as an indwelling spirit tied to a specific tree ('fleeing its own oak') responding to Orpheus's music within a mythological/poetic dramatic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcbf71040d1d5e20bb4e3?page=326","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":35,"wd":"5–65, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":5,"wt":65},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1534,"ye":null,"t":"Diuersorum veterum poetarum in Priapum lusus. P.V.M. Catalecta. Copa. Rosae. Culex. Dirae. Moretum. Ciris. Aet","a":"Virgil","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"O cattle, O Panes <note>woodland spirits</note>, and O most pleasing glades of the fountain of the Hamadryads <note>nymphs of the trees</note>, whose emulation is not in rich cultivation, every shepherd, a poet for himself like Ascraean <note>referring to Hesiod</note>, leads a secure life with a peaceful heart.","why":"The passage depicts glades and a fountain as the dwelling of Hamadryads (tree nymphs) and Panes (woodland spirits) in a pastoral poetic setting where the shepherd leads his life among them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08544c49638a50931bf6e4?page=59","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1,"wd":"c. 50 BCE–100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-50,"wt":100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འདུལ་བ། ཤུ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 166)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"When starting new construction work, the workers should offer prayers to the tree-deity.","why":"The text prescribes offering prayers, food, flowers, and Dharma teachings to a tree-deity when beginning construction work, presenting the tree as the dwelling of a spirit tied to that place with whom humans interact.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abed040896ea18127c8c1b8?page=51","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":715,"wd":"c. 690–740, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":690,"wt":740},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"Eventyr og Historier, Bind 5","a":"Hans Christian Andersen","lg":"Danish","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"\"Poor Dryad!\"","why":"The passage depicts a newly planted tree as the dwelling of a dryad (tree spirit) who speaks, perceives, and feels life through the tree.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e72a1ca409200ea79f233f?page=90","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1848,"wd":"1820–1875, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1820,"wt":1875},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"Eventyr og Historier, Bind 5","a":"Hans Christian Andersen","lg":"Danish","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"In the same moment she sat under the gas-lit, leafy branches, young and lovely, like poor Mari, to whom it was said: \"The great city will be your ruin!\"","why":"The passage explicitly presents a tree as the dwelling ('her house door') and living casing of a tree spirit ('the Dryad herself'), who emerges from within the tree in a literary fairy tale setting.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e72a1ca409200ea79f233f?page=93","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1848,"wd":"1820–1875, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1820,"wt":1875},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"Eventyr og Historier, Bind 5","a":"Hans Christian Andersen","lg":"Danish","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Here stood trees in rows, young and slim, each hiding its Dryad from the rays of the artificial sunlight.","why":"The passage explicitly states that each tree along the boulevard conceals its own Dryad (a tree nymph tied to the tree as its dwelling), presented in a literary/fairytale convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e72a1ca409200ea79f233f?page=94","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1848,"wd":"1820–1875, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1820,"wt":1875},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"Eventyr og Historier, Bind 5","a":"Hans Christian Andersen","lg":"Danish","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"There lives in the elder tree a being who is called the Elder-Tree Mother, or Elder-Tree Woman.","why":"The passage quotes Thiele's folklore collection recording a Danish popular legend that a spirit called the Elder-Tree Mother lives in the elder tree and avenges harm done to it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e72a1ca409200ea79f233f?page=326","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1848,"wd":"1820–1875, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1820,"wt":1875},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1691,"ye":null,"t":"Cimbrian Pagan Religion","a":"Arnkiel, Trogillus","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Erysichthon is said to have killed a goddess, a Dryad, while cutting down an oak 243.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts the mythological tradition of Erysichthon killing a Dryad (tree nymph/goddess) by felling an oak tree, directly presenting a tree as the dwelling/embodiment of a spirit tied to that natura","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69790f99eb0dcfd399123426?page=495","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1672,"wd":"1653–1691, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1653,"wt":1691},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1628,"ye":null,"t":"Zodiacus vitae","a":"Manzolli, Pietro Angelo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Though <term>Satyrs</term> <gloss>nature spirits</gloss> may hold those places, whom the love of the <term>Dryad</term> <gloss>tree</gloss> Nymphs burns, and though they may lead dances through the grass.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to Satyrs and Dryad nymphs holding and inhabiting those places and dancing through the grass, framed as a classical poetic and mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c828516c6f3cc53c84c30f?page=49","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1529,"wd":"1515–1543, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1515,"wt":1543},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1492,"ye":null,"t":"Tragoediae. Comm: Gellius Bernardinus Marmita. Prelim: G.B. Marmita: Epistolae Guillelmo de Rupeforti","a":"Seneca, Lucius Annaeus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Dryas <gloss>Dryad</gloss>: a nymph named from the oak; for they were said to inhabit the woods; dryos is called oak.","why":"The commentary explicitly defines a Dryad as a nymph named from the oak and dwelling in the woods, recording the classical mythological convention of nature spirits inhabiting trees and forests.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcbfa1040d1d5e20bb837?page=260","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":35,"wd":"5–65, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":5,"wt":65},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1513,"ye":null,"t":"Urania, or Five Books on the Stars; On Meteors; On the Gardens of the Hesperides","a":"Giovanni Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Thus the mother of shining Almo, and the seven sisters\nOf Ufens, thus the three pledges of Umbro, and a hundred\nOf Eridanus, and as many of Nilus, and the thrice-born granddaughters of Timavus,\nAnd the granddaughter of Xanthus, and the granddaughter of Vulturnus he deceived.","why":"The passage depicts specific named rivers (Almo, Ufens, Umbro, Eridanus, Nilus, Timavus, Xanthus, Vulturnus) as local deities possessing families of water nymphs (mothers, sisters, offspring) who interact with and are de","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2697fea90278696507c6e?page=79","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1517,"ye":null,"t":"Martialis","a":"Marcus Valerius Martialis","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Often, beneath this tree, the dryad has hidden in the rustic foliage.","why":"Martial presents a specific tree planted by Caesar as visited and inhabited by woodland spirits, stating that beneath it fauns have played and a dryad has hidden in its foliage, adhering to Greco-Roman poetic and mytholo","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08555e15c643eb1af55af7?page=241","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":80,"wd":"55–104, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":55,"wt":104},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1577,"ye":null,"t":"Letters, Dialogues, and Poems","a":"Henri II Estienne","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"And the Silvani, and the Dryad goddesses, and the masters of the herds\nSurround me and admire me as I sing.","why":"The poem depicts the Silvani (woodland spirits) and Dryad goddesses (tree spirits) gathering around and admiring the poet as he sings, presenting nature spirits tied to woods and groves engaging in a relationship with a ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f4775ef23d31023f7329?page=275","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1560,"wd":"1543–1577, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1543,"wt":1577},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1772,"ye":null,"t":"Treatise on the Origin of Language","a":"Johann Gottfried Herder","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"whatever moves, lives; whatever sounds, speaks—and because it sounds for or against you, it is friend or foe, god or goddess; it acts out of passions, just like you!","why":"Herder reports the belief of early humans ('the first inventor' of language), describing how ancient peoples perceived natural phenomena (storms, winds, springs, oceans, trees/dryads) as living beings, gods/goddesses, an","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ade7eeda7f32a00bedaa7c?page=90","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1766,"wd":"1759–1772, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1759,"wt":1772},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1616,"ye":null,"t":"Three Books on Ancient Germany","a":"Philipp Clüver","lg":"Latin","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"He perceives that the goddess is present in the sanctuary.","why":"The passage quotes Tacitus reporting ancient Germanic religion, where a sacred grove on an ocean island serves as the sanctuary where the goddess Mother Earth is perceived to be present and attended by her priest.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b32cf95a396b236494ba29?page=400","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred grove","yw":1606,"wd":"1595–1616, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1595,"wt":1616},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1833,"ye":null,"t":"Sakuntala oder der Erkennungs-Ring: ein indisches Drama","a":"Kālidāsa; German trans.","lg":"German","tr":"hindu","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Ah, ah! You deities, who dwell in the trees of the sacred grove,","why":"The passage explicitly presents the trees of the sacred grove as the dwelling place of deities (vanadevatās) with whom Sakuntala has a direct personal and reciprocal relationship, and who audibly respond with blessings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dea2114d19ec2e9ba75dd8?page=86","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred grove","yw":401,"wd":"301–500, the author's working years","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":301,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1493,"ye":null,"t":"Tragoediae. Comm: Gellius Bernardinus Marmita and Daniel Caietanus. Prelim: D. Caietanus: Apologia ad Leonardu","a":"Seneca, Lucius Annaeus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"Sed furit <gloss>But he rages</gloss>: even if Neptune is angry because he touched his kingdom.","why":"Neptune is presented as the lord whose kingdom is the sea, who is personally angered when Jason sails upon it, and who demands a penalty for violating his domain.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcbfc1040d1d5e20bb951?page=198","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred grove","yw":35,"wd":"5–65, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":5,"wt":65},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1888,"ye":null,"t":"Qabbalah. The philosophical writings of Solomon Ben Yehuda Ibn Gebirol or Avicebron","a":"Gabirol, Solomon ben Judah ibn","lg":"English","tr":"mesopotamian","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Within it was the holy house of Davkina (the Great Mother) and of Tammuz (the Sun-god, her son).","why":"The passage reports the ancient Babylonian mythological belief that the sacred world-tree was the dwelling ('holy house') of divine beings, Davkina and Tammuz.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c886236c6f3cc53c859d1d?page=271","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1053,"wd":"1035–1070, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1035,"wt":1070},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia, Vol. I (incl. the Seven Evil Spirits)","a":"R. Campbell Thompson","lg":"English","tr":"mesopotamian","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"In its interior is the Sun-god, and the peerless mother of Tammuz.","why":"The passage quotes and analyzes an ancient Babylonian incantation describing a sacred tree (a 'dark vine') in Eridu as the dwelling place of divine persons ('In its interior is the Sun-god, and the peerless mother of Tam","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1d4f28e63d24731006b77b?page=65","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":-650,"wd":"c. 700–600 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-700,"wt":-600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia, Vol. I (incl. the Seven Evil Spirits)","a":"R. Campbell Thompson","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"This use of branches in magic shows that the early inhabitants of Babylonia were in no wise different from other nations in believing that trees were inhabited by spirits or gods; it is on this principle of giving a sentient or perhaps divine nature to inanimate objects that so many of the amulets can be explained.","why":"The author explicitly reports the belief of the early inhabitants of Babylonia that trees were inhabited by spirits or gods (such as a tree-spirit dwelling in the sacred tamarisk shrub), attributing a sentient or divine ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a1d4f28e63d24731006b77b?page=58","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":-650,"wd":"c. 700–600 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-700,"wt":-600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1528,"ye":null,"t":"Secreta secretorum Aristotelis","a":"Achillini, Alessandro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"But the priest warned us to leave, saying that the sacred trees were offended by our weeping and wailing.","why":"The sacred trees of the sun and moon are depicted as persons capable of speech, issuing oracular responses, and experiencing emotional reactions such as taking offense at human weeping.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9c9b6120d54bd036fe2f?page=169","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":940,"wd":"c. 900–950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":900,"wt":950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume III","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"These oaks under which we now sit are believed to be inhabited by Jinn and other spirits.","why":"The passage quotes a report describing local peasantry believing particular oak trees are inhabited by spirits (Jinn and 'daughters of Jacob') and regarding them as sacred.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb81ec48f9ad103e36f2?page=61","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume III","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"The grove deities are held responsible for the crops, and are especially honored at all the great agricultural festivals.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the ethnographic belief in local grove deities (Desauli) residing in village sacred groves, who govern crops, receive worship at agricultural festivals, and are appealed to in sickness.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb81ec48f9ad103e36f2?page=92","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume III","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The spirit of a certain stream, which flows into Burton Gulf on Lake Tanganyika, is believed by the natives of the neighborhood to be very unfriendly to women with child, whom he prevents from bringing forth.","why":"The text reports ethnographic accounts from Lake Tanganyika where a specific stream is believed to be the domain of a local spirit ('The spirit of a certain stream') conceived as an active personal agent ('whom he preven","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb81ec48f9ad103e36f2?page=500","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1918,"ye":null,"t":"Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law, Volume III","a":"Frazer, James George","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Among the Banyoro of Central Africa, the god of Lake Albert communicated with mortals by the intervention of a prophetess, who wore a fringe of cowry-shells and small iron bells on her leather garment, and as she walked, the fringe undulated like the waves of the lake.","why":"The passage explicitly states that among the Banyoro, 'the god of Lake Albert communicated with mortals by the intervention of a prophetess', presenting a specific natural water body as presided over by a deity tied to t","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98bb81ec48f9ad103e36f2?page=503","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"propitiate the spirits","yw":1918,"wd":"1918","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1918,"wt":1918},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1911,"ye":null,"t":"Buddhist India","a":"T. W. Rhys Davids","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"sky-weather","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"then the souls or spirits supposed to animate and to reside in the moon and the sun (the moon is always mentioned first), in the wind, the cloud, the summer heat; then the gods of light; then a curious list of gods, personifications of various mental qualities; then the spirits in the thunder and the rain; and, lastly, the great gods who dwell in the highest heavens (that is, are the outcome of the highest speculation), like Brahmā himself, and Paramatta, and Sanam Kumāra.","why":"The passage explicitly reports historical beliefs in souls or spirits that animate and reside in natural celestial and meteorological phenomena (the moon, sun, wind, cloud, summer heat, thunder, and rain).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b99d8b1f30176bf4d37058?page=248","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":1885,"wd":"1858–1911, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1858,"wt":1911},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཐི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 41)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Having made the proper offerings and given them instructions, place the joined vessels into a pond or similar location where the serpent spirits dwell, which will incite all the serpent spirits to action.","why":"The ritual passage explicitly treats ponds and springs as the dwellings of serpent spirits (nāgas) who can be summoned, given offerings and ritual instructions, and incited to action.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe98e76a920ffd924d82e0?page=17","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":725,"wd":"c. 650–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":650,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཐི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 41)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Give sacrificial cakes and offerings to the local lords of the earth and similar beings.","why":"The text prescribes a ritual offering of sacrificial cakes to the local lords of the earth (lords of the soil) to request use of the ground, explicitly treating the site as inhabited by local spirits with whom the practi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe98e76a920ffd924d82e0?page=322","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":725,"wd":"c. 650–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":650,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"Irische Texte mit Wörterbuch Vol. I","a":"Ernst Windisch / Whitley Stokes","lg":"Irish/English","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Labraid stays upon a clear lake where companies of women frequent;","why":"The passage directly describes a clear lake and its island as the dwelling place of Labraid, an Otherworld king, and otherworldly women who invite human heroes to visit and interact with them, fulfilling the criteria of ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695583cd5336c55c8910f690?page=239","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1516,"ye":null,"t":"Fasti, Tristia, Epistulae ex Ponto, Ibis, and Consolatio ad Liviam","a":"Leonico Tomeo, Nicolò","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"May it not be a harm to have disturbed the pools; forgive, O nymphs:","why":"The passage depicts a traditional Roman ritual prayer (at the Parilia) in which nymphs are addressed as spirits dwelling in and animating the pools and waters, directly asking their forgiveness for disturbing the dark wa","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0857d949638a50931c5b0f?page=118","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"sacred tree","yw":150,"wd":"150","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":150,"wt":150},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"dam can sde brgyad kyi gsol kha chen mo","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To the Nagas, Earth-Lords, and Earth-Demons who dwell there: I pray to you, I offer to you, I sacrifice to you.","why":"The passage is an insider ritual text making prayers and offerings directly to Nagas, Earth-Lords, and Earth-Demons who dwell in specific natural waters (lakes, springs, flowing rivers, wells, ponds, and streams), establ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788c84a6785cfd60d1e9f?page=11","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1500–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"kun bzang dgongs pa kun 'dus","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Make offerings to the local deities of that rock.","why":"The passage explicitly directs making ritual offerings and prayers to the local deities of a specific rock, requesting favorable conditions and that they not create obstacles, treating spirits tied to a particular natura","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788604a6785cfd60d0bfb?page=57","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"kun bzang dgongs pa kun 'dus","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"Furthermore, by fleeing to the narrow valleys of the mountain deities and the rock spirits of Tibet, you will be liberated.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to the narrow valleys as the domains/dwellings of mountain deities and rock spirits of Tibet where people can seek refuge.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788604a6785cfd60d0bfb?page=55","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1862,"ye":null,"t":"Kathasaritsagara (Ocean of the Streams of Story)","a":"Somadeva; H. Brockhaus (ed.)","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"\"I am the Yaksha named Sarvasthanagavata, and I am pleased with you; 57\n\"choose a boon!\" Thus spoke the Yaksha to the monk.","why":"The passage depicts a Yaksha (a tree and nature spirit) dwelling at a specific tree/hermitage, who is addressed by a monk standing at the foot of the tree seeking refuge, and who converses with the monk and grants him a ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99141b234a773e439d6b?page=434","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1070,"wd":"c. 1063–1081","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1063,"wt":1081},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1879,"ye":null,"t":"Poems of N.A. Nekrasov, Vol. 1","a":"Николай Алексеевич Некрасов","lg":"Russian","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Well! The wood-demon <note>original: \"лѣшій\" — a forest spirit in Slavic folklore.</note> played a fine joke\nOn us!","why":"The passage depicts peasants attributing their wandering astray to the leshy (wood-demon), a Slavic nature spirit dwelling in and embodying the forest, within a narrative poem.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af119dba5af0cdb3f185e9?page=20","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1857,"wd":"1836–1878, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1836,"wt":1878},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1826,"ye":null,"t":"Uttara Rama Cheritra","a":"Bhavabhuti","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"ENTER Vásanti the Dryad of Janasthána with flowers which she presents.","why":"Vásanti is introduced as the Dryad or genius of the Janasthána forest groves, a tutelary spirit tied to a specific natural place who actively interacts and converses with human visitors.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e75a21095c302d3fddec12?page=49","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":751,"wd":"686–815, around the author's floruit","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":686,"wt":815},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"Sources and Investigations into the History of the Witch-Craze","a":"Joseph Hansen","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The word which in earlier times primarily glossed the hairy spirits of the forest or field (see Kögel), assumes two different Germanic forms, one with a 'd' and one with a 't': skrado and skrêt, along with skrët and skrëtto.","why":"The passage reports historical Germanic glosses (skrado, skrêt) referring to 'hairy spirits of the forest or field', documenting an outsider/historical record of spirits tied directly to natural places (forests and field","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69905e1a2fd6a039938a0f5d?page=681","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1889,"wd":"1877–1901, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1901},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of M. Yu. Lermontov","a":"Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов","lg":"Russian","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Yesterday, you see, I took them bread and kvass <note>a fermented, slightly alcoholic beverage made from rye bread</note> in a pitcher... See, mother, I was walking... walking... and the wood demon <term>leshij</term> <gloss>a Slavic forest spirit</gloss> led me astray... and I got tired and lay down to sleep in the bushes, mother...","why":"The passage depicts the leshij (wood demon), a Slavic spirit tied to the forest, actively interacting with a human by leading him astray in the woods.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af10b6d5d111f99e41c26b?page=551","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1835,"wd":"1829–1841, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1829,"wt":1841},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Travels in West Africa","a":"Mary Kingsley","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"That is, there are hundreds of Mbuiri or Ombwiri—one for every notable place or thing, such as a rock, tree, forest thicket, or dangerous spot in a river.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic belief of neighboring tribes that the Mbuiri represent a class of spirits tied to specific places and natural features, having one spirit for every notable rock, tree, forest thicket,","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c5f5f855ec553e74b98?page=263","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1887,"wd":"1877–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Travels in West Africa","a":"Mary Kingsley","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The \"human alligator\" mentioned is our old friend the \"witch crocodile\"—the spirit of a man residing within a crocodile.","why":"The author reports the local belief that a crocodile serves as the dwelling of a human spirit (the 'witch crocodile', containing the spirit of a deceased Duke Town chief), presenting an animal as the residence of a human","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c5f5f855ec553e74b98?page=584","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"fetish","yw":1887,"wd":"1877–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of M. Y. Lermontov, Vol. 2","a":"Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов","lg":"Russian","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"... and a forest spirit <term>leshij</term> <gloss>a wood-demon or forest-guardian spirit in Slavic mythology</gloss> led me astray...","why":"The passage refers to the leshij (forest spirit), a being tied to the woods who interacts with humans by leading them astray, presented here within literary fiction through a peasant character's excuse.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af10cc06b10527be56603f?page=180","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1835,"wd":"1829–1841, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1829,"wt":1841},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1817,"ye":null,"t":"Travel in the Bernese Oberland","a":"Wyss, Johann Rudolf","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Wachter in his Glossary (p. 1989) explains the word dwarf in this meaning as a forest spirit that inhabits mountains and rocks and gives answer to those who call, etc.","why":"The passage explicitly cites Wachter's definition of the dwarf as a forest spirit that inhabits mountains and rocks and answers those who call to it, describing natural features as the dwellings of spirits with whom huma","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e0aefd8df28f2daf544?page=23","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1807,"wd":"1797–1817, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1797,"wt":1817},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1876,"ye":null,"t":"From the Inner and Outer Life of the Estonians (folk belief, magic, custom)","a":"Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Hallijad, haldjad, halgjad, spirits that live in bodies of water (wee-h., hallika-alused, jõe-alused, jõe-kullid), or in the forest (mets-h.), in the house (maja-h.), in the courtyard (õue-h.).","why":"The passage explicitly describes spirits (hallijad/haldjad) that dwell in bodies of water (springs, rivers, lakes) and forests, detailing specific human relations and practices (such as placing wooden dolls on banks or w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a20a119448aec276304d627?page=435","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1876,"wd":"1876","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1876},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1876,"ye":null,"t":"From the Inner and Outer Life of the Estonians (folk belief, magic, custom)","a":"Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The metsa-tont <gloss>evil forest spirit</gloss>, which appears sometimes in human form and sometimes in various animal forms, is likely the same as the mets-hallijas <gloss>forest phantom</gloss> (see hallijad above).","why":"The text reports Estonian folk belief regarding the metsa-tont (evil forest spirit) or mets-hallijas (forest phantom), a spirit tied to the forest that appears in human or animal form.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a20a119448aec276304d627?page=458","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1876,"wd":"1876","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1876},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1876,"ye":null,"t":"From the Inner and Outer Life of the Estonians (folk belief, magic, custom)","a":"Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"spring-well","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Wee-ema <gloss>the water-mother</gloss> receives offerings at weddings; the bride and groom throw money into the well, which is called <term>kaewu-anne</term> <gloss>well-offering</gloss>.","why":"The passage documents an Estonian folk ritual where Wee-ema ('water-mother') receives offerings by throwing money into a well ('well-offering'), presenting a spirit tied to a body of water with whom people maintain a rec","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a20a119448aec276304d627?page=461","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1876,"wd":"1876","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1876},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1925,"ye":null,"t":"The Panchatantra","a":"Arthur W. Ryder (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Now there was a <term>fairy</term> <gloss>original: vyantara, a type of forest spirit or celestial being</gloss> in the tree who said: \"My friend, this tree is my home.\"","why":"The passage explicitly presents a particular tree as the home/dwelling of a spirit (vyantara / fairy) with whom the weaver directly converses and negotiates.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a087ef1b2a99026ccf706c0?page=462","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":300,"wd":"c. 200–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":200,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1891,"ye":null,"t":"The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees","a":"James Mooney","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"It is only a mountain sprite <note>original: De'tsata'; a legendary Cherokee forest spirit</note> that has frightened him.","why":"The passage documents a Cherokee healing formula addressing a mountain sprite (De'tsata'), a spirit tied to the mountain and banished to dwell at the bluff, with whom humans interact in ritual; James Mooney reports this ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a55355bab4924e15759949?page=69","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1884,"wd":"1876–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1876,"wt":1891},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1855,"ye":null,"t":"Polynesian Mythology","a":"Sir George Grey","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Rata is a hero who must appease the spirits of the forest after cutting down a tree to build a canoe without the proper rituals.","why":"The text explicitly describes spirits of the forest who must be appeased after cutting down a tree, depicting the forest/trees as inhabited by nature spirits with whom humans stand in a ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249e0a2d53df4853c0c82?page=21","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1841,"wd":"1827–1855, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1827,"wt":1855},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1855,"ye":null,"t":"Polynesian Mythology","a":"Sir George Grey","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"As soon as he was gone, back came the innumerable multitudes of insects, birds, and spirits, who are called the offspring of Hakuturi <term>Hakuturi: Guardian spirits of the forest, often appearing as birds or insects, who ensure that the protocols of the forest are respected.</term>, and they raised up the tree upon its stump once more, and with a confused noise of various voices, they sang incantations <note>In Māori tradition, these are \"karakia\"—ritual chants used to invoke spiritual power or restore the balance of nature.</note> as they worked, and when they had ended these, the tree again stood sound as ever in its former place in the forest.","why":"The passage describes forest guardian spirits (the Hakuturi / children of Tāne, appearing as spirits, birds, and insects) who protect the forest and its trees by restoring the felled tree, and with whom Rata directly int","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249e0a2d53df4853c0c82?page=139","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1841,"wd":"1827–1855, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1827,"wt":1855},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1891,"ye":null,"t":"The Melanesians","a":"Robert Henry Codrington","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Called \"gods of the sea, the land, the mountains, and the valleys,\" these represent the vui <gloss>spirits that were never human</gloss> of Lepers’ Island <note>modern-day Ambae</note> and Araga <note>modern-day Pentecost Island</note>.","why":"The text reports an indigenous belief from Lepers' Island and Araga in non-human spirits (vui) tied to natural places ('gods of the sea, the land, the mountains, and the valleys') who receive worship and interact with hu","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552fa0aade5c1d01fe786?page=152","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1868,"wd":"1845–1891, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1845,"wt":1891},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Sa","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"The goddess of the city blocked him, saying: Sinful Brahmin, do not enter, go back!","why":"The passage explicitly describes the tutelary 'goddess of the city' (and 'at the city gate') as an active, localized personal being who directly confronts, speaks to, and physically obstructs Raudraksha at the city gate.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abc05f1a22ab19a9d6b0?page=46","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":400,"wd":"c. 100–700, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Maori Tales and Legends","a":"Kate McCosh Clark","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"In the Tongan Islands, the natives believe that particular trees are inhabited by spirits, and they present offerings at the foot of those trees.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic belief of Tongan natives that particular trees are inhabited by spirits to whom people present offerings, directly fulfilling the criteria of a natural thing treated as the dwelling o","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e00990846d79f28d566bf9?page=200","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1879,"wd":"1862–1896, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1862,"wt":1896},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཟི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 53)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Early the next morning, the master, fully equipped with all necessary offerings and maintaining the yoga of the Great Vairochana <note>The principal Buddha of the Mirror-like Wisdom</note>, should perfectly worship the King of Trees which takes the form of the local tree goddess residing there.","why":"The ritual text explicitly directs the practitioner to make offerings and worship the tree as embodying the local tree goddess residing there.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe9e9a6a920ffd924d9ab6?page=524","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1896,"ye":null,"t":"Maori Tales and Legends","a":"Kate McCosh Clark","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Now, the trees are the children of Tané, the great god of light and of the forests, and before a tree is cut down, incantations ought to be said and offerings made to him.","why":"The passage explicitly states that trees are the children of Tane, the god of forests, and describes required ritual incantations and offerings made to him before cutting down a tree, presenting the trees and forest as p","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e00990846d79f28d566bf9?page=123","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1879,"wd":"1862–1896, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1862,"wt":1896},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"Linga Purana","a":"Vyasa (comm. Ganesh Natu)","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Looking at the lotus-like face of the Mountain’s Daughter (Parvati), he was fanned by the river-goddess Ganges, amidst a great rain of fragrant nectar.","why":"The passage directly depicts the river Ganges as a personal being ('the river-goddess Ganges') who actively fans Shiva, presented within the text's own sacred mythological tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992d66846b85e738a0c3d55?page=292","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"lord of the animals","yw":700,"wd":"c. 500–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":500,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1563,"ye":null,"t":"Codex Telleriano-Remensis","a":"Unknown Aztec scribes","lg":"Nahuatl","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"This Tepeyollotl is the same as the sound of the echo when it rumbles in a valley from one hill to another.","why":"The passage describes the deity Tepeyollotl as a lord belonging to the earth, whose presence/manifestation is identified directly with the physical echo reverberating between hills in a valley, and notes the rites, fasti","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dfded48e5ccd1c891f0ce5?page=44","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"lord of the animals","yw":1563,"wd":"c. 1562–1563","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1562,"wt":1563},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1804,"ye":null,"t":"Celtic researches, on the origin, traditions & language of the ancient Britons","a":"Davies, Edward","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"One of these islands, from the earliest periods, was regarded as the abode of the Pitris, who were fathers of the human race.","why":"The passage reports Hindu traditions regarding sacred western islands as the physical abode/dwelling of ancestral spirits (the Pitris), where pilgrims traveled to see them and offerings were made.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6977ace4235fbd25a5194779?page=308","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the spirits","yw":1788,"wd":"1771–1804, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1771,"wt":1804},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1660,"ye":null,"t":"The idea of the law charactered from Moses to King Charles","a":"Heydon, John","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Atlas, whose huge height props up the heavens,\nOn whose pine-bearing head black clouds stop.","why":"The poetic passage depicts Mount Atlas directly as a person/giant with a pine-bearing head, shoulders, an aged chin, and an icy beard supporting the heavens, following classical mythological and poetic convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c754576a0f3d112faf8690","fm":true,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian spirit","yw":1652,"wd":"1644–1660, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1644,"wt":1660},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians","a":"Franz Boas","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Suddenly the bird turned and called, \"What do you want from me?\"","why":"The passage records an indigenous myth/tradition (ethnographic outsider report by Boas) in which the bird Mā'tem acts and speaks as a person ('What do you want from me?'), possesses a house on a mountain ('Do you see tha","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259843d2d40d1b0590fe6?page=157","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1885,"wd":"1873–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians","a":"Franz Boas","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"G·ē'xdEn fell in with a number of killer whales, which had assumed the shape of men and were mending their canoes.","why":"The passage reports an Indigenous legend in which killer whales are treated as persons who take the shape of men, mend canoes, have a chief, and enter into a social relationship with an ancestor, giving him gifts and nam","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259843d2d40d1b0590fe6?page=40","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"manitou","yw":1885,"wd":"1873–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians","a":"Franz Boas","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"sky-weather","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Now the man turned his head and spoke: \"Thank you, friend, for coming so that I could see you. I am the one who thunders from one end of the world to the other.\"","why":"The passage records an Indigenous Kwakiutl tradition in which thunder/weather is embodied as an avian-faced person ('the one who thunders from one end of the world to the other') with whom a human chief converses and est","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259843d2d40d1b0590fe6?page=159","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1885,"wd":"1873–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"Zend-Avesta","a":"Zoroaster / James Darmesteter","lg":"English","tr":"zoroastrian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"'We worship the mountain that gives under- standing, that preserves understanding; [we worship","why":"The text invokes and worships a particular mountain as an active, conscious being that grants and preserves understanding, establishing a direct cultic relation of worship between the practitioner and the mountain itself","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953c90277f38f6761bddcc9?page=337","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian spirit","yw":-600,"wd":"c. 1000–400 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-1000,"wt":-400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"The Native Tribes of Central Australia","a":"Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"Each one still inhabits the same spot in spirit form where, in the Alcheringa, he went down into the earth, but he never undergoes reincarnation.","why":"The passage is an ethnographic account reporting the belief that ancestral spirit beings permanently inhabit the specific spot in the earth where they entered the ground during the Alcheringa.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553040aade5c1d01fe95d?page=357","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1899,"wd":"1899","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1899,"wt":1899},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"The Native Tribes of Central Australia","a":"Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The <term>Achilpa</term> remained for a long time at a spot close to Imanda, where they left some men behind, thereby establishing an important <term>Oknanikilla</term> <note>a local totem center where ancestor spirits remain in the landscape</note>.","why":"The passage, reporting Arrernte traditions from an ethnographic outsider perspective, describes mythical Achilpa ancestors leaving men behind at a specific spot near Imanda to establish an Oknanikilla, a local totem cent","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553040aade5c1d01fe95d?page=437","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1899,"wd":"1899","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1899,"wt":1899},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"The Native Tribes of Central Australia","a":"Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen","lg":"English","tr":"australian-aboriginal","c":"mountain-rock","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The descendant of Abmoara is living today, and one of the two stones is her Nanja an ancestral spirit-site or object, such as a rock or tree, associated with an individual's birth.","why":"The passage ethnographically reports that after ancestral beings entered the earth at Ooraminna rock-hole, two large stones arose to mark the spot, with one of the stones serving as the living descendant's Nanja (an ance","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553040aade5c1d01fe95d?page=471","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1899,"wd":"1899","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1899,"wt":1899},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"The Native Tribes of Central Australia","a":"Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"Oknanikilla—A local totem center; a specific area believed to be inhabited by the spirits of ancestors.","why":"The glossary entry explicitly defines an Oknanikilla as a specific local area believed to be inhabited by the spirits of ancestors.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a553040aade5c1d01fe95d?page=697","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1899,"wd":"1899","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1899,"wt":1899},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1851,"ye":null,"t":"Historical and Statistical Information Respecting the Indian Tribes, Vol. 1","a":"Henry Rowe Schoolcraft","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"He entrusts the growth of these to Misukumigakwa, or the Mother of the Earth, to whom he makes offerings.","why":"The text explicitly describes Misukumigakwa as the 'Mother of the Earth' who receives offerings, presenting the earth as a personal spirit with whom ritual relations are maintained. The narrative uses first-person plural","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907ce85f855ec553e77caf?page=431","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"manitou","yw":1830,"wd":"1808–1851, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1808,"wt":1851},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"The Life of a South African Tribe, Vol. 1: The Social Life","a":"Henri A. Junod","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"it is not a law enforced by the chiefs; the totem itself punishes them if they transgress it.","why":"The ethnographer reports that clans believe their animal totem actively punishes them if they violate the taboo against killing it, presenting the animal as an agent/person capable of punitive action and standing in a di","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907cac5f855ec553e76c3f?page=348","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1895,"wd":"1878–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"Pausanias: Description of Greece, Vol. 5 (Commentary)","a":"Pausanias (ed. James George Frazer)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"field-crop","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"It is perhaps more probable that the worship of the mouse, or rather of a few selected mice, especially white mice, was intended to propitiate the mice in general and induce them not to ravage the cornfields.","why":"The passage reports the scholarly/historical view that ancient peoples worshipped selected mice to propitiate mice in general and induce them not to ravage the cornfields, treating animals (mice) as beings with agency/pe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69924f5d5976b55115ffe2fd?page=308","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":153,"wd":"125–180, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":125,"wt":180},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1916,"ye":null,"t":"Tsimshian Mythology","a":"Franz Boas","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"“My dear chief Spring Salmon, named Quartz Nose, named Two Gills On Back, named Lightning Following One Another, named Three Jumps!”","why":"The passage from Tsimshian mythology presents the Spring Salmon as a person/chief ('My dear chief Spring Salmon' with personal names, carrying ritual status, having taken the prince to the 'village of the Salmon'), treat","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259813d2d40d1b05907e6?page=207","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offend the spirits","yw":1895,"wd":"1873–1916, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1916},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1929,"ye":null,"t":"Ashanti","a":"Robert Sutherland Rattray","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"I must keep the path clear to the sacred grove <note>original: asonyeso</note> every Monday, for the spirits <note>original: ghosts</note> do not like to step even upon a leaf.","why":"The passage provides an ethnographic account quoting the Queen Mother of Santemanso, who describes maintaining the path to a sacred grove for the spirits/ancestors who dwell there and are fed in regular ritual practice.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552ed9760c5efd612058b?page=176","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1913,"wd":"1896–1929, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1896,"wt":1929},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"Zuni Breadstuff","a":"Frank Hamilton Cushing","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"In time, the first became a great being—our Mother, the Earth; and the second became another great being—our Father, the Sky.","why":"The passage documents Zuni cosmological myth presenting the Earth ('our Mother, the Earth') and the Sky ('our Father, the Sky') as great living persons with flesh and wombs, reported by Cushing as an ethnographic observe","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992597c3d2d40d1b058fa83?page=27","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"our mother the earth","yw":1886,"wd":"1872–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1872,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1909,"ye":null,"t":"Tlingit Myths and Texts","a":"John R. Swanton","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"After they killed these animals, they would cut off the heads, set them up on poles, and sing to them","why":"The passage records an ethnographic narrative of the Tlingit treating hunted animals (bears, marmots, porcupines, mountain sheep) as beings/persons with whom people stand in a relation, specifically by mounting their sev","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992598e3d2d40d1b0591644?page=83","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"appease the spirits","yw":1899,"wd":"1888–1909, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1888,"wt":1909},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། གསོ་རིག གོ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 202)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Regarding this, for the spirits of the <term>mtshun lha</term> <gloss>ancestral deities</gloss> and the <term>klu</term> <gloss>nagas or serpent beings</gloss>, the offering should be given on th","why":"The passage prescribes medical-ritual offerings for specific classes of spirits, instructing that offerings for ancestral deities and nāga spirits be deposited at the riverbank, thereby treating nagas and ancestral spiri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abede62896ea18127c91a4e?page=227","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":750,"wd":"c. 700–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1510,"ye":null,"t":"Ganapati's Treatise on Auspicious Moments","a":"Ganapati","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"For the Water Goddess, an offering should be cast into the water; for the Sky Goddess, an offering should be made in an open space.","why":"The passage prescribes a ritual rite to pacify afflictions by making offerings directly to deities tied to natural domains: casting an offering into the water for the Water Goddess and making an offering in an open space","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906469ef12272ffdc9204a?page=61","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":1600,"wd":"c. 1600","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1550,"wt":1650},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷三十六之二 (vol 458)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"I am the woman of Mount Wu.","why":"The passage quotes the Rhapsody on Gaotang (Gaotang Fu), in which a spirit tied to Mount Wu ('the woman of Mount Wu') appears to the king and enters into a personal relation with him, cited here within classical literary","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c641a39b4508b04e244c3?page=104","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1840,"ye":null,"t":"The Bhagavata Purana, Vol. 1","a":"Eugène Burnouf","lg":"French","tr":"hindu","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Indra said: After having shared between the women, the earth, the water, and the trees, who consented to accept it, the crime that I committed in killing Viçvarûpa, where shall I go to purify myself from the murder of Vrĭtra?","why":"The text explicitly describes the earth, water, and trees as having 'consented to accept' a portion of Indra's guilt, treating these natural elements as personal agents capable of consent and entering into a relational p","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69925822ad311253224cd753?page=375","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestral spirits","yw":900,"wd":"c. 800–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":800,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Legends of Gods and Ghosts (Hawaiian Mythology)","a":"W.D. Westervelt","lg":"English","tr":"pacific","c":"sky-weather","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Even in the night, Kamakau felt that the innumerable stars were the eyes of the aumakuas (the spirits of the ancestors).","why":"The passage reports the belief of Kamakau that the stars are the eyes of the aumakuas (ancestral spirits), presenting a feature of the night sky as the bodily manifestation/dwelling of spirits with whom people interact.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e00947846d79f28d566692?page=102","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1915,"wd":"1915","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1915,"wt":1915},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"Fetichism in West Africa: Forty Years' Observation of Native Customs and Superstitions","a":"Robert Hamill Nassau","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Superstition suggested that the spirits of the rock did not wish boats or canoes to pass their home.","why":"The text reports the local belief that spirits dwell in a specific natural feature (the rock Talaguga in the Ogowe River) and act as persons who do not want canoes to pass their home, with canoe crews performing spontane","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079cc7012ba97b5f1d6b1?page=92","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1877,"wd":"1850–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1850,"wt":1904},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"Fetichism in West Africa: Forty Years' Observation of Native Customs and Superstitions","a":"Robert Hamill Nassau","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Literal \"stocks and stones\" were thought to be inhabited by spirits of varying power and temperament, and fetishism established itself as a form of religion.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that literal 'stocks and stones' (wood and rocks/trees) were believed to be inhabited by spirits with varying powers and temperaments, forming the basis of fetishism as observed and reporte","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079cc7012ba97b5f1d6b1?page=80","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1877,"wd":"1850–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1850,"wt":1904},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"Fetichism in West Africa: Forty Years' Observation of Native Customs and Superstitions","a":"Robert Hamill Nassau","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Monkeys that gather in the trees near a graveyard are believed to be possessed by the spirits of those buried there.","why":"The text reports an ethnographer's account of local West African beliefs that monkeys gathering near a graveyard are possessed by the spirits of deceased ancestors buried there, treating the animals as temporary dwelling","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079cc7012ba97b5f1d6b1?page=123","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1877,"wd":"1850–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1850,"wt":1904},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"Fetichism in West Africa: Forty Years' Observation of Native Customs and Superstitions","a":"Robert Hamill Nassau","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"There, he blows the chewed seeds in the same way, saying the same thing: “Pha-a-a! You tree! Let not the bullets hit me!”","why":"The passage describes a ritual in which a medicine man directly addresses a specific tree ('You tree! Let not the bullets hit me!') as an entity that can hear and offer protection from harm, treating the tree as a person","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079cc7012ba97b5f1d6b1?page=214","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"fetish","yw":1877,"wd":"1850–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1850,"wt":1904},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Satapatha Brahmana, Part 4 (SBE Vol. 43)","a":"Julius Eggeling (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"But let him not do so, for that southern region belongs to the Fathers <note>The spirits of the ancestors.</note>, and he who is anointed in that way quickly goes to that region.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the southern region/cardinal direction as the realm or dwelling belonging to the Fathers (ancestral spirits), warning that anointing a sacrificer on that side causes him to quickly go to","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246c5bc722ec0ee813622?page=258","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":-700,"wd":"c. 900-500 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-900,"wt":-500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Life of a South African Tribe, Vol. 2: The Psychic Life","a":"Henri A. Junod","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The sea must be feared; it is jealous.","why":"The ethnographic text reports the belief of Thonga informants (Spoon and Makhani) that the sea is jealous and acts as a sentient entity responsive to human speech and behavior during rescues.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a2cdb8b55d19ec6922b?page=311","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1895,"wd":"1878–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Life of a South African Tribe, Vol. 2: The Psychic Life","a":"Henri A. Junod","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"However, it is not sacred in its own right, as if it were inhabited by a nature spirit.","why":"The author (an ethnographic observer) explicitly denies that the tree is sacred in its own right or inhabited by a nature spirit, explaining away any apparent plant worship as ancestor veneration and practical utility.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a2cdb8b55d19ec6922b?page=318","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1895,"wd":"1878–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Life of a South African Tribe, Vol. 2: The Psychic Life","a":"Henri A. Junod","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"Among the Thonga, there is a similar custom: when young shepherds meet a mantis, they tear out a little hair from the animal skins of their belts and offer it to the insect, saying: “Take this, Grandfather!”","why":"The author provides an ethnographic account of Thonga shepherds addressing the praying mantis as a person ('Grandfather!') and offering it hair, noting the belief that the insect represented or was visited by ancestor go","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a2cdb8b55d19ec6922b?page=320","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1895,"wd":"1878–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Life of a South African Tribe, Vol. 2: The Psychic Life","a":"Henri A. Junod","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"ancestor","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"Nevertheless, infants are seen in the sacred woods among the adult gods.","why":"The passage reports the ethnographic belief that deceased infants and adult ancestor-gods dwell and are seen in the sacred woods (groves).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907a2cdb8b55d19ec6922b?page=356","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":1895,"wd":"1878–1912, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1878,"wt":1912},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1569,"ye":null,"t":"Selected and Obscure Dogmas of the Kabbalists","a":"Borgonovo, Arcangelo da","lg":"Latin","tr":"christian","c":"town-region","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"because (as the wise know), different spirits dwell in different places—some of whom favor certain people, while others do the opposite.","why":"The passage explicitly affirms that 'different spirits dwell in different places—some of whom favor certain people, while others do the opposite,' treating places as inhabited by distinct dwelling spirits that relate pos","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69778edbb450898084dfd92b?page=483","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1569,"wd":"c. 1569","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1565,"wt":1569},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1928,"ye":null,"t":"The Works of Hsüntze (Xunzi)","a":"Homer H. Dubs (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"He has attracted and pacified all spirits,\nEven the spirits of the River and the loftiest mountain.","why":"The passage quotes the Book of Odes affirming that the Sage has attracted and pacified spirits, specifically naming 'the spirits of the River and the loftiest mountain', which Xunzi cites approvingly to support his argum","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992596e3d2d40d1b058e993?page=238","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"ancestor spirits","yw":-240,"wd":"c. 300-215 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-300,"wt":-215},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phe lam ye shes dpa'I lo rgyus dang mngon rtogs","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"If you place this inside the horn of an ox or a clay frog and take it to a place where malevolent spirits dwell, all the <term>Lu</term> and <term>Sa-dak</term> will see it as their food portion.","why":"The ritual text instructs the practitioner to deposit the ritual object at a place where malevolent spirits dwell, identifying the Lu (nāgas) and Sa-dak (lords of the soil) as local spirits residing there who interact wi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78322d93c1f60075060c1?page=38","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1611,"ye":null,"t":"Triumph Wagen Antimonii fratris Basilii Valentini ... allen so den Grund suchen der uhralten Medicin, auch zu ","a":"Thölde, Johann","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"As there are fire-spirits, lights, and other shining, formal representations and manifestations that dwell in the air, and also exist therein as air-spirits, water-spirits dwell in the waters, and in the earth also peculiar earth-spirits, which are the \"little earth-men\" <note>gnomes or elemental spirits of the mines</note>, as they are called, who show themselves and manifest particularly in rich ores and the diggings of mines.","why":"The text explicitly affirms that distinct, conscious spirits endowed with understanding and knowledge of arts dwell in natural elements and places, specifically earth-spirits ('little earth-men' or mine spirits) that inh","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9dee6120d54bd037a1ae?page=66","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1596,"wd":"1580–1611, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1580,"wt":1611},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Sri bsrungs chen mo","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"From the host of gods of the Great Vehicle's Lake Manasarovar, where the rivers flow boundlessly; to the father and son of Lake Manasarovar and their retinue; I prostrate, attend, and present offerings.","why":"The text explicitly presents Lake Manasarovar as the dwelling of specific spirits ('host of gods of the Great Vehicle's Lake Manasarovar' and 'father and son of Lake Manasarovar and their retinue') who receive prostratio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e77a220fc6fc955e35deff?page=163","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1483,"wd":"1483 (water-female-rabbit year; cycle not stated: the one in the author's life (bdr:P1693))","wb":"colophon","wc":"high","wf":1483,"wt":1483},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷七之四 (vol 320)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Trees are split where the mountain wood-spirits dwell; the sand contains the water-crossbow pivot.","why":"The line from Bai Juyi's poem explicitly presents trees as the dwelling place of mountain wood-spirits ('where the mountain wood-spirits dwell').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c638e93327f06e8351346?page=114","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1540,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Kanjur rGyud 'bum Wa","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To whichever spirits dwell on top of Mount Meru, or in the Joyful Grove, or in the abodes of the gods; to those who dwell on the eastern and western mountains, or in the houses of the sun and moon; to those who dwell on all the mountains; to those who dwell in all the rivers and river mouths; to those who dwell especially in places of jewels; to those who dwell in lakes, ponds, pools, or on riverbanks; to those who dwell in cool mountain streams; to those in villages, cattle pens, or empty cities; to those in empty hou","why":"The ritual passage explicitly addresses spirits dwelling in specific natural features—including mountains, rivers, river mouths, lakes, ponds, pools, and mountain streams—as beings with families and retinues with whom th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7aad95f1a22ab19a8e519?page=191","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":550,"wd":"c. 300–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":300,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"phyag rdor gtum po'i skor sgrub thabs sna tshogs","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"demon-harmful","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"In such a place as a black cliff where Dud-Tsen spirits dwell, or at the shore of a lake, or near a lone tree, or at the top of a three-story castle, one should perform the practice.","why":"The ritual text specifies performing the practice at natural features such as 'a black cliff where Dud-Tsen spirits dwell', explicitly identifying the cliff as the dwelling place of spirits with whom ritual relations are","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788234a6785cfd60cf5a5?page=128","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa dGongs 'dus Nya","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"At the bedside of the sick person, a <term>Klu-sman</term> <gloss>serpent-medicine goddess</gloss> is causing harm.","why":"The passage identifies a Klu-sman (nāga/serpent-medicine goddess) as the source of affliction after a person fell asleep by the shore of a lake or spring, and prescribes specific rites (a thread-cross ritual and serpent-","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac795f1a22ab19aa822a?page=160","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1370,"wd":"c. 1350–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1350,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། མི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 47)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"When signs appear—such as the statue smiling, flowers blossoming or glowing, the incense becoming exceptionally fragrant, or the ritual substances boiling, becoming warm, or emitting smoke—then with a steady mind and without any doubt, present the offerings to the local deity of the site.","why":"The text instructs the practitioner to present offerings to the 'local deity of the site', explicitly acknowledging a spirit tied to the ritual location with whom people establish a ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe9bd76a920ffd924d8fdc?page=310","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1050,"wd":"c. 1000–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1000,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1713,"ye":null,"t":"Divine Dialogues","a":"Henry More","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"They write that there are metallic demons that haunt the very inside of the mountains and are seen to work there when men dig in the mines.","why":"The passage reports from historians (Olaus Magnus) that metallic demons inhabit and haunt the interior of mountains, appearing to work alongside miners.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69535b2277f38f6761bcdb4f?page=146","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1658,"wd":"1629–1687, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1629,"wt":1687},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"Prosa und Poesie der Suaheli (Swahili prose and poetry)","a":"Carl Velten","lg":"Swahili","tr":"african","c":"town-region","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"There is a land where only majini live, its name is called Sange, that land.","why":"The folktale describes a specific land named Sange inhabited exclusively by majini (spirits), with whom humans interact through a specific vocal formula/song (mentioning 'Sange' to make them dance and avoid being eaten w","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e011d04e6773d06085550f?page=155","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1892,"wd":"1877–1907, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1877,"wt":1907},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཁ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 3)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Regarding the term lone tree: because a tree where the shadow of another tree does not fall will certainly be a place where <term>yakshas</term> <gloss>nature spirits or local deities</gloss> reside.","why":"The passage explicitly states that a lone tree is a place where yakshas (nature spirits or local deities) reside, presenting a natural thing (a tree) as the dwelling of place-tied spirits with whom a meditating yogi must","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe8366433559215a997cad?page=231","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1075,"wd":"c. 1000–1150, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1000,"wt":1150},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། གསོ་རིག ཀོ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 200)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"Similarly, a doubtful tree is one that may contain poison or is inhabited by spirits and the like.","why":"The passage explicitly treats trees as potential dwellings of spirits ('a doubtful tree is one that may contain poison or is inhabited by spirits and the like'), which should be avoided/carefully treated in everyday cond","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abedd7f896ea18127c91551?page=57","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":750,"wd":"c. 700–800, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1764,"ye":null,"t":"The History of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands","a":"Stepan Krasheninnikov; James Grieve (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"They imagine these are inhabited by spirits <note>original: \"devils\"</note> whom they fear and respect more than their gods.","why":"The passage explicitly reports an ethnographical observation ('outsider' voice) that the native Kamchatkans regard natural places—specifically active volcanoes, hot springs, and certain woods—as inhabited by spirits whom","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee93cff2c6312502f6a7ae?page=223","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1755,"wd":"1755","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1755,"wt":1755},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1883,"ye":null,"t":"Religious Thought and Life in India","a":"Monier Monier-Williams","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"demon-harmful","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The explanation given by the local peasants is that a traveler was once found dead near the reservoir, and his spirit has become a malicious demon that lives in the tree and requires offerings to be appeased.","why":"The passage explicitly reports the belief and practice of local peasants who treat a solitary Mimosa tree as the dwelling of a deceased traveler's spirit turned demon, appeasing it with offerings and tying rags to its br","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699258888812793469fdbb82?page=350","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1859,"wd":"1834–1883, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1834,"wt":1883},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"earth-land","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"And if we have learned the secret of man's thought in the childhood of his race, we may still realize with the savage the personal being of the ancestral Heaven and Earth.","why":"Tylor provides an ethnographic account of Polynesian, Chinese, and Native American myths that treat Heaven and Earth as personal beings (father and mother of all things).","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906a49d69de0e6980704da?page=310","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1859,"wd":"1847–1871, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1871},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1810,"ye":null,"t":"Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg: His Short Biography and Aesthetic Representation of His Works","a":"Arnold, Ignaz Ferdinand","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"Prospero, the rightful Duke of Maitland, was pushed from the throne by a treacherous and power-hungry brother and was abandoned by the boatswain Ruperto on an island known only to him, which was inhabited by spirits over whom the sorceress Sycorax held supremacy.","why":"The passage states outright that the island was inhabited by spirits over whom the sorceress Sycorax held supremacy, presenting the place as the dwelling of local spirits within the context of a dramatic literary work.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b51e05cf111105c4295148?page=50","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1800,"wd":"1789–1810, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1789,"wt":1810},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"The Sun Treatise","a":"Anonymous","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"The North Pole of the Earth is described as the dwelling place of the gods, and the South Pole as the dwelling place of the demons.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the North Pole of the Earth (Mount Sumeru) as the dwelling place of the gods (Deva-loka) and the South Pole as the dwelling place of the demons (Asura-loka), affirming this geographical h","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906a891cf6ed5fbc8f5df0?page=32","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":400,"wd":"c. 350–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":350,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1521,"ye":null,"t":"Scholia palaia te, kai panu ophelima eis ten tou Omerou Iliada, kai eis ten Odyssea. Interpretationes et antiq","a":"Didymus : Chalcenterus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"OLYMPIAN. The one who dwells on Olympus. <margin>Olympus</margin> Olympus is a mountain of Macedonia, the sacred dwelling place of the gods, or allegorically, the heaven.","why":"The scholion explicitly identifies Mount Olympus in Macedonia as the sacred dwelling place of the gods, defining 'Olympian' as the one who dwells on Olympus.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08561515c643eb1af57ce0?page=65","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":200,"wd":"c. 200 BCE–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-200,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1907,"ye":null,"t":"Navaho Myths, Prayers and Songs","a":"Washington Matthews","lg":"Navajo","tr":"native-american","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"Male Deity!","why":"The passage from an ethnographic work documents a Navajo prayer addressing 'Male Deity' in his dwelling ('the house of the red rock canyon', as well as houses made of dawn, clouds, and rain), establishing a reciprocal ri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a9a2d53df4853be52d?page=38","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":1907,"wd":"texts recorded 1880s-1900s; published 1907","wb":"title_page","wc":"medium","wf":1883,"wt":1907},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1889,"ye":null,"t":"Walter Budge, The History of Alexander the Great: Being the Syriac Version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes ","a":"Ernest A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Candaules said to me, \"Antigonus, this place is the temple and dwelling place of the gods, and they often appear in these spots.\"","why":"Candaules explicitly identifies the beryl mountain as the temple and dwelling place of gods who appear there and can be engaged in relation through sacrifice, reported by Alexander as an external travel account within th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3f025d97e91e1768f67165?page=118","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"dwelling place of the gods","yw":500,"wd":"c. 200–600","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1741,"ye":null,"t":"Herbarium Amboinense Vol. 3","a":"Georg Eberhard Rumphius","lg":"Dutch","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"demon-harmful","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Such a Cadju Bodi was once located in Macassar, which, as it seemed, was also inhabited by a Demon, for according to the account of the inhabitants, all who injured it with some tool out of a malicious spirit fell into a dangerous illness or met with an unexpected death, as happened to a Dutch assistant who dared to attack and provoke that demon, not out of true faith, but out of a certain recklessness.","why":"The passage reports the local inhabitants' account that a specific Cadju Bodi tree in Macassar was inhabited by a spirit/demon tied to the tree that caused dangerous illness or death to anyone who injured or provoked it.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a98d2dce1d9448061e3735a?page=235","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1672,"wd":"1642–1702, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1642,"wt":1702},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Vedic Hymns Part Two","a":"Hermann Oldenberg (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"O lord of the forest, rise with a hundred branches; may we rise with a thousand branches <note>offspring</note>, thou whom this sharpened axe has led forward to great prosperity.","why":"The passage addresses the tree/sacrificial post directly as 'lord of the forest' (vanaspati), treating the tree as a sentient being capable of hearing invocations, receiving offerings, protecting worshippers, and enterin","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee89234501bec896546c0a?page=269","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"abode of the gods","yw":-1000,"wd":"c. 1200–900 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-1200,"wt":-900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1899,"ye":null,"t":"Gita Govinda","a":"Jayadeva","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"O daughter of the sage Jahnu <note>a title for the Ganga, known as Jahnavi</note>, you are the essence of the world.","why":"The passage addresses the river Ganga directly as a divine person and daughter of the sage Jahnu, with whom the devotee stands in a reciprocal religious and personal relationship through prayer, contemplation, and worshi","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e3ff61b142e5dd9d6b0095?page=201","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"abode of the gods","yw":1215,"wd":"1185–1245, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1185,"wt":1245},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1901,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Works, Vol. 6","a":"Vladimir Solovyov","lg":"Russian","tr":"mongol-siberian","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"In doing so, the patient had to either immediately offer the required sacrifice to the souls of the deceased or to the seidas <gloss>sacred stones</gloss>, or, if he was unable to do so, at least promise to bring this sacrifice immediately upon recovery","why":"The passage reports the traditional beliefs and practices of the Lopari (Sámi), noting that to appease spirits and restore life to a sick person, a sacrifice had to be offered either to the souls of the deceased or to th","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ade997bbdf273192a46e68?page=201","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"appease the spirits","yw":1884,"wd":"1868–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1868,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1634,"ye":null,"t":"History of Rome","a":"Livy","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"kinship","q":"touched the earth with his lips, because she is, of course, the common mother of all mortals.","why":"The passage depicts the earth as a person ('the common mother of all mortals') whom Brutus touches with his lips in a filial relation to fulfill the Delphic oracle, narrated as part of Rome's own foundational tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b30077e28f56bd7494185e?page=114","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"appease the spirits","yw":-13,"wd":"43 BCE–17, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-43,"wt":17},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"grub thob chen po’i thugs thig skor","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To make the ground suitable, give torma offerings to the local lords, gods, and nagas <gloss>serpent spirits</gloss>.","why":"The ritual passage explicitly directs making torma offerings to local lords (lords of the soil/locality), gods, and nagas tied to the ritual ground, and directly petitioning them to request their activity and depart.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78aad4a6785cfd60d4b4b?page=29","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1800,"wd":"c. 1700–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1800,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thor bu dGongs 'dus tsha tsha btab pa'i las rim sogs","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The ordinary people and fierce predators of that land are the messengers of the Dharma Protectors, so avoid bad thoughts and cruelty.","why":"The passage directly presents the animals ('fierce predators of that land') as messengers of the Dharma Protectors, establishing a relational duty for travelers to avoid bad thoughts and cruelty toward them.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e1d1311a9edd46224303?page=140","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Khi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Offer torma and nectar offerings to the local spirits <note>Sa-dag</note>.","why":"The passage details the Ritual of the Ground and instructs practitioners to make torma and nectar offerings to the local spirits (Sa-dag / lords of the soil), establishing a ritual relation with spirits tied to the place","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e150311a9edd4621ef4c?page=263","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":850,"wd":"c. 700–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"rNying ma rgyud 'bum Khi","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Offer torma and nectar offerings to the local spirits.","why":"The passage outlines a mandala ground ritual instructing the practitioner to offer torma and nectar to the local spirits of the site, recognizing place-bound spirits with whom humans stand in ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e786fa6846fc56c4911496?page=216","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":925,"wd":"c. 750–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":750,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཀི (Derge Tengyur, vol. 32)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Address her while touching the earth with the right hand:","why":"The text describes a ritual sadhana in which the practitioner addresses the Earth Goddess who emerges half-bodied from the ground, touching the earth to stand in relation with her as the personified earth/witness to draw","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe92d06a920ffd924d7166?page=386","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mDos gzhung chen mo","a":"Gangtey Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Listen, local lords, gods, nagas, and their hosts!","why":"The passage describes a ritual offering addressing local lords, gods, and nagas residing in natural places such as snowy mountains, rocky peaks, springs, groves, and high lakes, inviting them to receive offerings.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e76180cc48e59ad74f00ef?page=30","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1400–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1400,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1930,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"mo bdar kun sel","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Make offerings to the local deities <term>yul lha</term>.","why":"The text prescribes making offerings to the 'yul lha' (local/territorial deities tied to the land/locality), establishing a ritual relation between human practitioners and place-based spirits.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f5b6cebc588933221f7?page=40","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1880,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1860,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Thor bu 029 gTsang mkhan chen rnam thar rtogs brjod zlos gar","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"my brothers and their retinues went to the peak of the mountain called Lhamo Ri <note>Goddess Mountain</note> with a great abundance of desired food and drink to make offerings to the local mountain deities.","why":"The text explicitly describes the author's brothers ascending Mount Lhamo Ri with food and drink to make ritual offerings to the local mountain deities, presenting the mountain as the dwelling of spirits tied to the plac","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab905f1a22ab19a9a280?page=37","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1700–1800","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1800},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1600,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Kanjur 'Dul ba Ca","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"town-region","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The customs officials in Shravasti heard that a magnificent caravan was coming from the northern road. They made offerings to the local spirits <note>term: \"གནོད་སྦྱིན་\" gloss: \"yaksha\"</note>, secured the gates, and waited.","why":"The passage depicts the customs officials performing a rite (making offerings) to local spirits (yakshas) tied to the locality of Shravasti, demonstrating people standing in relation with local tutelary spirits.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abf95f1a22ab19aa14b2?page=123","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":-200,"wd":"c. 500 BCE–100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-500,"wt":100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"bla ma gu ru drag po'i skor","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Make offerings to the local lords and please them.","why":"The ritual text instructs the practitioner to make offerings to and please the 'local lords' (spirits/lords of the soil or locality), recognizing them as spirits tied to the place with whom people stand in active relatio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e788584a6785cfd60d0976?page=10","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1650,"wd":"c. 1600–1700","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1730,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Sa","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Take hold of a pleasing place and give the torma offerings to the local spirits and others.","why":"The text instructs ritual practice ('Take hold of a pleasing place and give the torma offerings to the local spirits and others'), explicitly addressing and entering into ritual relations (via torma offerings) with spiri","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e149311a9edd4621e884?page=290","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":900,"wd":"c. 700–1100","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"sbas gnas kyi lam yig kun gsal me long","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"One should make offerings to the local deities of the path and search.","why":"The passage instructs travelers to make offerings to the local deities tied to the path, depicting place-bound spirits with whom humans interact through ritual.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7928980b52390feb16323?page=5","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1930,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Incomplete manuscripts","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Make offerings to the local deity Shong-gyal.","why":"The text prescribes a ritual offering to the local deity Shong-gyal to avert harmful omens, recognizing a spirit tied to a locality with whom humans maintain reciprocal ritual relations.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78f6213e67bd16d4e6bc2?page=89","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1880,"wd":"c. 1800–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1800,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Sbas yul rin chen bsgrod pa’i gtam (gter ma)","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"other","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"The Bonpos should make offerings to the local gods and nagas without losing their lineage.","why":"The text explicitly instructs Bonpos to make offerings to local gods and nagas, affirming local spirits tied to the place with whom people maintain a reciprocal ritual relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7928380b52390feb161b8?page=10","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1480,"ye":null,"t":"Treasure Teachings of Pema Lingpa","a":"Pema Lingpa (1450-1521)","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"Make offerings to the local deities and satisfy them.","why":"The text instructs practitioners in a ritual context to make offerings to the local deities of the practice site to satisfy them, treating the locality as inhabited by place-tied spirits with whom humans enter into ritua","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e747fa85f786e884a4a8a0?page=211","fm":false,"d":"relation","ln":"animism","ph":"offerings to the local","yw":1473,"wd":"1465–1480, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1480},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1521,"ye":null,"t":"The Greek Anthology (Florilegium Epigrammatum)","a":"Various Greek Poets","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"My mother Earth, nurse of the Phrygian lions, the mountain not untrodden by the initiates alone, to you this woman, having ceased her madness, set up the remedy for her own goading frenzy: the sharp-sounding cymbals and the roar of the deep-sounding flutes, with which she bent the crooked horn of the heifer; the resounding drums, and the daggers stained with blood, and the golden hair that she once shook.","why":"The passage addresses Mother Earth and the Phrygian mountain as a divine person ('Lady') who receives cult dedications (cymbals, flutes, drums) and is petitioned to show grace and grant peace to an initiate.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b222ed56715b0e32475a8c?page=496","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":980,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1508,"ye":null,"t":"The Lives of the Twelve Caesars","a":"Suetonius","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Others prayed to Mother Earth and the gods of the underworld not to give the dead man any place except among the impious.","why":"The passage depicts Roman citizens praying to Mother Earth (Terra Mater) as a personal being who can receive or deny the deceased a resting place in the earth, directly treating the earth as a person with whom humans sta","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b221a808069e96e8430984?page=173","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":117,"wd":"84–150, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":84,"wt":150},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1500,"ye":null,"t":"Orphic Poems","a":"Orpheus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Wherefore we ask you, blessed one, gracious in sacred rites,\nSend the rains that foster the crops to the mother earth.","why":"The Orphic hymn addresses Notus (the south wind / weather) as a personal divine being ('blessed one') with whom worshippers interact through cultic practice ('gracious in sacred rites') to ask for rain for mother earth.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b43d53ee0300187dbd1c3a?page=49","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":300,"wd":"c. 100–600","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":100,"wt":600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1794,"ye":null,"t":"Key of Magic: The Secret Natural Wisdom of the Philosopher’s Stone","a":"Gottfried Spes","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"From the threefold principio in the hermetic liquor, one created Neptune with his three-pronged fork and ascribed all sea power to him.","why":"The author explicitly explains away the belief in Neptune and his dominion over the sea as an alchemical fable or misunderstanding originating from the threefold principle in hermetic liquor.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a2051a730380614abc92b74","fm":true,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":1794,"wd":"1794","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1794,"wt":1794},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1480,"ye":null,"t":"Short Vocabulary","a":"Reuchlin, Johannes","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"kinship","q":"Giants are also called terrigenae, because, as the fable goes, their mother Earth brought them forth like herself.","why":"The passage cites classical myth ('as the fable goes') presenting the Earth as a mother who gave birth to the giants ('mother Earth brought them forth like herself'). This treats the earth as a person within a mythologic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dbcb931040d1d5e20b823e?page=470","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":1475,"wd":"1470–1480, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1470,"wt":1480},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1853,"ye":null,"t":"Ko Nga Moteatea me Nga Hakirara o Nga Maori (Maori Songs)","a":"Sir George Grey (collector)","lg":"Maori","tr":"pacific","c":"earth-land","s":"ancestor","v":"insider","rel":"kinship","q":"It was you who wedged, the great belly of Papa <gloss>Earth Mother</gloss>, laying it out\nabove, e-i.","why":"The lament references the primal Maori cosmological tradition where Papa (the Earth Mother, the earth itself) is treated as a person with a 'great belly' that was wedged/separated.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e01012c47b5c9f88212c12?page=155","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1840,"wd":"1827–1853, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1827,"wt":1853},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1560,"ye":null,"t":"Orphic and Homeric Hymns","a":"Orpheus; Homer; Callimachus","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"the goddess Earth, mother and all-bearer, bringer of rain.","why":"The passage concludes a prayer invoking the Earth directly as a personal divinity ('the goddess Earth, mother and all-bearer, bringer of rain', 'a nurse to all') with whom mortals stand in relation for their sustenance a","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938ddad5a98fd66f42f5b9?page=23","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":150,"wd":"Orphic Hymns c. 2nd–3rd c. CE; Homeric Hymns 7th–6th c. BCE;","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-700,"wt":300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1884,"ye":null,"t":"On Agriculture and On Farming","a":"Cato; Varro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"kinship","q":"Nor without cause did they call the same earth \"Mother\" and \"Ceres\" <gloss>the goddess of agriculture</gloss>, and they believed those who tilled it led a pious and useful life, and that they alone remained from the stock of King Saturn.","why":"The text affirms that the Roman ancestors rightly ('nor without cause') called the earth 'Mother' and 'Ceres', connecting tilling the earth with a pious life and with sacred rites (initia) performed for Ceres.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af20f5a854057228c07754?page=289","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":-100,"wd":"c. 160–37 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-160,"wt":-37},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1573,"ye":null,"t":"Philosophical Poetry","a":"Henri II Estienne (ed.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Earth mother of all, Demeter bestower of wealth.","why":"The passage from Diodorus Siculus explicitly equates the earth with the goddess Demeter ('call this earth Demeter... called earth-mother') and quotes Orpheus addressing the earth as a personified deity ('Earth mother of ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2f41e0e2f024dfbfbb48f?page=134","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":-500,"wd":"c. 600 BCE–1500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-600,"wt":1500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། རྒྱུད་འགྲེལ། ཞ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 22)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Then, the Earth Goddess <note>original: \"Prithvi\"</note> should be invited and worshipped, and a prayer should be offered three times.","why":"The ritual text explicitly treats the Earth Goddess (Prithvi) as a personal being tied to the ground/site who is invited, worshipped, prayed to, and grants verbal consent ('Do it') for digging the land.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abe8dbb6a920ffd924d59c0?page=453","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1000,"wd":"c. 900–1100, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":900,"wt":1100},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1624,"ye":null,"t":"The Origins of the Great Mother of the Gods and Attis","a":"Pignoria, Lorenzo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"This is surely because under that tree Attis had divested himself of his manhood, or had hardened into that trunk, as Ovid sings in Book X of the Metamorphoses.","why":"The text reports ancient cultic rites and myth in which the sacred pine is worshipped and brought into the sanctuary because Attis was believed to have hardened into that tree trunk.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a42fa55feb36226e8f0a802?page=22","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":1605,"wd":"1586–1624, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1586,"wt":1624},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1503,"ye":null,"t":"Greek Anthology","a":"Janus Lascaris (ed.)","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"literary","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"The earth, mother of all, does not receive a mother-corrupting man.","why":"The epigram depicts the earth as a personal maternal entity ('mother of all') that actively refuses to receive the corpse of a mother-violating man.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b21be764fe7db19620a5ec?page=24","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":980,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–1300","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":1300},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1555,"ye":null,"t":"Homer (Cambridge, Christ's College, MS Rouse 358)","a":"Homer","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"I shall sing of Gaia, the mother of all, the firm-founded,","why":"The passage from the Homeric Hymns presents Gaia (the Earth) as a divine person with a heart and will who feeds all living things and blesses mortals, addressed within ancient Greek poetic and mythological convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699382dd84cf5845c644b377?page=1314","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":-793,"wd":"885–701 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-885,"wt":-701},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Hymns of the Atharva-Veda","a":"Maurice Bloomfield","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"house-hearth","s":"animal-person","v":"insider","rel":"appeasement","q":"May he be favorable to our cattle and our household; O gods, may the pigeon do us no harm here!","why":"The ritual charm directly treats the pigeon as an animal with personal agency that can be propitiated through praise and a ransom to ensure it is favorable and brings no harm to the household.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c2f5f855ec553e71f1b?page=246","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"the earth is our mother","yw":1884,"wd":"1870–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1870,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1555,"ye":null,"t":"The Decades of the Newe Worlde","a":"Peter Martyr d'Anghiera (trans. Richard Eden)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"literary","rel":"taboo-offence","q":"and men thought it cruelty by breaking the bones of our mother the earth, to open a way to the court of infernal Pluto from thence to get gold and silver, the seeds of all mischiefs and angels of such a god whom the antiquity (not without good consideration) painted blind, affirming also that of him gold and silver have received the property to blind the eyes of men.","why":"The passage invokes the classical Golden Age myth where the earth is treated as a person ('our mother the earth' whose 'bones' it was 'cruelty' to break) and the realm of the underworld god Pluto, presented through class","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e9c972625ec74a1447352f?page=709","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"our mother the earth","yw":1516,"wd":"c. 1511–1526","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1511,"wt":1526},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Gleanings in Buddha-Fields","a":"Lafcadio Hearn","lg":"English","tr":"shinto","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"So shaped and so tinted, the isolated country yashiro may seem less like a work of joinery than a feature of the scenery—a rural form related to nature as closely as rocks and trees—something that came into existence only as a manifestation of Ohotsuchi-no-Kami, the Earth-god, the primeval divinity of the land.","why":"The passage identifies the Shintō shrine (yashiro) as a natural feature of the landscape manifesting Ohotsuchi-no-Kami, the Earth-god and primeval divinity of the land, presenting the land/earth as an embodied kami/deity","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907abc5df68efe400d8d32?page=14","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"kami","yw":1883,"wd":"1865–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1865,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1793,"ye":null,"t":"Versuch über die Religion der alten Ägypter und Griechen","a":"Vogel, Paul Joachim Siegmund","lg":"German","tr":"ethnography","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"To these objects, he attributes intentions, inclinations, and passions, just as he himself has.","why":"The text reports as an outside philosophical/ethnographic observer that early humans treat natural objects (the river, sea, clouds, mountain) as beings possessed of will, intentions, and passions, praying and offering sa","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c635a73e8cae136d1498f6?page=34","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"fetish","yw":1793,"wd":"1793","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1793,"wt":1793},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"The Making of Religion","a":"Andrew Lang","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Local deities of river, hill, forest, or sea.","why":"The text quotes Major Ellis's ethnographic account of Tshi religious beliefs, specifically reporting a class of 'Local deities of river, hill, forest, or sea' (spirits tied to specific natural features) who are approache","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906ad11cf6ed5fbc8f7ffc?page=261","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animism","yw":1879,"wd":"1859–1898, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1859,"wt":1898},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1913,"ye":null,"t":"The Journal of the Alchemical Society","a":"Unknown","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"In this stage of mental development, all the various forces of nature are personified: the rushing torrent, the devastating fire, the wind rustling the forest leaves—in the mind of the animi","why":"The author explains away animism as a 'very crude explanation of natural phenomena' from an early stage of human mental evolution, arguing that forces of nature were merely personified in the mind of early man rather tha","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c8982b6c6f3cc53c85ca37?page=246","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animist","yw":1913,"wd":"c. 1913–1915","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1913,"wt":1915},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1911,"ye":null,"t":"Documents scientifiques de la Mission Tilho (1906-1909), Tome II","a":"Jean Tilho","lg":"French","tr":"african","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Then the men come to pray to the lake and their ancestor, Jigoji Rigoumi, to grant them plenty of water, fish, and millet, and not to abandon them.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a cult of the lake practiced by the Mazougojias, wherein men pray directly to the lake to grant them water, fish, and millet, ask it not to abandon them, and consider whether the lake wil","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6aaaa175e77fda33e8d3fcd8?page=493","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"animist","yw":1911,"wd":"1911","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1911,"wt":1911},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1693,"ye":null,"t":"The Enchanted World","a":"Balthasar Bekker","lg":"German","tr":"african","c":"field-crop","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"offering","q":"When they have a journey in mind and happen to hear its voice, they rejoice to the highest degree and say that the Fetisso promises them a happy journey with its voice; for which reason they also place a vessel or pitcher of water together with some grain on the spot where they heard the voice, so that the Fetisso may find food and drink there.","why":"The passage reports an ethnographic observation of divination where the starry heron's call is understood as the voice of the Fetisso promising a safe journey, and travelers leave offerings of grain and water on the spot","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1cb49a282e3475aab4b79?page=91","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"fetish","yw":1671,"wd":"1649–1693, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1649,"wt":1693},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"myur mdzad ye shes kyi mgon po phyag drug pa’i gtor chog bskang gso cha lag dang bcas pa","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Below, the Earth Lord riding a pig, holding a golden vase, with an entourage of a hundred thousand Earth Lords: liberate the enemies...","why":"The text invokes the Earth Lord (lord of the soil, associated with the direction below) and his entourage of one hundred thousand Earth Lords within a liturgical rite, offering them torma and requesting protective action","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7965680b52390feb195ab?page=21","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":1750,"wd":"c. 1600–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1600,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Rdo rje gling pa’i bka’ ’bum","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"At the edge of the great lake Mal-gro Gzi-chen, the five classes of nagas and their retinues were bound by oath.","why":"The text directly ties the five classes of nagas and their retinues to the specific lake Mal-gro Gzi-chen, presenting them as spirits of that place bound by oath to virtuous activity and offering rituals.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78a8a4a6785cfd60d3a96?page=802","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":1383,"wd":"1361–1405, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1361,"wt":1405},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1890,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"sde brgyad gser skyems sogs","a":"Ogyen Choling Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"To the earth-lord Hal-khyi Nag-po; to the naga-demon Ghora Nag-po; to the Earth Goddess Tenma; to the Great Kings of the four directions; to the seventy-five Protectors; to all the masters of the grounds of this region; to all the male gods and warrior gods; to the female gods and medicinal goddesses <note>menmo.","why":"The ritual text explicitly addresses and offers libations to beings tied to the land and locality, including the 'earth-lord', 'Earth Goddess', and 'all the masters of the grounds of this region', establishing a reciproc","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e78af24a6785cfd60d4e55?page=5","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"yaksha","yw":1825,"wd":"c. 1700–1950","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1700,"wt":1950},{"l":"inhabited","p":"dead","y":1693,"ye":null,"t":"The Enchanted World","a":"Balthasar Bekker","lg":"German","tr":"christian","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"That the people of Guinea provide a voice when exorcising their trees, to inquire of the gods—through various whims regarding fishing or money—before the king, does not seem to me a great art.","why":"Bekker reports the belief/practice of the people of Guinea who exorcise trees to inquire of the gods, and explains it away and attacks it as priestly deception, echo tricks, and fraud rather than genuine indwelling or sp","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1cb49a282e3475aab4b79?page=782","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"fetish","yw":1671,"wd":"1649–1693, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1649,"wt":1693},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Thadrak Thor bu 010 De va ko ta'i gnas bshad sogs","a":"Thadrak Temple","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"In the forests, the <term>Damo</term> <gloss>female spirits</gloss> dwell.","why":"The passage explicitly states that Damo (female spirits) dwell in the forests, identifying a natural feature (forests) as the dwelling place of spirits with whom practitioners engage during Severance (Chöd) practice.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ab765f1a22ab19a98ebe?page=128","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits dwell","yw":1700,"wd":"c. 1500–1900","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1500,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Journey to the West","a":"Wu Cheng'en","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"There beneath the rocky ledges were the local spirit, the mountain god, and th","why":"The passage explicitly refers to 'the local spirit, the mountain god' present at the Mountain of Five Phases, depicting local tutelary spirits and a mountain deity tied to a specific natural place within a mythological n","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7930d80b52390feb17790?page=112","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1590","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1590},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1887,"ye":null,"t":"The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa","a":"Alfred Burdon Ellis","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"The god of the Prah is believed to reside there in a large rock near the river bar.","why":"The passage explicitly reports that the god of the river Prah is believed to reside in a large rock near the river bar, has a described bodily form, and receives offerings and sacrifices from the local inhabitants.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079b5db8b55d19ec67a1a?page=82","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1877,"wd":"1867–1887, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1867,"wt":1887},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1805,"ye":null,"t":"Orphica (Argonautica, Hymni, Lithica)","a":"Gottfried Hermann (ed.)","lg":"Greek/Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"as many as goddess mother Earth\nand maritime Zeus of the sea nourish in their bosoms.","why":"The text directly refers to the earth as 'goddess mother Earth' who nourishes living things in her bosom, explicitly presenting the earth as a maternal divine person in an Orphic devotional hymn.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6955747af63a757109173a5d?page=424","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":300,"wd":"c. 600 BCE–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-600,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1915,"ye":null,"t":"Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)","a":"Tsukamoto Tetsuzō","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"With the heavenly measurement, they stilled the rock-roots and tree-roots that could speak, and banished the whispering of the leaves of the grass.","why":"The liturgical ritual text recounts that rock-roots, tree-roots, and grass previously possessed speech and whispered before being ritually stilled and pacified by the heavenly deities, presenting natural rocks and trees ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699249a3a2d53df4853bdd12?page=260","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":712,"wd":"712 CE (Kojiki); Fudoki 713-740s; Norito earlier","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":711,"wt":712},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1850,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"pad gling gter byon mgon po ma nying sde brgyd kyi bskang gso","a":"Drametse Monastery Collection","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"The twelve <term>Tenma</term> who protect the land of Tibet.","why":"The passage is an insider ritual text invoking the twelve Tenma as guardian spirits specifically tied to the land of Tibet, alongside local deities and site-guardians, with whom the practitioner interacts through visuali","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7885d4a6785cfd60d0b4c?page=75","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deities","yw":1493,"wd":"1465–1521, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"medium","wf":1465,"wt":1521},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1727,"ye":null,"t":"The Religion of the Gauls","a":"[Martin, Jacques]","lg":"French","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Every place and, so to speak, every bush had its God, and its particular God.","why":"The text explicitly reports on ancient Gaulish belief, stating that every place and bush possessed its own particular dwelling deity or topical god tied to that specific geographic spot.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6988a5a2c9cb59aebe69eda0?page=350","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius loci","yw":1727,"wd":"1727","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1727,"wt":1727},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1610,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Cunaeus Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"appeasement","q":"O kin of the Naiads, bringing blood fallen from Jove, pity the surface of the river fallen from Jove.","why":"The passage depicts a water nymph (Naiad) residing in and emerging from the river waves, directly addressing Aeacus as a being with whom humans can interact and entreating him to spare the river from contamination.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d615d28b693146cee47?page=640","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Phurdrup Gonpa Thor bu mThong grol zab lam sogs","a":"Phurdrup Gonpa","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"taming-binding","q":"Then, at the foot of Mount Palbar, in Rakma Jangchub Dzong <note>Rakma Enlightenment Fortress</note>, he bound a Se-spirit goddess and the local deity of Rakma under oath.","why":"The passage explicitly describes a religious figure binding the local deity of Rakma and a spirit under oath at the foot of Mount Palbar, presenting a place-tied spirit with whom a human stands in relation.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7ac835f1a22ab19aa8a0e?page=111","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1350,"wd":"c. 1300–1400","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1300,"wt":1400},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1518,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works (Opera Omnia)","a":"Giovanni Pontano","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"town-region","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"he saved the city and gave thanks to the genius of the place in which such a great poet had once been born.","why":"The passage explicitly recounts King Alfonso offering thanks to the 'genius of the place' (genius loci) of Sulmo, engaging in a direct relation with the tutelary spirit tied to that specific locality in accordance with c","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69aea88e1cbf28a363a50346?page=200","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1472,"wd":"1441–1503, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1441,"wt":1503},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1535,"ye":null,"t":"The Complete Latin Works of Jacopo Sannazaro","a":"Sannazaro, Jacopo","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"other","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"And pour out aged wine often for the genius of the place.","why":"The text instructs to pour out aged wine for the 'genius of the place' (genius loci), presenting the place as inhabited by a local protective spirit/person tied to that location with whom humans interact through ritual o","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a0857e049638a50931c5cd8?page=105","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1501,"wd":"1472–1530, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1472,"wt":1530},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1615,"ye":null,"t":"Tractatus posthumus Jani Jacobi Boissardi ... De divinatione &amp; magicis praestigiis: quarum veritas ac vani","a":"Boissard, Jean Jacques","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"cave","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"and falling there in veneration, they religiously saluted the Genius of the place, and asked of him the rites, laws, and the manner of consulting the oracle, and learned how he wished a sacred temple to be built for him, where he would return responses to suppliants.","why":"The text explicitly describes the Boeotians venerating and communicating with the 'Genius of the place' residing at the subterranean chasm/cave, who instructs them on oracle rites. The Renaissance author reports this anc","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69bd9e106120d54bd037b2d8?page=155","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"genius of the place","yw":1573,"wd":"1543–1602, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1543,"wt":1602},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula","a":"Walter William Skeat","lg":"English","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"demon-harmful","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"A Javanese coolie, on the main road near Ayer Panas, cut down a tree which was known to be occupied by a hantu.","why":"The text reports an ethnographic/colonial account (Blagden via Skeat) describing a specific tree near Ayer Panas known to be occupied by a hantu (spirit), which punished a Javanese coolie who cut it down.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990799fdb8b55d19ec668cf?page=94","fm":false,"d":"dwelling","ln":"animism","ph":"inhabited by spirits","yw":1891,"wd":"1881–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1881,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1739,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works, Vol. I","a":"Girolamo Fracastoro","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"Will be given to you by the Naiad from one side, and Galatea from the other.","why":"In poetic convention, the passage addresses the spring Marsango directly as a river deity (depicted with horns and receiving flower offerings) alongside a Naiad and Galatea presenting wreaths from either side of its wate","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af0f3c71c0dcb762286c99?page=202","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1523,"wd":"1493–1553, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1493,"wt":1553},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1871,"ye":null,"t":"Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom, Vol. I","a":"Edward Burnett Tylor","lg":"English","tr":"african","c":"animal","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"appeasement","q":"If they must kill it because it is harmful—the lion, for instance—they ask its pardon and undergo a ritual purification to cleanse themselves from the sacrilege.","why":"The passage reports an ethnographic rite of the Bechuana, who, when forced to kill their harmful tribal animal (such as a lion), ask its pardon and undergo purification, treating the animal as a person with whom humans s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69906aaf1cf6ed5fbc8f7e01?page=251","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"totem","yw":1882,"wd":"1847–1917, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1917},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"Korea and Her Neighbours, Vol. 2","a":"Isabella Bird Bishop","lg":"English","tr":"korean-shamanism","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"At the summit, which is only 100 feet wide, there is a famous shrine to the spirit of the pass.","why":"The passage reports the local belief and ritual practice of travelers offering petitions to the spirit of the mountain pass for protection and safe descent, presenting the pass as associated with a localized spirit with ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992590e8812793469fe14c6?page=176","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1872,"wd":"1846–1898, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1846,"wt":1898},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷八十八: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 270)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"I once saw the King of Qin build a stone bridge, while the Sea God in a frantic rush made the tides surge.","why":"The passage quotes a poem referring to the legend of the King of Qin building a stone bridge into the sea, where the Sea God (海神, a deity tied to the sea) acts frantically to make the tides surge.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c60f540c88a541d8ec3e8?page=18","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1910,"ye":null,"t":"Sacred Books of the East: General Index (SBE Vol. 50)","a":"F. Max Müller (ed.)","lg":"English","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"spirits of the land worshipped under an oak-tree, 39, 217-19","why":"The text explicitly notes the worship of spirits of the land (spirits tied to the soil/land, standing in a ritual relation to humans) under an oak tree. As a modern scholarly index summarizing external religious traditio","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699246d6bc722ec0ee814ea5?page=277","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the land","yw":1910,"wd":"1910","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1910,"wt":1910},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1898,"ye":null,"t":"The Book of the Dead","a":"E.A. Wallis Budge","lg":"English","tr":"ancient-egyptian","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Greetings, Ha-hetep, great and mighty one of the canal!","why":"The passage directly addresses Ha-hetep/Qa-ha-hetep as the presiding deity and guardian dwelling at the canal ('great and mighty one of the canal', 'the name of the god there is Qa-ha-hetep, and he guards it'), presentin","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69a552751e2c2347112f057b?page=508","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":-1300,"wd":"c. 1550–50 BCE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-1550,"wt":-50},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1862,"ye":null,"t":"Rig-Veda-Sanhita (Vol. 4)","a":"Max Müller (ed.) / Sayana (commentary)","lg":"Sanskrit","tr":"hindu","c":"house-hearth","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"O Lord of the Dwelling, recognize us; be a peaceful inhabitant and free of disease for us.","why":"The passage documents a Vedic hymn and domestic construction rite invoking Vastoshpati ('Lord of the Dwelling' / guardian deity of the house) as a personal being tied to the house site, asking him to be a peaceful reside","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69920be3e0a548a13d887575?page=254","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":-1200,"wd":"c. 1500–1000 BCE (Rigveda); Sayana commentary 14th c. CE","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":-1500,"wt":-1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷七十六: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 72)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"When the Son of Heaven campaigned to the west, he reached Mount Yangyu, the dwelling place of Feng Yi, the God of the River.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies Mount Yangyu as the dwelling place of Feng Yi, the God of the River, and describes the Son of Heaven offering jade ritual objects to him in a legendary narrative.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6025879008ba7e15ad1a?page=98","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the river","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"Country Estates","a":"Giambattista della Porta","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"worship","q":"Earth, agreeing to her prayers, immediately produced a tree.","why":"The passage recounts the Greek myth where Earth ('mother earth') is presented as a personal being who listens to Daphne's prayer, agrees to it, and responds by producing a tree.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b1c642edda7fb64e1a08a0?page=132","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1571,"wd":"1550–1592, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1550,"wt":1592},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1819,"ye":null,"t":"Dionysiaca (Graefe Critical Edition)","a":"Nonnus of Panopolis","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"And Themis <note>The goddess of divine law and order.</note> displayed the weapons of the fallen giant to foolish Gaia <note>The Earth, mother of the giants.</note> as a warning for the future, hanging them high above the portals of Olympus.","why":"The passage depicts Gaia (the Earth) as a person who can be addressed and warned, with Themis displaying the defeated giant's weapons to her as a warning for the future within a mythological epic context.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69938d6d5d28b693146cf50c?page=72","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":451,"wd":"401–500","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":401,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"Pausanias: Graeciae Descriptio, Vol. II (Spiro, Teubner)","a":"Pausanias","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"none","q":"When an almond tree grew up from these and bore ripe fruit, they say a daughter of the river-god Sangarius took some of the fruit.","why":"The passage explicitly refers to 'the river-god Sangarius', presenting the river as a personal divine being tied to that specific watercourse, in a legend of Pessinus reported by the author ('they say').","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a08a9960e77acb4f930752f?page=226","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":153,"wd":"125–180, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":125,"wt":180},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷二十八~卷三十一 (vol 9)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Therefore, fine jade and pure sacrificial animals were offered to honor the River God.","why":"The passage describes an official imperial sacrifice offering fine jade and pure sacrificial animals to honor the River God in response to the river's course and erosion, explicitly presenting the river as the domain of ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c654aaf3c49b59c5cb440?page=94","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"the river god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 5","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"cave","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"The Grotto of the Mystery, one hundred and ten li in size, is located at Mount Guigu in Jianyang County, Jian Prefecture; it is the residence of Lord Wuyi of the Moso Bamboo.","why":"The passage explicitly identifies the Grotto of the Mystery at Mount Guigu as the residence of a localized spirit/deity, Lord Wuyi of the Moso Bamboo, presenting the cave-mountain site as the dwelling of a named being ti","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd1bae978f7d4159844e?page=26","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"local deity","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1689,"ye":null,"t":"[Greek: Orpheos argonaitika ymnoi kai peri lithon] Argonautica hymni et de lapidibus","a":"Orpheus","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"sky-weather","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Come here, Aquilo, leaving snowy Thrace with your icy breath:","why":"The passage is a liturgical hymn offering incense to Aquilo (the North Wind), invoking this weather phenomenon as an embodied personal being hailing from snowy Thrace with whom worshippers stand in direct ritual relation","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69c703c5da9771c716315965?page=209","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":500,"wd":"c. 400–600","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":400,"wt":600},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1900,"ye":null,"t":"Carmina Gadelica: Hymns and Incantations of the Western Highlands","a":"Alexander Carmichael","lg":"English, Scottish Gaelic","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"These names are applied to a naiad who foretells the deaths of those slain in comba","why":"The passage documents Highland folklore regarding the Caoineag, describing her as a naiad (a water spirit or nymph tied to waters) who foretells deaths.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/695583f05336c55c8910fc04?page=260","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":1874,"wd":"1847–1900, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1847,"wt":1900},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷一百六十八: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 344)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"address-greeting","q":"For this reason, the officials of the mountains and the spirits of the waters secretly watched for and greeted him, while malevolent ghosts and strange monsters all fled and hid.","why":"The passage from the Biographies of the Immortals explicitly portrays mountains and waters as presided over by 'officials' and 'spirits' who actively watch for, greet, and interact with the Daoist adept possessing the Ma","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c613d40c88a541d8ef18a?page=49","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1502,"ye":null,"t":"Ovid's Metamorphoses","a":"Ovid","lg":"Latin","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"whom the nymph of the rapid Caicus river, having brought her forth on its banks, once called Ocyroe.","why":"The text explicitly identifies 'the nymph of the rapid Caicus river', presenting a specific watercourse as inhabited by or tied to a localized nature spirit (a river nymph) who bears a child on its banks within a classic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b2214608069e96e842f2a2?page=193","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":-5,"wd":"27 BCE–17, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-27,"wt":17},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1916,"ye":null,"t":"Psychology of the Unconscious","a":"C.G. Jung","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"spring-well","s":"nymph","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"the Mother of God, who, according to the heathen-Christian legend, was transformed into a nymph of the Spring.","why":"The text reports a 'heathen-Christian legend' in which the Mother of God was transformed into a nymph of the Spring (Πηγή), presenting a spring as inhabited by or embodied as a nymph/spirit tied to the water.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6993573783378b7aed7ceee1?page=307","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nymph of the","yw":1903,"wd":"1890–1916, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1890,"wt":1916},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1733,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Neyphug Kanjur mDo sde Pha","a":"Neyphug Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"When the <term>Nagas</term> <gloss>Serpent-spirits</gloss> of the ocean play, they fill the space from the foundation of the earth up to the Abode of Mastery with great clouds, and these are full of many various arrangements.","why":"The text directly describes the 'Nagas of the ocean' as beings dwelling in and tied to the ocean whose actions (playing) produce great clouds that fill space and produce effects across the realms.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7abaa5f1a22ab19a9bfa8?page=231","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":400,"wd":"c. 100–700, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":100,"wt":700},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1982,"ye":null,"t":"བསྟན་འགྱུར། སྡེ་དགེ། འཁྲི་ཤིང། ཁེ (Derge Tengyur, vol. 171)","a":"","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Hearing these words of his, the deity residing in the tree was suddenly overwhelmed with fear and, trembling, thought to itself:","why":"The passage explicitly depicts a banyan tree as the dwelling of a conscious deity ('the deity residing in the tree') who experiences fear, trembles, and reflects in thought, presenting the natural tree as inhabited by a ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6abed259896ea18127c8cd4a?page=149","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":700,"wd":"c. 200–1200, Indian composition","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":200,"wt":1200},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷七~卷九 (vol 53)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Jun believed it was an administrative mandate from the God of the Mountain.","why":"The text explicitly reports that Murong Jun believed the jade tablet discovered under an uprooted tree at Mount Changshan was an administrative mandate from the God of the Mountain, presenting Mount Changshan as the doma","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65b339b4508b04e2f37b?page=108","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1592,"ye":null,"t":"李卓吾先生批評西遊記 (Journey to the West), Vol. 28","a":"Wu Cheng'en (吳承恩); Li Zhuowu (李卓吾), ed.","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"In reality, the Pilgrim had thrashed about along the path and struck out two old men, one the Mountain God and the other the local Earth Deity.","why":"The passage explicitly features the Mountain God and the local Earth Deity (tudi) appearing as two old men summoned from the earth and path, directly representing spirits tied to the mountain and local soil with whom bei","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69dea7b8914eeed04ca4b485?page=79","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1580,"wd":"c. 1570–1592","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"medium","wf":1570,"wt":1592},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1687,"ye":null,"t":"Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese (Confucius Sinarum Philosophus)","a":"Confucius; Jesuit Missionaries","lg":"Chinese-Latin","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Furthermore, the above-mentioned Ki-zi sacrificed to Mount Tai-xan, that is, to the presiding spirit of the mountain (as the interpreters expressly state), although it was lawful for no one other than the Ruler of the kingdom of Lu himself to sacrifice.","why":"The passage describes Mount Tai-xan as having a presiding spirit to whom sacrifices are offered according to the lawful rites of the kingdom of Lu.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953e28477f38f6761be9922?page=263","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":-400,"wd":"5th-3rd century BCE (Latin version 1687)","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":-500,"wt":-250},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"遵生八牋·卷十一~卷十二 (vol 9)","a":"高濂","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"I suspect that Heaven opened the beautiful spring of Dragon Well and the spirit of the mountain specially produced this fine tea to complement it.","why":"The passage attributes intentional agency to the 'spirit of the mountain' (shanling) of Dragon Well, conceiving this localized spirit as having specially produced the tea to pair with the spring opened by Heaven, framed ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3cc185ec254ff6cae0d051?page=19","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the mountain","yw":1596,"wd":"1588–1603, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1588,"wt":1603},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十三之九 (vol 515)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Han Yu, in his Text for Sacrificing to the Spirits in Chaozhou, wrote: Within the borders of this jurisdiction, the spirits of the mountains and rivers provide protection to the people; the officials shall establish shrines and halls, and fully prepare equipment to offer sacrifices in accordance with the seasons.","why":"The passage explicitly quotes Han Yu's ritual text stating that spirits of the mountains and rivers within the jurisdiction protect the people and are honored with shrines, halls, and seasonal sacrifices by officials.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6454af3c49b59c5ca5da?page=34","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百三十六: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 408)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"Currently, among the spirits of the mountains and rivers, those who should receive ritual offerings have not yet all been ranked in the official order.","why":"An imperial decree in the Book of the Later Han explicitly discusses offering official state rituals to the spirits of the mountains and rivers (dwelling spirits tied to natural places), recognizing them as beings in rel","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6185879008ba7e15ecc4?page=46","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1863,"ye":null,"t":"Dictionnaire Infernal","a":"Jacques Collin de Plancy","lg":"French","tr":"european-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The inhabitants of the shores of the Baltic Sea believe in the existence of these sea-men, or spirits of the waters, who have green beards and hair falling to their shoulders like the stems of water lilies¹.","why":"The passage reports the belief of Baltic coastal inhabitants in 'sea-men, or spirits of the waters' who live among the waves and interact with fishermen.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6999988f4310a671394526ee?page=466","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1836,"wd":"1809–1863, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1809,"wt":1863},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷二十六之七 (vol 433)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"offering","q":"He saw a mountain spirit holding a bowl containing something like water to offer him.","why":"The passage from the Fayuan Zhulin explicitly states that while monk Fadu lived on Mount Langya, he encountered a mountain spirit who offered him a bowl of liquid, directly presenting the mountain as inhabited by a place","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c640239b4508b04e236d5?page=73","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1609,"ye":null,"t":"Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, juan 33","a":"王圻, 王思義","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"The mountain deity of this place transforms into an earth python in order to relieve hunger and thirst.","why":"The text explicitly describes a local mountain deity (shanshen) of the Kingdom of Niaofubu who transforms into an earth python to relieve hunger and thirst, presenting a spirit tied to a particular place acting in relati","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6992cd8343713c66ea636fce?page=41","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain deity","yw":1609,"wd":"1609","wb":"wikidata","wc":"high","wf":1609,"wt":1609},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定佩文韻府·卷六十六之一 (vol 536)","a":"張玉書","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"Passing through Pu Ford, the River God bestowed the road.","why":"The text explicitly cites a rhapsody describing the River God (He Bo / river deity tied to the Yellow River at Pu Ford) bestowing a road/passage to the founding ancestor, treating the river/water deity as a personal agen","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c646739b4508b04e26c48?page=99","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"mountain spirit","yw":1684,"wd":"1657–1711, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1657,"wt":1711},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1880,"ye":null,"t":"The Damathat (Laws of Manu, bilingual Burmese/English)","a":"Unknown","lg":"Burmese","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"worship","q":"Once judged in this way, the spirits of the forest, the hill spirits, and the earth spirits shouted praises and applause.","why":"The passage explicitly depicts the spirits of the forest, hills, and earth acting as persons who shout praises and applause in response to a righteous legal judgment.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e0113dc47b5c9f88214596?page=36","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the forest","yw":1760,"wd":"c. 1750–1880","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1750,"wt":1880},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1877,"ye":null,"t":"Jatakatthavannana (Jataka with Commentary), Vol. 1","a":"V. Fausbøll (ed.)","lg":"Pali","tr":"indian-buddhist","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"insider","rel":"none","q":"In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasī, the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree deity in a cemetery grove.","why":"The passage explicitly states that the Bodhisatta was reborn as a tree deity in a cemetery grove, directly presenting a tree/grove as the dwelling of a localized spirit within the text's own narrative tradition.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de99071b234a773e439b52?page=442","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"tree deity","yw":450,"wd":"c. 400–500","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":400,"wt":500},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1894,"ye":null,"t":"Eventyr og Historier, Bind 4","a":"Hans Christian Andersen","lg":"Danish","tr":"european-folk","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nymph","v":"literary","rel":"none","q":"The dryad in the tree, it was the fairy tale mother herself, had here told him the old","why":"The passage depicts a tree inhabited by a dryad who communicates with the visitor ('had here told him'), presenting the tree as the dwelling of a spirit tied to that place within a literary fairy-tale convention.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e72a16a409200ea79f21dc?page=180","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"dryad","yw":1848,"wd":"1820–1875, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1820,"wt":1875},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1906,"ye":null,"t":"The Pawnee Mythology, Part I","a":"George A. Dorsey","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"The Beaver who swims with a stick\nIs my child, my son.","why":"The passage from Dorsey's ethnography of Pawnee mythology presents the beavers as persons who dwell in a lodge, grant consent, understand speech, and enter into ceremonial kinship and adoption relations via the pipe-stic","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907c765f855ec553e75919?page=455","fm":false,"d":"trees_forest","ln":"animism","ph":"forest spirit","yw":1895,"wd":"1883–1906, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1883,"wt":1906},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1869,"ye":null,"t":"History of the Devil, Vol. I","a":"Gustav Roskoff","lg":"German","tr":"ethnography","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"The Indian, therefore, attributes every natural phenomenon inexplicable to him to a Manitou and places in the prairies the great Spirit of Fire, who rushes along with a glowing bow; the Australian finds the black Wandvag dwelling in the gum forests; the Kamtschadale <note>A native inhabitant of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia.</note> sees the crazy antics of Kuka everywhere; on Tonga, the Holuah Pou play their mischief; in the Brazilian forest, Gurupira practices his teasing; in the face of water-danger, the Dayak sees the Nesi-panjang standing with his legs over the river; on the banks of the Marañon, the monster Ypupiara stands and strangles the traveler; in Senegambia, Horey roars for sacrifices in the forest; on Ceylon, evil Fafardets fill the air, and the Kalmucks hear the dragon Dun Chan flying through it; in the Canadian forests dwells the Gigri; in the Philippines, the Tibalangas live in the treetops.","why":"The passage explicitly reports ethnographic accounts of spirits dwelling in specific natural environments (such as the black Wandvag in gum forests, Gurupira in the Brazilian forest, Horey demanding sacrifices in the for","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6990699dd69de0e69806ebf6?page=33","fm":false,"d":"named_systems","ln":"animism","ph":"manitou","yw":1849,"wd":"1829–1869, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1829,"wt":1869},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1897,"ye":null,"t":"The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians","a":"Franz Boas","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"mountain-rock","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"kinship","q":"When he had reached a remote mountain range, he met a black bear who took him to his home and taught him how to catch salmon and how to build canoes.","why":"The passage recounts a Tsimshian legend recorded by ethnographer Franz Boas, presenting a black bear as a person who has a home, teaches the man skills, forms a friendship, and assists him when called.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699259843d2d40d1b0590fe6?page=19","fm":false,"d":"animals","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian spirit","yw":1885,"wd":"1873–1897, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1873,"wt":1897},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1912,"ye":null,"t":"近松浄瑠璃集 (Chikamatsu Jōruri Collection), Vol. 2","a":"Chikamatsu Monzaemon","lg":"Japanese","tr":"shinto","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"harm-fear","q":"I shall surely receive the wrath of the sun and moon, the Kengō Jishin shall crack the ground, and I shall sink into hell.","why":"The passage portrays the earth as governed by a personal spirit, Kengō Jishin (the deity of the earth), who actively responds to human moral conduct by cracking open the ground, expressed here through theatrical and myth","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e753e8095c302d3fddc6f5?page=384","fm":false,"d":"ancestors","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the ancestors","yw":1697,"wd":"1668–1725, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1668,"wt":1725},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定駢字類編·卷二百十二: Imperial Parallel Characters (vol 385)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"chinese-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"He wrapped his plow in cloth decorated with a tiger pattern and pushed it, saying, \"I labor in my own plowing, and the Mountain God will surely reward me with a bountiful year.\"","why":"The passage quotes a legend from the Miscellaneous Records of the Cloud Immortal in which the Old Man of the Zither plows Fengling Ridge and states that the Mountain God will reward his labor with a bountiful harvest, wh","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c6163879008ba7e15dd91?page=29","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"the mountain god","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1904,"ye":null,"t":"Traditions of the Skidi Pawnee","a":"George A. Dorsey","lg":"English","tr":"native-american","c":"tree-grove-forest","s":"animal-person","v":"outsider","rel":"bargain-contract","q":"The owls landed on a tree, and one said: “We are glad you are now so well off. Go get yourself a wife, then come back to us.”","why":"The passage portrays the owls as persons who dwell at a specific location ('the place of the owls'), speak directly to the protagonist, offer counsel, and grant supernatural hunting powers and future guidance in dreams. ","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69907d2b554109373feddfa4?page=196","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"mother earth","yw":1894,"wd":"1883–1904, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1883,"wt":1904},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1544,"ye":null,"t":"Εὐριπίδου Τραγῳδίαι (Euripidis Tragoediae XVIII)","a":"Euripides","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"earth-land","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"O queen Earth, mother of the black-winged dreams, I send away the night-time vision, which I saw through dreams about my child who is kept in Thrace, and about my dear daughter Polyxena.","why":"In this tragic passage, Hecuba directly addresses the Earth as a personal divine queen and mother ('O queen Earth, mother of the black-winged dreams') in an apotropaic prayer to avert a nocturnal vision, treating the ear","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69e7538b095c302d3fddb092?page=929","fm":false,"d":"earth_kin","ln":"animism","ph":"earth mother","yw":-435,"wd":"469–401 BCE, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":-469,"wt":-401},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1844,"ye":null,"t":"Deutsche Mythologie","a":"Jacob Grimm","lg":"German","tr":"european-folk","c":"house-hearth","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"protection","q":"One can ascribe to them a special reference to the hearth of the house, from under which they often emerge (p. 424) and where the door to their subterranean dwelling seems to be; they are essentially hearth-gods.","why":"The passage discusses traditional beliefs regarding house-spirits (such as the hûsing, stetigot, tomt, and duende) tied to the domestic homestead and cellar, explicitly noting that they are conceived as hearth-gods resid","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69ee649a7b983848aff57d1b?page=531","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"spirit of the place","yw":1835,"wd":"1835","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"high","wf":1835,"wt":1835},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1903,"ye":null,"t":"Complete Works of Nikolai Leskov, Vol. 20","a":"Nikolai Leskov","lg":"Russian","tr":"european-folk","c":"mountain-rock","s":"the-thing-itself","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"He does not consult the stone—as to what it might become—and the Bohemian pyrope is too proud to answer a Swabian.","why":"The passage depicts the lapidary Wenzel treating the pyrope stone as a sentient person with pride, will, and a Czech national spirit who can be consulted and who resists the Swabian cutter, framed within a literary narra","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69af202f26ba85fcaeca603f?page=101","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the mountains","yw":1871,"wd":"1846–1895, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"low","wf":1846,"wt":1895},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":null,"ye":null,"t":"御定子史精華·卷一百九~卷一百十 (vol 86)","a":"吳士玉","lg":"Chinese","tr":"daoist","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"insider","rel":"protection","q":"Consequently, the officials of the mountains and the spirits of the waters secretly welcomed and attended to him, while malevolent ghosts and monstrous creatures all fled and hid.","why":"The passage explicitly describes the officials/deities of the mountains and spirits of the waters acting as personal beings who secretly welcome and attend to the Daoist practitioner, fitting the category of mountain and","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a3c65f639b4508b04e306eb?page=86","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"spirits of the waters","yw":1707,"wd":"1680–1733, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1680,"wt":1733},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1920,"ye":null,"t":"An Encyclopaedia of Occultism","a":"Lewis Spence","lg":"English","tr":"european-folk","c":"earth-land","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"the earth spirits <note>original: \"Pozemne vile\"</note>, who are companionable spirits dwelling in the earth who give wise advice to mankind; and the water sprites <note>original: \"Podovne vile\"</note>, who are kind to humans on shore but extremely treacherous in their own element.","why":"The text reports Southern Slavic beliefs in spirits tied to natural places/elements—earth spirits dwelling in the earth who advise mankind, and water sprites tied to water who interact with humans.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6953c85b77f38f6761bdc00b?page=425","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"water spirit","yw":1920,"wd":"1920","wb":"title_page","wc":"high","wf":1920,"wt":1920},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1921,"ye":null,"t":"Apollodorus: The Library, Vol. 1 (Loeb)","a":"Apollodorus; J.G. Frazer (trans.)","lg":"English","tr":"greco-roman","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"address-greeting","q":"Now Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus and Alcidice, was brought up by Cretheus, brother of Salmoneus, and conceived a passion for the river Enipeus, and often would she hie to its running waters and utter","why":"The passage depicts the river Enipeus as an entity capable of being the object of human romantic passion and direct personal address, presenting the river as a personal being with whom a mortal stands in a relationship.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69b01046e485bbb15c6b4931?page=148","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"naiad","yw":100,"wd":"c. 1–150","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":1,"wt":150},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1926,"ye":null,"t":"Religion and Folklore of Northern India","a":"William Crooke","lg":"English","tr":"hindu","c":"river-lake-sea","s":"nature-spirit","v":"outsider","rel":"worship","q":"Every tank in the Central Provinces in which the lotus grows is inhabited by Purainha, the guardian deity of the plant.","why":"The passage explicitly reports an ethnographic belief that every tank in the Central Provinces where lotus grows is inhabited by Purainha, the guardian deity of the plant, presenting the water tank as the dwelling of a s","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/699079addb8b55d19ec67320?page=77","fm":false,"d":"place_spirits","ln":"animism","ph":"guardian deity of the","yw":1893,"wd":"1863–1923, the author's adult life","wb":"author_lifespan","wc":"high","wf":1863,"wt":1923},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1750,"ye":"model_knowledge","t":"Tshamdrak rNying rgyud Thi","a":"Tshamdrak Monastery","lg":"Tibetan","tr":"tibetan-buddhist","c":"spring-well","s":"naga-serpent-dragon","v":"insider","rel":"harm-fear","q":"Alternatively, if you perform the activity toward a spring from a <term>Naga</term> dwelling, face yourself toward the west.","why":"The text describes a ritual directed toward a spring specified as a dwelling of Nagas, presenting the natural water source as the home of localized spirits who can be affected through ritual practice.","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/6a14e15c311a9edd4621fe47?page=120","fm":false,"d":"waters","ln":"animism","ph":"nāgas","yw":850,"wd":"c. 700–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":700,"wt":1000},{"l":"inhabited","p":"alive","y":1916,"ye":null,"t":"Greek Anthology I: Books 1-6 (Loeb)","a":"ed. W.R. Paton","lg":"Greek","tr":"greco-roman","c":"mountain-rock","s":"deity-of-place","v":"literary","rel":"offering","q":"To thee, blessed god of the mountain-peak, Cleonicus dedicates the goat, thou leader of two-fold hunting; for the barking of his hounds, the three-pronged spear, the work of swift hare-slaughter, the nets spread in the surf, the angler's labor, and the cables of the toiling seine-fishermen pleased thee; and since he secured his catch from the sea, and often chased out the cowering hare.","why":"The epigram addresses the 'blessed god of the mountain-peak' (a mountain god tied to the peak) with whom the hunter/fisherman Cleonicus stands in relation through a votive dedication of a goat, presented as a literary/po","fp":false,"u":"https://sourcelibrary.org/book/69de13298a46d0c97eedc969?page=405","fm":false,"d":"mountains","ln":"animism","ph":"god of the mountain","yw":980,"wd":"c. 100 BCE–1000","wb":"model_knowledge","wc":"low","wf":-100,"wt":1000}]